卵巢上皮性瘤组织中C-erbB2、Ki67和P53蛋白表达及意义

目的探讨原癌基因C-erbB2、细胞核增殖相关抗原Ki67、抑癌基因P53在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用单克隆抗体免疫组化技术(SP法)检测124例卵巢肿瘤组织中(其中61例良性肿瘤,19例交界性肿瘤,44例恶性肿瘤)C-erbB2、Ki67和P53的表达,探讨其与临床及病理学的关系。结果(1)C-erbB2、Ki67和P53在良性、交界性、恶性卵巢肿瘤中阳性表达率均呈梯度升高,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。其中Ki67与P53在浆液性癌组织中的表达显著高于交界性肿瘤及黏液性癌组织(P<0.05)。(2)P53蛋白表达与卵巢癌临床分期、组织学分级有相关性(P<0.05)。(3)C-erbB2 Ki67 P53联合表达与Ki67 P53联合表达在良性、交界性、恶性肿瘤中的表达有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论C-erbB2、Ki67和P53蛋白的高表达与卵巢癌的发生有密切关系,可作为卵巢上皮性肿瘤恶性变的分子标志;Ki67和P53蛋白的免疫组化检测可作为卵巢上皮肿瘤鉴别诊断的客观辅助指标。     

卵巢癌组织中TRAIL和Survivin蛋白与临床病理因素的关系

目的探讨TRAIL和Survivin在卵巢癌组织中的表达及与临床病理因素的关系。方法用免疫组化SP法检测10例正常卵巢、20例良性卵巢肿瘤及60例卵巢癌组织中TRAIL蛋白和Survivin蛋白表达情况,分析TRAIL和Survivin蛋白与卵巢癌临床病理因素的关系。结果①正常卵巢组织、良性卵巢肿瘤、卵巢癌中TRAIL蛋白的表达率分别为90．0％、80．0％、38．3％,Survivin蛋白的表达率分别为0％、20．0％、63．3％。两者间比较：在正常卵巢和良性卵巢肿瘤中TRAIL蛋白、Survivin蛋白的表达差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）;而良性卵巢肿瘤和恶性卵巢肿瘤中TRAIL蛋白、Survivin蛋白的表达差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）;②在卵巢癌中TRAIL蛋白表达与组织学类型、病理分级无关（P〉0．05）,与临床分期期别密切相关（P〈0．05）;Survivin蛋白的表达与组织学类型无关（P〉0．05）,与病理分级、临床分期期别密切相关（P〈0．05）。结论TRAIL蛋白和Survivin蛋白可能共同参与了卵巢癌的发生发展过程。并且可能通过减少TRAIL蛋白表达,升高Survivin蛋白表达,起到协同抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡作用,从而参与了卵巢肿瘤发生过程中细胞凋亡的调控。     

上皮性卵巢癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达与腹水形成的关系

为探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其与腹水形成的关系，采用免疫组化LSAB法，检测20例良性肿瘤及39例恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤细胞中VEGF的表达，并分析其表面与临床病理指标的关系，结果表明，VEGF在良性和恶生卵巢肿瘤中的阳性表达率分别为10．0％（2／20），和84．6（33／39），两组间阳性表达率及表达强度差异均有非常显意义（P＜0．001），VEGF的表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度及腹腔内播散无明显相关性（P＞0．05），与临床分期有一定的相关性，与腹水形成显相关（P＜0．05），结论：VEGF在卵巢癌中的阳性表达率高于良性肿瘤，与其腹水形成相关。     

乳腺癌组织中VEGF的表达与CD44v6、MMP一2的相关性研究

目的检测血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与CD44v6、MMP-2在乳腺癌中的表达情况,探讨它们之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测92例乳腺浸润性癌中VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-2的表达情况,并与正常乳腺组织进行比较。结果VEGF在正常乳腺组织和乳腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为6．7％（3／45）和90．2％（83／92）,且VEGF在淋巴结转移组中的阳性表达率（53／55）明显高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．05）。CD44v6在正常乳腺组织及乳腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为8．9％（4／45）和85．9％（79／92）,而且CD44v6在淋巴结转移组中的阳性表达率（51／55）明显高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．05）。MMP-2蛋白在正常乳腺组织及乳腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为4．4％（2／45）、87．0％％（80／92）,而且MMP-2在淋巴结转移组中的阳性表达率（52／55）明显高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．05）。VEGF与CD44v6、MMP-2的表达均存在正相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-2在乳腺癌组织中高表达,且均与淋巴结转移有关,它们可能在乳腺癌的远处转移中起协同作用。     

