太极拳运动对老年人心血管功能的影响及机制探讨

通过查阅近10年文献资料，从心脏、血管和血液动力流变学3个角度综述太极拳运动对老年人心血管功能的影响，并结合太极拳运动的特点对其机制进行探讨。每搏输出量、心输出量、心排血指数和射血分数、左心能量有效利用率等指标的变化，表明太极拳可以使老年人心率储备增加，提高心脏泵血功能。血容量相对增多，血液稀释，血细胞比容下降，使血黏度下降，改善微循环，血脂下降，显示坚持太极拳练习有改善血液浓、凝、聚、黏状态。同时一些指标检测结果也表明老年人心血管机能改善的艰难性和人体对运动锻炼适应过程的长期性。太极拳运动项目特点影响着老年人的心血管功能，对老年人心血管功能改善发挥着作用。     

太极拳运动对老年人心血管功能的影响及机制探讨

通过查阅近10年文献资料,从心脏、血管和血液动力流变学3个角度综述太极拳运动对老年人心血管功能的影响,并结合太极拳运动的特点对其机制进行探讨。每搏输出量、心输出量、心排血指数和射血分数、左心能量有效利用率等指标的变化,表明太极拳可以使老年人心率储备增加,提高心脏泵血功能。血容量相对增多,血液稀释,血细胞比容下降,使血黏度下降,改善微循环,血脂下降,显示坚持太极拳练习有改善血液浓、凝、聚、黏状态。同时一些指标检测结果也表明老年人心血管机能改善的艰难性和人体对运动锻炼适应过程的长期性。太极拳运动项目特点影响着老年人的心血管功能,对老年人心血管功能改善发挥着作用。     

力量训练对增龄性血管内皮功能的影响及机制

目的:研究力量训练对老年人血管内皮功能和炎症因子的影响,探讨力量训练对增龄性血管内皮功能影响的机制。方法:11例老年男性[平均年龄(70.63±3.93)岁]进行12周的力量训练,使用多普勒超声显像技术测定受试者运动训练前后的血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD),同时检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs CRP)、脂联素(adiponectin)。结果:经过12周的力量训练后,老年人体脂率显著降低(P0.05),血糖、血脂出现显著性下降,肌肉力量显著增加,同时FMD显著提高(P0.05),而TNF-α、IL-6、hs CRP水平出现显著降低,adiponectin显著升高;FMD增加的程度与血清TNF-α、IL-6、hs CRP降低的程度,以及adiponectin升高的程度呈显著正相关。结论:12周的力量训练提高了老年人血管内皮功能,减低了炎症反应水平;力量训练提高老年人血管内皮功能与炎症水平下降有关,这可能是力量训练提高老年人心血管机能的机制之一。     

不同运动强度对老年人心血管功能的影响分析

目的：比较不同运动强度对老年人心血管功能的影响。方法：将某市区120例离退休岁的老人随机分为慢走组、太极拳组和健身操组,进行3个月的运动,比较运动前后的各项指标。结果：经过3个月的运动锻炼,3组老人心率较运动前有所降低,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;血压较运动前显著下降,太极拳组和健身操组降幅更大,CO、SV、SI、CI和PEP较运动前显著提高,太极拳组和健身操组提高幅度更大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：通过匀和有氧运动能有效锻炼老年人心血管机能、防病、抗老,达到健身强体延年益寿之目的。     

有氧运动联合抗阻训练对长期习练太极拳老年人肢体运动功能的影响

目的:观察有氧运动联合抗阻训练对长期习练太极拳老年人肢体运动功能的改善作用。方法:采用随机数字表法将60例长期习练太极拳的健康老年人分为观察组及对照组,每组30例。对照组按原先习惯进行规律太极拳锻炼,每周习练次数不少于3次;观察组在此基础上辅以有氧运动及抗阻训练,每周训练2次。于干预前、干预12周后分别对2组老年对象上...     

