高效液相色谱法测定法莫替丁片溶出度

目的　测定法莫替丁片的溶出度。方法　高效液相色谱法 ,以Xterra -C18(3.9× 15 0mm ,5 μm)为色谱柱 ,流动相为庚烷磺酸钠溶液 -乙腈 -甲醇 (2 5∶6∶1) ,流速为 1.0ml/min ;检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果　本品在 4 0～ 30 0 μg·ml-1范围内线性良好 (r=0 .9998) ,平均回收率为 99.6 5 % ,RSD =0 .4 %。结论　本法可排除辅料对溶出度测定的影响 ,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定国产酒石酸托特罗定片的溶出度

目的　测定并比较 3厂家酒石酸托特罗定片的溶出度。方法　采用高效液相色谱法测定含量 ,检测波长 2 83nm。溶出度以小杯法测定 ,转速为 10 0r/min ;溶出介质为 10 0ml水。结果用威布尔 (welbull)分布模型拟合 ,并对溶出参数m、T50 、Td 进行统计学分析。结果　 5 .0 72～ 4 0 .5 6 7μg·ml-1范围内线性良好 ,r =0 .9996 (n =4 ) ,3个不同厂家生产的酒石酸托特罗定片30min累积溶出百分率均大于 70 %。 3个不同厂家溶出参数有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　 3厂家生产的酒石酸托特罗定片溶出度符合中国药典 2 0 0 0年版有关规定。     

噻奈普汀钠片溶出度测定

目的　建立噻奈普汀钠片溶出度测定方法。方法　以水为溶出介质 ,转篮法 ,转速 10 0r/min ,4 5min为取样点 ,检测波长为 2 2 5nm。结果　噻奈普汀钠在 2 .74～ 2 7.4 4 μg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与吸收度呈良好线性关系 (r =0 .9998)。回收率为 10 0 .1% ,RSD 为 0 .6 1% ,三批溶出度平均值均大于 90 %。结论　本法快速简便 ,为噻奈普汀钠片体外溶出监测提供了方法     

高效液相色谱法测定奥沙普秦胶囊溶出度的研究

 目的 高效液相色谱法测定奥沙普秦胶囊的溶出度,为质量控制提供依据。方法 参照《中国药典》(2020年版二部)、日本橙皮书和美国药典收载的奥沙普秦片和奥沙普秦肠溶胶囊的标准,对奥沙普秦胶囊的溶出度进行方法学研究,建立测定奥沙普秦溶出度的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。结果 HPLC分析条件色谱柱Inertsil C₈(250 mm×4.6 mm;5 μm)为固定相;0.1%磷酸(pH 2.0)-乙腈(55∶45)为流动相;流速1.0 ml/min;检测波长286 nm,柱温35 ℃;进样体积20 μl。溶出方法:0.05 mol/l磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH 7.4)1000 ml为溶出介质, 篮法,转速100 r/min,溶出时间45 min,限度75%。结论 建立的奥沙普秦胶囊溶出方法和HPLC测定方法,具有较好的专属性、精密度和准确度,可作为奥沙普秦胶囊溶出度质量标准依据。     

高原康胶囊中氨茶碱的溶出度测定

目的建立检查高原康胶囊中氨茶碱溶出度测定方法。方法根据《中国药典》2010年（二部）附录ⅩC第二法对其溶出度进行检查。采用水1000 ml为溶出介质,转速为50 r.min-1,取样时间为20 min,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,流动相：0.05 mol.L-1NaH2PO4（含三乙胺0.2%,用磷酸调pH 4.0）-甲醇（65∶35）;检测波长：245 nm;流速：1.0 ml.min-1;柱温：30℃。结果茶碱在0.015 08～0.1357 mg.ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.0000）,平均回收率为99.39%,RSD为0.46%（n=9）。结论本方法简便、测定结果准确,可用于高原康胶囊的氨茶碱溶出度检查。     

