认知治疗对门诊精神分裂症患者治疗依从性的影响

目的：探讨认知治疗对门诊精神分裂症患者治疗依从性的影响。方法：将64例精神分裂症患者随机平分为认知治疗组和对照组。均接受抗精神病药治疗,认知治疗组在此基础上进行认知治疗,而对照组仅限于一般健康教育,并随访1年。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、自知力与治疗态度问卷（ITAQ）、服药依从性调查表,分别于治疗前、治疗后4周末、8周末、1年后各评定1次。结果：治疗后两组PANSS、ITAQ、服药依从性比较差异有显著性（t值分别为3.24,2.40,2.41;P〈0.01）,均以认知治疗组显著较好。结论：认知治疗能有效提高精神分裂症患者服药依从性,降低复发率。     

认知行为疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁的疗效分析

目的 探讨认知行为疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁的临床治疗效果.方法 对符合入组标准且完成研究的精神分裂症后抑郁患者随机分为西酞普兰合并认知行为治疗组（研究组,60例）及西酞普兰治疗组（对照组,62例）.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效.结果 研究组4、6、8周末及随访1年后HAMD评分较对照组显著改善;入组前及8周末PANSS总分及各因子分两组比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但随访1年后PANSS总分及各因子分研究组明显低于对照组,差异有显著性（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;研究组复发率低,依从性好.结论 认知行为疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁疗效确切,有利于患者回归社会.     

认知行为治疗精神分裂症患者临床对照研究

目的：探讨认知行为治疗对精神分裂症患者的疗效。方法：89例符合条件的精神分裂症患者随机分成两组，一组予以认知行为治疗合并利培酮治疗（研究组），另一组予利培酮治疗（对照组），所有患者在入组前及治疗后2、4、6、8周末分别用阳性症状和阴性症状量表（PANSS），治疗时出现的症状量表（TESS）评定。结果：研究组第4周末起阴性症状分，一般精神病理分及PANSS总分均较对照组有明显改善。二组间不良反应无显著性差异。结论：认知行为治疗是治疗精神分裂症的一种有效方法。     

认知行为疗法对精神分裂症伴发抑郁障碍的对照研究

目的：探讨认知行为疗法对精神分裂症伴发抑郁障碍的临床效果。方法：对符合人组标准的精神分裂症伴发抑郁焦虑症状的患者随机分为帕罗西汀合并认知行为治疗组（研究组，32例）及帕罗西汀治疗组（对照组，32例）。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效。结果：研究组4、6、8周末及随访1年后HAMD评分较对照组显著改善；人组前及8周末PANSS总分及各因子分两组比较无明显差异（P〉0．05），但随访1年后PANSS总分及各因子分研究组明显低于对照组，差异有显著性（P〈0.05～0．01）；研究组复发率低，依从性好。结论：认知行为疗法对精神分裂症伴发抑郁障碍疗效确切，有利于回归社会。     

集体心理治疗对精神分裂症患者疗效的影响

目的：探讨集体心理治疗对精神分裂症患疗效的影响。方法：将120例精神分裂症患随机分为药物治疗组和集体心理治疗（联合组）60例,药物治疗（药物组）60例,观察12周应用PANSS量表进行评定。结果：PANSS量表评分在8周后联合组显低于药物组（P＜0．05）,12周更加明显（P＜0．01）,治疗第12周末联合组的服药依从性显高于药物组（P＜0．005）。结论：集体心理治疗能有效改善精神分裂症的精神症状,提高其服药依从性,促进其社会功能的恢复。     

认知行为疗法对慢性精神分裂症患者的疗效分析

目的：了解认知行为疗法对慢性精神分裂症患者的疗效。方法：将符合条件的患者随机分为两组，即治疗组（认知行为疗法组）和对照组（药物组），治疗组在药物治疗的基础上增加认知行为治疗，而对照组只给予单纯的药物治疗，分别在治疗前、治疗第2周末、第4周末、第8周末予以阳性和阴性症状量表（Positive and Negative Syndrome，PANSS）评分。结果：至第8周末，治疗组PANSS量表的得分明显低于对照组，差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：认知行为疗法可以有效改善慢性精神分裂症的症状。     

认知行为疗法对精神分裂症伴发抑郁障碍的对照研究

目的探讨认知行为疗法对精神分裂症伴发抑郁障碍的临床效果.方法 对符合入组标准的精神分裂症伴发抑郁焦虑症状的患者随机分为帕罗西汀合并认知行为治疗组(研究组,32例)及帕罗西汀治疗组(对照组,32例).采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效.结果研究组4、6、8周末及随访1年后HAMD评分较对照组显著改善;入组前及8周末PANSS总分及各因子分两组比较无明显差异(P>0.05),但随访1年后PANSS总分及各因子分研究组明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05～0.01);研究组复发率低,依从性好.结论认知行为疗法对精神分裂症伴发抑郁障碍疗效确切,有利于回归社会.     

团体认知行为联合作业疗法对精神分裂症患者症状及社会功能的影响

摘要：目的 探讨团体认知行为联合作业疗法对精神分裂症患者症状及社会功能的影响。方法 选择2020年1月-2020年12月于本院住院治疗的125例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为观察组（n=62）和对照组（n=63）。两组均接受常规药物治疗,此基础上对照组采用作业疗法,观察组采用团体认知行为联合作业疗法。观察精神症状、社会功能、认知功能改善以及复发情况,评价服药依从性、生活质量和满意度。结果 治疗后两组患者阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）各维度及总分、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）得分、精神分裂症病人生活质量量表（SQLS）各维度得分均较治疗前显著降低,且治疗后观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组患者精神分裂症认知功能成套测验（MCCB）各维度得分、服药依从性均较治疗前显著升高,且治疗后观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗总有效率和总满意度显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 团体认知行为联合作业疗法可有效减轻精神分裂症患者症状,提高社会和认知功能,利于患者康复。     

米氮平联合利培酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的临床研究

目的：探讨米氮平联合利培酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的临床疗效及安全性。方法：将136例以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（米氮平联合利培酮治疗）和对照组（单用利培酮治疗）,疗程10周,采用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）和治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定疗效和安全性。结果：治疗后两组PANSS评分均较治疗前有显著降低（P〈0.05）。治疗后第4、6、8、10周末,研究组的阴性因子分均显著低于对照组,差异具有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。两组不良反应均为轻至中度。结论：米氮平联合利培酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状具有起效快、疗效好、不良反应少、患者依从性好的特点。     

帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮片治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性开放性观察对照研究

目的：评价帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮片治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法选取56例首发精神分裂症患者为观察对象,并将其分为研究组和对照组各28例。分别给予帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮片剂治疗,并于治疗前和治疗后的第1、2、4和8周采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效,副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果两组患者治疗后阳性和阴性症状量表总分及各因子分均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;研究组治疗2周末的PANSS总分及2、4、8周的PANSS阴性评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;两组患者8周末临床治疗总有效率分别为78.6%和71.4%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组患者不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论帕利哌酮缓释片对精神分裂症疾病治疗效果确定,尤其是在早期显效和改善阴性症状方面优于利培酮,且安全性更好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.