高强度功能训练对老年人影响的研究进展

<正>我国正处于快速老龄化阶段,截至2017年末,我国60岁及以上老年人口达2.41亿,占总人口的17.3%~([1])。据联合国人口司《世界人口展望2017》~([2])预测,从目前到2055年,我国老年人口比重将呈单调递增的趋势,60岁以上老人将达到4.8亿,占比36.4%。有研究~([3])显示,80岁以上老人最常见的身体功能问题为行走困难,行走困难通常与老人下肢力量、平衡力以及步行能力有关,而这些均为老年人     

力量训练对老年男性增龄性肌萎缩及慢性炎症的影响

目的研究力量训练对老年人骨骼肌和轻度炎症的影响。方法对11 名男性老年人进行为期12 周的力量训练。在力量训练前后分别检测肌肉厚度以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)和脂联素的变化。结果力量训练后,老年人肌肉厚度增加,但与训练前无显著性差异(P>0.05);血清hsCRP 水平显著降低(P<0.001),脂联素水平增加(P<0.05)。力量训练引起的肌肉厚度增加量与血清炎症因子减少程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论力量训练可以帮助老年人维持或提高肌肉力量、肌肉量,减少轻度炎症。     

有氧运动联合抗阻训练对腹膜透析患者运动功能及心血管事件相关因素的影响

目的 观察有氧运动联合抗阻训练对持续不卧床腹膜透析患者运动功能及心血管事件相关因素的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将60例腹膜透析患者分为观察组及对照组,每组30例。2组患者均规律进行不卧床腹膜透析治疗,观察组在此基础上辅以有氧运动及抗阻训练,每次训练30~60 min,每周训练3次,共持续训练24周。于干预前、干预24周后观察2组患者静息心率、血压、血脂、心功能及机体运动功能变化。 结果 干预后观察组静息心率［（80.16±6.23）次/分］、血压［静息收缩压为（137.23±14.94）mmHg、静息舒张压为（86.06±8.29）mmHg］、血脂水平均较干预前及同期对照组明显降低（P<0.05）;心脏射血分数［（55.19±7.28）%］、心脏指数［（3.36±0.85）L/min/m2］、6分钟步行试验［（323.53±34.08）m］、1分钟坐立试验［（24.18±5.67）次］及握力水平［（26.49±5.83）kg］均较干预前及同期对照组明显改善（P<0.05）。 结论 有氧运动联合抗阻训练能提高腹膜透析患者机体运动功能,降低患者静息心率、血压及血脂水平,改善心功能,有助于患者生活质量提高。     

12周有氧运动训练对老年人运动功能的影响

目的：通过随机对照研究观察12周有氧运动训练对缺乏锻炼习惯老年人运动功能的影响。方法：将符合入选标准的共32例平均年龄为74.1岁的老年患者随机分为有氧运动组（n=15）和对照组（n=17）。有氧运动组进行每周3次、渐进性增加运动强度的共12周的有氧运动训练。两组均在运动训练开始前及结束时测定膝关节屈、伸肌群的单次最大肌力测试和6min步行距离。结果：有氧运动组各主要指标均比训练前显著提高（P<0.05），膝关节屈、伸肌群的单次最大肌力分别较训练前增加22%和20%，6min步行距离增加了20%。结论：短期的渐进性增加运动强度的有氧训练有助于改善无良好运动习惯老年人的神经肌肉功能和运动能力。     

社区老年人衰弱现状分析及心血管功能与衰弱的相关性研究

[目的]调查社区老年人衰弱发生现状,并探讨心血管功能与衰弱的关系。[方法]采用方便抽样的方法,对蚌埠市两个城区8个社区672名居家老年人进行问卷调查及通过测量肱动脉血压(收缩压、舒张压和脉压差)和中心动脉压、脉率、射血时间、左心负荷指数、舒张期压力时间指数、心内膜下活力率、增长指数10项心血管指标。[结果]672例老年人中不衰弱、衰弱前期、衰弱发生率分别为46.1%、36.2%和17.7%,年龄、体质指数、多病与老年人发生衰弱显著相关。在衰弱与心血管功能指标的多元线性回归显示,衰弱与舒张期压力时间指数(P0.01)、心内膜下心肌活力率(P=0.01)、脉压差(P=0.012)显著相关。[结论]与非衰弱的老年人相比,衰弱的受试者更容易出现心脏和血管功能的异常,心功能障碍可能是衰弱综合征的一个重要因素。     

Diabetes management in older people: a focus on cardiovascular risk reduction

Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in persons with diabetes regardless of age. Increasing age combined with diabetes exert a synergistic effect on the vascular system increasing the atherosclerosis burden in older people with diabetes. Due to their high baseline risk, they stand to benefit most from interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk. Older people with diabetes are functionally heterogeneous and their management is challenging. Fit and independent individuals are likely to benefit from tight targets while a relaxed approach putting quality of life at the heart of management plans is more appropriate in the frail and dependent individuals with limited life expectancy.     

