桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复指腹缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复指腹缺损的手术疗效.方法 设计游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复指腹缺损20例.指腹皮肤缺损范围1.5 cm ×2.5 cm～3.5 cm ×2.0 cm.以桡动脉浅支走行于腕掌侧设计皮瓣,于皮瓣近端切取正中神经掌皮支重建感觉.结果 20例移植皮瓣全部成活,未发生血管危象.随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地血运良好,外形满意,两点辨别觉5～7 mm,手指伸展、屈曲活动正常.结论 游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣切取方便、供区损伤小,是修复手指指腹缺损的一种较好方法.     

游离大鱼际皮瓣修复指腹（背）软组织缺损18例

目的 探讨游离大鱼际皮瓣修复指腹、指背软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 选取2011年6月-2013年3月收治的18例指腹（背）软组织缺损患者,采用游离大鱼际皮瓣进行修复,以桡动脉掌浅支及其穿支构成的血管网为皮瓣供血源,以正中神经掌皮支重建皮瓣感觉.将游离皮瓣移植覆盖创面,在显微镜下将游离皮瓣下方的桡动脉浅支与伤指创区指固有动脉吻合,桡动脉浅支伴行静脉与指背静脉吻合,皮神经和指神经断端接合,供皮区全厚皮片植皮,术后10d行早期功能锻炼防止畸形.结果 18例游离皮瓣均成活,血运、质地和弹性良好,对掌及对指功能正常,指腹两点辨别觉为4～5 mm,指腹外观饱满.结论 鱼际穿支游离皮瓣质地好、厚薄适中,是修复指腹（背）中小面积缺损的有效方法,其血管表浅利于解剖,皮瓣穿支丰富并伴有多条回流静脉,供区创伤小,值得临床推广应用.     

带血管神经蒂的大鱼际近端皮瓣修复指腹缺损

目的介绍一种修复拇指指腹软组织缺损并重建感觉功能的新供区.方法用带血管神经蒂大鱼际近端皮瓣修复拇指指腹软组织缺损6例,其中4例为逆行岛状皮瓣,2例为游离皮瓣.皮瓣最大切取面积为4.0cm×2.5cm,最小为2.5cm×1.5cm.术中在放大6倍手术显微镜下,观察大鱼际近端皮肤的动脉,静脉,神经支配的来源、分支及血管吻合情况.结果6例皮瓣全部成活.术后随访9～18个月,伤指外形及皮肤色泽与健指相似,拇指指腹静止二点分辨觉(S-2PD)为6.6～8.1mm,移动二点分辨别觉(M-2PD)为5.1～6.5mm.结论带血管神经蒂大鱼际近端皮瓣是修复拇指指腹软组织缺损并能重建感觉功能的好供区.     

吻合血管的大鱼际皮瓣移植修复手指软组织缺损

目的探讨吻合血管的大鱼际皮瓣移植修复手指软组织缺损的手术适应证和临床效果。方法自2001年6月至2004年12月,应用吻合血管的大鱼际皮瓣移植修复指腹、指背及指侧方软组织缺损20例。皮瓣面积大小为1.5cm×3.0cm～3.0cm×6.0cm。皮瓣的桡动脉掌浅支、静脉及神经分别与指掌侧固有动脉、指背静脉及指掌侧固有神经吻合。结果20例皮瓣全部成活,伤口一期愈合,18例获得随访,随访时间为6个月至12个月,术后皮瓣外形及手指功能恢复比较满意,两点辨别觉为5～9mm。结论大鱼际皮瓣血管蒂的长度、口径适合显微外科的吻合要求,可用于游离移植,是修复手指软组织缺损较理想的方法之一。     

桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

目的：探讨应用桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法2008年8月-2012年1月,采用游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损伴骨或肌腱外露30例,以桡动脉浅支走行于腕掌侧设计皮瓣,其中20例于皮瓣近端切取正中神经掌皮支重建感觉。皮肤缺损范围为1.5 cm×2.5 cm～2.0 cm×3.5 cm。结果本组30例皮瓣全部成活,未发生血管危象。术后随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地血运良好,外形满意,两点辨别觉为5～7 mm,供区无并发症。结论游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣切取方便,供区损伤小,是修复手指皮肤缺损较为理想的方法。     