MUC13和MUC16在卵巢上皮癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨M UC13及M U16在卵巢上皮癌中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测65例卵巢上皮癌组织、18例卵巢良性肿瘤组织,10例正常卵巢组织中 M UC13和M UC16的表达情况。结果 M UC13和M UC16在卵巢上皮癌中的阳性表达率显著高于卵巢良性肿瘤和正常卵巢组织（P＜0．01）。MUC13蛋白表达与卵巢上皮癌的病理类型、组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期无关（P＞0．05）;卵巢浆液性癌MUC16的阳性表达率显著高于黏液癌、子宫内膜样癌（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）;卵巢上皮癌晚期、低分化、有淋巴结转移组的MUC16阳性表达率显著高于早期、高-中分化和无淋巴结转移组（P＜0．05;P＜0．01;P＜0．05）;MUC13和MUC16在卵巢上皮癌中的表达成正相关。结论 M UC13和M UC16在卵巢上皮癌的发生发展中起重要作用。     

Pokemon蛋白和p53蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨卵巢癌组织中Pokemon蛋白和p53蛋白表达,明确其与临床病理的关系。方法选取52例卵巢癌组织作为观察组,60例卵巢良性病变组织作为对照组。免疫组化测定两组组织中Pokemon蛋白和p53蛋白的表达。结果观察组和对照组中Pokemon蛋白阳性率分别为69．2％（36／52）和11．7％（7／60）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=12．74,P〈0．01）。观察组和对照组中p53蛋白阳性率分别为78．8％（41／52）和15．0％（9／60）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=22．71,P〈0．01）。Pokemon蛋白表达与卵巢癌患者的肿瘤浸润深度（χ2=9．16,P〈0．05）、临床分期（χ2=5．86,P〈0．05）、淋巴结是否转移（χ2=32．28,P〈0．01）和是否复发（χ2=27．08,P〈0．01）均有显著的关系,与肿瘤分化程度（χ2=0．82,P〉0．05）无明显关系。p53蛋白表达与卵巢癌患者的肿瘤浸润深度（χ2=8．24,P〈0．05）、临床分期（χ2=9．24,P〈0．05）、淋巴结是否转移（χ2=19．62,P〈0．01）和是否复发（χ2=21．16,P〈0．01）均有显著的关系,与肿瘤分化程度（χ2=0．77,P〉0．05）无明显关系。经相关性分析,Pokemon蛋白和p53蛋白阳性表达有明显正相关关系（r=0．297,P〈0．05）。结论Pokemon蛋白和p53蛋白与卵巢癌的诊断、病变程度和预后均有密切关系。     

Survivin和p53蛋白在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达、相关性及意义

目的研究Survivin、p53蛋白在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的表达及这两种蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌诊断、预后中的意义。方法采用免疫组化二步法检测Survivin、p53蛋白在15例良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤和69例恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的表达情况。结果①Survivin蛋白在恶性和良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的阳性表达率分别为60．9％,6．7％（P〈0．05）;p53蛋白在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达率为43．5％,在良性肿瘤中的表达率为13．3％（P〈0．05）。两蛋白的阳性表达与卵巢上皮性肿瘤的良恶性、临床分期、组织学分级和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）。②Survivin和p53蛋白的阳性表达率有显著相关性（r=0．464,P〈0．05）。结论Survivin和p53蛋白表达水平增高可能与上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展有关,可为卵巢癌的诊断、预后判断提供理论依据,且二者在卵巢上皮性癌的癌变中可能存在协同作用。     

