Kimura法与Warshaw法在保留脾脏胰腺体尾部切除术中的对比分析

目的:比较Kimura法及Warshaw法在保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术(SPDP)的手术技巧及临床疗效?方法:回顾性分析解放军总医院2008年12月~2013年4月32例行保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术患者临床资料,其中Kimura法 20例,Warshaw法 12例?比较两种手术操作过程?安全性及并发症之间的差异?结果:Kimura法和Warshaw法在手术时间和出血量之间的差异有明显统计学意义?而术后并发症发生率?胰漏发生率?腹腔内出血发生率?切口感染率的组间差异均无统计学意义?结论:保留脾脏胰腺体尾部切除术中Warshaw法与Kimura法同样安全可行?     

腹腔镜胰体尾部切除术

胰体尾切除术^[1]作为治疗位于胰体尾部的良、恶性肿瘤,慢性胰腺炎等胰腺炎症性疾病的常规术式,主要采用胰体尾联合脾脏的整块切除术,随着对脾切除术后凶险性感染（overwhelming postsplenectomy infection,OPSI）以及对脾脏免疫功能的认识,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术逐渐兴起,1988年Warshaw等^[2]报道了切除脾动静脉的保脾胰体尾切除术,其脾动静脉在胰腺断端及脾门处结扎切断,保留的脾脏主要由来自胃短血管和左胃网膜血管的血液供应。     

腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除术的手术体会。方法回顾性分析施行腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除术的12例患者的临床资料。结果12例腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除术均顺利完成,平均手术时间190min,术中出血150ml,其中1例发生术后出血,再次手术发现脾静脉分支出血,术后恢复良好;12例患者术后随访3～38个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论在严格掌握手术指征的情况下,腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除术是一种治疗胰腺体尾部良性肿瘤和部分低度恶性肿瘤安全有效的方法。     

腹腔镜胰体尾联合脾切除术治疗胰体尾癌的临床效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜胰体尾联合脾切除术治疗胰体尾癌的临床效果。方法选取2013年7月至2016年9月许昌市中心医院61例胰体尾癌患者,随机数表法分组,对照组30例,观察组31例。对照组予以开腹胰体尾切除术治疗,观察组实施腹腔镜胰体尾联合脾切除术治疗,比较两组出院时间、术中出血量、进食时间及术后排气时间,并统计并发症发生情况。结果观察组术中出血量、出院时间、术后排气及进食时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为3.23%,低于对照组26.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胰体尾联合脾切除术治疗胰体尾癌,效果显著,安全性高。     

不规则胰腺切除术对胰腺良性肿瘤的治疗价值分析(附54例报道)

目的 探讨不规则胰腺切除术对胰腺良性肿瘤的治疗价值,分析各种术式与术后胰瘘发生的关系.方法 回顾性分析14年间应用多种手术方式治疗的54例胰腺良性肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果 54例病人中21例行规则性切除术.33例行不规则切除术.摘除术23例有14例术后发生胰瘘,17例胰体尾脾切除术中有10例发生胰瘘,胰十二指肠切除术4例和保留脾的胰体尾切除术3例均未发生胰瘘,6例中段胰腺切除术仅有1例发生胰瘘,胰瘘的发生与手术方式密切相关(P=0.025).26例术后应用生长抑素,其中10例发生胰瘘,28例未应用生长抑素,其中15例发生胰瘘,两组之间相比较差异无显著性(P=0.266).25例胰瘘患者中有15例应用生长抑素,胰瘘闭合时间平均为10 d.10例未应用患者平均达21.5 d,应用生长抑素可以明显缩短胰瘘愈合时间(P=0.03).结论 对于胰腺良性肿瘤应该首选不规则胰腺切除术.生长抑素不能预防胰瘘的发生,但是可以缩短胰瘘的愈合时间.     

保留脾脏的远端胰腺切除体会

目的探讨胰体尾肿瘤采用保留脾脏和脾动静脉胰体尾切除术治疗的可行性与安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月～2012年1月收治的胰体尾肿瘤26例,其中采用保留脾脏和脾动静脉的胰体尾切除术(SPLDP)治疗16例,采用联合脾脏切除的远端胰腺切除术(LDPS)10例,分析两种手术方式的术后效果及并发症情况。结果两组手术方式均成功完成,SPLDP组与LDPS组在手术时间、术后住院时间、术后禁食时间、术中出血量、术中输血量比较无显著性差异(P0.05),术后并发症发生率SPLDP组低于LDPS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论保留脾脏和脾动静脉的胰体尾切除术对术者技术要求极高且手术难度大,但其是一种可行且安全的手术方式,可作为胰腺体尾部良性肿瘤及胰腺体尾部外伤患者临床治疗的首选方案,值得在临床上广泛的推广和应用。     

结扎脾动、静脉保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术体会

胰体尾部良性或恶性疾病.需手术治疗时,传统的手术方法是胰体尾切除 脾切除术.随着对脾脏免疫功能及脾切除术后凶险感染的进一步认识,多数学者主张行胰体尾切除时尽量保留脾脏.恶性肿瘤在不影响治疗效果的前提下亦应保留脾脏.传统保脾手术需保留脾动脉、静脉或单纯结扎脾动脉,如二者均不能保留则行脾切除术.自1992年～1995年我院行结扎脾动静脉保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术3例.术后无并发症.效果满意.现报告如下.     

保留脾脏在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨脾脏保留在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析我院肝胆外科12例腹腔镜下保留脾脏胰体尾切除术患者(LSPDP组)与14例脾脏切除术联合腹腔镜胰体尾切除术患者(LDPS组)的临床疗效差异.结果:11例LSPDP顺利完成,其中Kimura法9例,改行Warshaw法2例,手术成功率91.67％.14例LDPS顺利完成手术,手术成功率100.00％,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LSPDP组患者手术时间、住院时间均明显短于LDPS组,术中出血量明显低于LDPS组,两组患者比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者术后并发症率与病理类型的比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访1～36个月未见复发.结论:保留脾脏在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中具有重要的临床应用价值,具有微创、安全可行的优势.     

脾胰体尾联合切除术治疗胰体尾癌1例报道及文献复习

目的总结脾胰体尾联合切除术治疗胰体尾癌的效果。方法分析1例胰尾癌的诊断治疗过程,并复习文献。结果行脾胰体尾联合切除术后,该例患者恢复良好,远期疗效有待进一步随访。结论胰体尾癌的诊治近年来已取得了一定进展,但整体疗效仍不令人满意。早期诊断、根治性手术及合理的辅助治疗是改善胰体尾癌疗效的关键。     

闭合性胰损伤21例诊治体会

目的 探讨闭合性胰腺损伤早期诊断和治疗对降低并发症发生率和死亡率影响。方法 对21例闭合性胰损伤病例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 21例闭合性损伤,术前确诊3例（14．3％）,所有病例均行手术探查,术中确诊20例漏诊1例。据胰腺损伤分析,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级10例行清创止血小网膜囊引流。Ⅲ级6例行脾,胰体尾切除。Ⅳ级4例行脾,胰体尾切除。Ⅴ级1例行胰十二指肠切除术。治愈18例（85．7％）,死亡3例（14．3％）,术后胰瘘5例（23．8％）。结论 闭合性胰损伤早期诊断困难,B超、CT检查有助于早期发现,术中应全面探查胰腺,避免漏诊。按照胰腺损伤分级选择相应术式,重视胰瘘的预防,降低病死率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.