游离鱼际穿支皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损

目的探讨游离鱼际穿支皮瓣在手指外伤性指腹缺损修复术中的应用效果。方法 2019年9月-2021年11月,浙江省台州医院手足外科对79例手指外伤导致指腹缺损患者行游离鱼际穿支皮瓣移植修复手术。本组男51例,女28例,年龄17～52(37.5±5.2)岁,其中示指指腹缺损34例、中指15例、环指26例、小指4例。所有病例均采用游离鱼际穿支皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣面积为2.0 cm×2.5 cm～3.0 cm×3.5cm。所有鱼际穿支皮瓣以鱼际区域的穿支动脉和皮下浅静脉为蒂,分别与指掌侧固有动脉和指背静脉吻合,同时携带皮下神经与指掌侧固有神经缝接以重建皮瓣感觉。术中发现,27例鱼际优势穿支来源于桡动脉掌浅支,21例来源于掌浅弓,11例来源于拇指指掌侧固有动脉掌指关节穿支,10例来源于桡动脉,10例来源于拇主要动脉。本组皮瓣携带的神经来源于桡神经浅支24例、前臂外侧皮神经终末支22例、正中神经掌侧支33例。手术时间为(96.7±10.7) min。皮瓣供区全部直接闭合,无需植皮。随访方法大部分为门诊,外地及不方便来院的患者采用电话或微信方式进行。结果本组穿支皮瓣均完全成活,皮瓣供区均顺利愈合。随访时...     

拇指指腹缺损的显微外科修复

目的 探讨含感觉神经的微型皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的临床疗效.方法 2000年2月-2010年3月,采用食指背岛状皮瓣、中指侧方岛状皮瓣、以桡侧指动脉为蒂逆行岛状皮瓣、桡动脉掌浅支为蒂的逆行皮瓣、拇指尺背侧动脉逆行皮瓣、拇指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣、第2趾趾腹皮瓣、？？趾甲皮瓣、大鱼际部浅静脉动脉化逆行皮瓣共9种皮瓣修复重建拇指指腹缺损134例.结果 3例皮瓣坏死,131例成活,6个月～1.5年随访108例,皮瓣外形血供充分,质地柔软,感觉测定S2～S4＋,两点辫别觉6～11mm.结论 采用含感觉神经的微型皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损,对供区影响小、效果佳、为理想的术式选择.     

带感觉神经的桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣重建手指中远节指腹缺损

目的:探讨携带感觉神经的桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣游离修复手指中远节指腹缺损的临床疗效。方法:收集2019年2月至2021年3月,应用游离桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣修复中远节指腹缺损的20例患者病例资料,创面面积为2.0 cm×1.5 cm~4.0 cm×1.5 cm,皮瓣切取面积2.5 cm×2.0 cm~4.5 cm×2....     

逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损

目的评价逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对25例足踝部软组织缺损的患者采用逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复。其中,以腓动脉终末穿支的升支为蒂19例,以其降支为蒂6例。软组织缺损大小10cm×9cm～4cm×3cm,皮瓣面积11cm×9.5cm～6cm×5cm。结果 23例皮瓣完全存活,另2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后植皮修复。皮瓣术后轻度肿胀,无瘀血。术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地优良,蒂部无臃肿。结论以腓动脉穿支为蒂的腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠、质地优良,是修复足、踝软组织缺损的良好选择。     

带血管神经蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的介绍一种修复拇指指腹缺损的新皮瓣.方法设计以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂并带桡神经浅支分支的大鱼际桡侧逆行岛状皮瓣,修复12例拇指指腹缺损患者.皮瓣最大面积为4 cm × 3.2 cm. 结果所有皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3 ～ 19个月,伤指指腹饱满,外形美观,二点分辨觉平均为6.5 mm. 拇指指间关节和掌指关节的活动范围为81.25°和32.31°.结论以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣是修复拇指指腹缺损的理想皮瓣之一.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.