人大肠癌组织血管内皮生长因子C及血管内皮细胞生长因子受体3和P53蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的研究血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）C及血管内皮生长因子受体（VEGFR）3和P53蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理和预后的关系。方法对89例大肠癌患者手术切除标本的癌组织、癌旁组织及正常大肠组织采用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF—C、VEGFR-3和P53蛋白表达情况,分析其变化规律。结果VEGF—C、VEGFRG和P53在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达高于癌旁组织及正常大肠组织,差异有统计学意义[癌组织：67．4％（60／89）、55．1％（49／89）和66．3％（59／89）,癌旁组织：22．6％（12／53）、20．8％（11／53）、11．3％（6／53）,正常组织：13．2％（7／53）、11．3％（6／53）、0,P〈0．05]。DukesB、C和D期的大肠癌P53阳性率[分别为：61．1％（11／18）、76．2％（16／21）、87．1％（27／31）]均高于DukesA期[26．3％（5／19）],差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;DukesD期高于DukesB期（P〈0．05）。大肠高分化腺癌P53阳性率低于中分化和低分化腺癌,差异均有统计学意义[45．7％（16／35）比78．3％（18／23）、81．1％（25／31）,P〈0．05],中分化腺癌与低分化腺癌P53阳性率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。89例大肠癌中60例有淋巴结转移,VEGF—C和VEGFR-3阳性率分别为76．7％（46例）和63．3％（38例）;无淋巴结转移者29例,VEGF-C和VEGFRG阳性率分别为48．3％（14例）和37．9％（11例）;有淋巴结转移患者中VEGF—C和VEGFR-3阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移者（P〈0．05）。VEGF—C在黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层的阳性率分别为50．0％（12／24）、67．6％（25／37）和82．1％（23／28）,黏膜下层阳性率与浆膜层的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;VEGFR-3的阳性率分别为29．2％（7／24）、54．1％（20／37）和78．6％（22／28）,浆膜层阳性表达率高于黏膜下层和肌层,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在大肠低、中、高分化腺癌组织中VEGF—C阳性率分别为83．9％（26／31）、69．6％（16／23）、51．4％（18／35）,VEGFR-3阳性率分别为77．4％（24／31）、56．5％（13／23）、34．3％（12／35）,VEGF-C和VEGFR-3在低分化程度阳性表达率高于高分化程度者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论大癌组织中VEGF—C及VEGFR~、P53的表达可能是肿瘤发生、浸润、转移的重要因素,联合检测对判断肿瘤的恶性程度、转移、预后、评价复发具有重要的临床意义。     

CyclinD1、P53、CK20在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨 CyclinD1、P53和 CK20在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及临床意义。方法利用免疫组化方法检测8例正常膀胱上皮、8例良性增生尿路上皮、10例异型增生尿路上皮、35例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中 CyclinD1、P53和 CK20的表达情况。结果CyclinD1、P53和 CK20在8例正常膀胱组织中阳性率均为0;8例良性增生上皮中分别为12．5％（1／8）、0（0／8）、0（0／8）;在尿路上皮异型增生中阳性率分别为70％（7／10）、80％（8／10）、0（0／10）;膀胱尿路上皮癌中阳性率85．7％（30／35）、100％（35／35）、42．8％（15／35）,三个指标在异型增生尿路上皮及膀胱尿路上皮癌与正常尿路上皮、良性增生尿路上皮中的表达之间的差异有显著意义（P ＜0．05）,且 CK20、P53与膀胱尿路上皮癌的分级呈正相关（P ＜0．05）,Cyclin D1与膀胱尿路上皮癌的分级呈负相关（P ＜0．05）。结论CyclinD1、P53和 CK20的表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生密切相关,可能会成为膀胱尿路上皮癌诊断及评价预后的重要指标。     

COX-2和VEGF与子宫腺肌病的相关性

目的：探讨环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在子宫腺肌病患者子宫内膜的表达及临床意义。方法选取病理证实为子宫腺肌病标本44例（观察组）和非子宫腺肌病标本29例（对照组）,采用免疫组化法检测子宫腺肌病原位和异位子宫内膜COX-2和VEGF表达。结果子宫肌腺病增殖期和分泌期原位和异位内膜COX-2蛋白表达阳性率分别为40膊．00％和57．89％、88．00％和94．74％,明显高于对照组（ P＜0．05）;异位内膜COX-2蛋白表达阳性率高于原位内膜（P＜0．05）;子宫肌腺病增殖期和分泌期原位和异位内膜VEGF蛋白表达阳性率分别为44．00％和92．00％、73．68％和100．00％,均明显高于对照组内膜（ P＜0．05）;异位内膜VEGF蛋白表达阳性率高于原位（P＜0．05）;COX-2和VEGF在异位内膜和原位内膜表达呈正相关（r2＝0．700和0．350,P＜0．05）。结论子宫腺肌病异位内膜COX-2和VEGF高表达,且呈正相关性,可能与子宫腺肌病的发生、发展有关。     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.