Feasibility and effects of a combined adjuvant high-intensity interval/strength training in breast cancer patients: a single-center pilot study

Purpose: To evaluate feasibility of an exercise intervention consisting of high-intensity interval endurance and strength training in breast cancer patients.

Methods: Twenty-six women with nonmetastatic breast cancer were consecutively assigned to the exercise intervention- (n= 15, mean age 51.9?±?9.8?years) and the control group (n?=?11, mean age 56.9?±?7.0?years). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing that included lactate sampling, one-repetition maximum tests and a HADS-D questionnaire were used to monitor patients both before and after a supervised six weeks period of either combined high-intensity interval endurance and strength training (intervention group, twice a week) or leisure training (control group).

Results: Contrarily to the control group, endurance (mean change of VO₂, _peak 12.0?±?13.0%) and strength performance (mean change of cumulative load 25.9?±?11.2%) and quality of life increased in the intervention group. No training-related adverse events were observed.

Conclusions: Our guided exercise intervention could be used effectively for initiation and improvement of performance capacity and quality of life in breast cancer patients in a relatively short time. This might be especially attractive during medical treatment. Long-term effects have to be evaluated in randomized controlled studies also with a longer follow-up.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• High-intensity interval training allows improvement of aerobic capacity within a comparable short time.

• Standard leisure training in breast cancer patients is rather suitable for the maintenance of performance capacity and quality of life.

• Guided high-intensity interval training combined with strength training can be used effectively for the improvement of endurance and strength capacity and also quality of life.

• After exclusion of contraindications, guided adjuvant high-intensity interval training combined with strength training can be safely used in breast cancer patients

     

双语训练改善老年人认知功能的系统综述

目的 系统评价双语训练对于老年人认知功能的改善情况。方法 检索PubMed、Web of science、ScienceDirect、SpringerLink、万方、中国知网的相关文献,时限为2011年至2021年5月,并辅以参考文献回溯和手工检索,提取相关数据。结果 共获得有效文献21篇,来自12个国家,主要来源于医学、神经病学、心理学、生物学等相关的期刊,发表时间集中在2017年和2019年。研究包括前瞻性研究和回顾性研究,目标群体包括健康人群、痴呆患者和阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者,主要涉及双语对老年人认知功能的影响、双语训练对认知功能改善的作用途径及其效果、老年人双语训练的局限性等。结论 双语训练能改善老年人的认知功能,提高与记忆、注意和执行功能相关的脑功能连接性,延迟AD或痴呆的发病时间。脑结构和脑功能的改善是认知功能改善的主要原因,包括脑区连接增加、改变皮质回路激活水平和保持大脑结构的完整性和可塑性等;训练效果主要表现为执行功能和知觉功能的改善,延缓认知功能减退速度,并能在短期内起效。双语训练的最终结果可能是促进语言功能,保持大脑结构完整性,使用更多神经回路补偿。相关研究缺乏统...     

Effect of very low‐intensity resistance training with slow movement on muscle size and strength in healthy older adults

We previously reported that low‐intensity [50% of one repetition maximum (1RM)] resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation (LST) causes muscle hypertrophy and strength gain in older participants. The aim of this study was to determine whether resistance training with slow movement and much more reduced intensity (30%1RM) increases muscle size and strength in older adults. Eighteen participants (60–77 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. One group performed very low‐intensity (30% 1RM) knee extension exercise with continuous muscle contraction (LST: 3‐s eccentric, 3‐s concentric, and 1‐s isometric actions with no rest between each repetition) twice a week for 12 weeks. The other group underwent intermitted muscle contraction (CON: 1‐s concentric and 1‐s eccentric actions with 1‐s rest between each repetition) for the same time period. The 1RM, isometric and isokinetic strengths, and cross‐sectional image of the mid‐thigh obtained by magnetic resonance imaging were examined before and after the intervention. LST significantly increased the cross‐sectional area of the quadriceps muscle (5·0%, P<0·001) and isometric and isokinetic knee extension strengths (P<0·05). CON failed to increase muscle size (1·1%, P = 0·12), but significantly improved its strength (P<0·05). These results indicate that even if the intensity is as low as 30% 1RM, LST can increase muscle size and strength in healthy older adults. The large total contraction time may be related to muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. LST would be useful for preventing sarcopenia in older individuals.