复方尼群地平片的溶出度考察

目的　建立复方尼群地平片剂中尼群地平的溶出度测定方法。方法　 30 %乙醇的 0 .1mol·L-1盐酸溶液 2 5 0ml为溶剂 ,转速 75r/min ,4 5min取样 ,紫外分光光度法于波长 35 6nm处 ,测其吸收度计算容出量。结果　在 12～ 2 8μg·ml-1范围内 ,吸收度与浓度呈良好线性关系 ,A =0 .0 1915 C- 0 .0 2 2 8,r=0 .9999,平均回收率 10 0 .5 % ,RSD为 0 .77% ,3批样品溶出均一性试验结果满意 ,4 5min溶出度均 70 %以上。结论　本法操作简便 ,试剂用量少 ,结果正确。     

HPLC法测定湿疹净中霜公藤吉碱和苦参碱的含量

目的　建立湿疹净喷雾剂的质量控制标准。方法　采用HPLC法同时测定样品中雷公藤吉碱和苦参碱的含量。色谱条件 :HypersilODS色谱柱 (4.6× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :乙腈 - 0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠水溶液 (6∶4 ) ;流速 1ml/min ;检测波长2 10nm ;柱温 2 0℃ ;进样量 1～ 6 μl。结果　线性范围分别是 :雷公藤 0 .6 2 4～ 3.74 4 μg ,r =0 .9995 ;苦参碱 0 .88～ 5 .2 8μg,r =0 .9996。平均回收率 :雷公藤吉碱为 97.4 % ,RSD =1.5 1% ;苦参碱为 97.5 % ,RSD =1.15 %。结论　本方法测定结果准确、灵敏、重复性好     

格替沙星片溶出度测定条件的优选实验

目的　优化格替沙星片的溶出度测定条件。方法　采用正交实验对该药片溶出度测定的基本条件 (转速、取样时间、溶出介质 )进行筛选 ,采用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果　筛选出 80r/min ,45min取样 ,0 .1mol·L-1的盐酸作溶出介质为该药溶出度的最佳测定条件。结论　采用正交实验法筛选出的最佳溶出条件 ,快速、准确。可用于格替沙星片的溶出度测定     

肾康口服液的质量标准研究

目的　制订肾康口服液质量标准。方法　采用薄层色谱法 (TLC)等 ,对该制剂中黄柏、墨旱莲及总生物碱等进行定性鉴别 ;高效液相色谱法 ,对制剂中君药黄柏的有效成分盐酸小檗碱进行定量分析 ,选用NovapakC18柱 (2 .5cm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,加NovapakC18预柱 (2 .5cm× 4 .6mm) ;流动相 :甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠 (2 0∶35∶4 5 ) ;柱温 2 4℃ ;检测波长 346nm ;流速1.0ml/min。结果　采用TLC法鉴别 ,专属性强 ,含量测定盐酸小檗碱的线性范围为 4 .0 0～ 2 0 .0 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9992 ) ,平均回收率为 10 1.32 % ,RSD =1.18% (n =5 )。结论　本文方法简便 ,准确 ,重现性好。可有效地控制该制剂的质量     

复方海螵蛸泡腾片的鉴别含量溶出度测定实验研究

目的　建立复方海螵蛸泡腾片的化学鉴别、含量测定、溶出度测定方法 ,以控制该药的制剂质量。方法　应用化学鉴别法、薄层层析法对所含中药成分进行鉴别。采用HPLC法对所含阿莫西林、甲硝唑进行鉴别试验及含量测定 ,流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH5 .0 ) -乙腈 (96∶4 ) ;流速为 1ml/min ;检测波长为 2 5 4nm。用药典方法对药物的溶出度进行测定。结果　化学鉴别碳酸钙和延胡索中的生物碱反应为 (+) ,甘草与对照品甘草次酸钠薄层层析结果相符。含量测定 :阿莫西林的标准曲线方程为 :A1=1.6 34× 10 5C - 6 .2 4 2× 10 3 ,r =0 .9997(n =5 ) ;甲硝唑的标准曲线方程为 :A2 =1.2 19× 10 5C +1.5 6 1× 10 3 ,r =0 .994 6 (n =5 ) ;两者在 2 .5～ 30 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好。甲硝唑的平均回收率为 98.7% ,RSD 1.4 7% ,阿莫西林的平均回收率为 98.3% ,RSD0 .6 9%。结论　本文建立的三项检查方法 ,快速、简便 ,可以控制复方海螵蛸泡腾片的制剂质量     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.