染锰大鼠生精细胞Caspaes-3和Ki-67表达

目的 研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞半胱天冬酶(Caspase-3)和抗霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞核抗体(Ki-67)表达的影响及意义.方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组,15和30 mg/kg MnCl2组,锰与生理盐水均为腹腔注射,1次/d,5 d/周,分别染锰4和6周.用免疫组化法检测睾丸生精细胞Caspase-3与Ki-67表达.结果 与空白对照组比较,各染锰组Caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P<0.01);染锰剂量相同,染锰6周组与4周组比较,Caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P<0.01);染锰时间相同,30 mg/kg MnCl2与15 mg/kg MnCl2组比较,Caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P<0.01).与空白对照组比较,染锰15 mg/kg MnCl24周组Ki-67阳性细胞率降低(P<0.05);染锰30 mg/kg MnCl2 4周组,15 mh/kg MnCl2 6周组,30 mg/kg MnCl2 6周组Ki-67阳性细胞率均显著降低(P<0.01);染锰时间相同,30 mg/kg MnCl2组与15 mg/kg MnCl2组比较,Ki-67阳性细胞率显著降低(P<0.01).各组大鼠生精细胞Caspase-3阳性细胞率与Ki-67阳性细胞率呈明显负相关(r=-0.798,P<0.01),结论染锰15 mg/kg 4周即可促进大鼠生精细胞Caspase-3表达和抑制大鼠生精细胞Ki-67表达,且存在一定的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系,锰的这种双重作用可能是导致大鼠生精障碍的主要机制.     

锰对大鼠生精细胞半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-9和凋亡抑制蛋白表达的影响

为研究锰对大鼠睾丸生精细胞半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-9(caspase-9)、凋亡抑制蛋白(livin)表达的影响,将24只健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为对照(生理盐水)组和15、30 mg/kg氯化锰染毒组,每组8只。采用腹腔注射方式进行染毒,每天1次,每周5 d,连续染毒6周。采用免疫组化SP法检测睾丸生精细胞caspase-9、livin蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,与对照组比较,15、30 mg/kg氯化锰染毒组大鼠睾丸生精细胞caspase-9的阳性细胞率均升高,livin的阳性细胞率均下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且随着氯化锰染毒剂量的升高,大鼠睾丸生精细胞caspase-9的阳性细胞率呈上升趋势,livin的阳性细胞率呈下降趋势。提示锰可通过上调大鼠生精细胞caspase-9表达和下调livin表达诱导生精细胞凋亡。     

锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响

[目的]研究染锰大鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡和caspase-3表达的变化。[方法]雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为6组:空白对照组,15mg/kg、30mg/kgMnCl2组。8只/组。15mg/kg、30mg/kgMnCl2组分别染锰(MnCl2·4H2O)4周和6周,空白对照组给予等容生理盐水(NS),给锰及生理盐水途径均为腹腔注射,5d/周,1次/d,大鼠分别于第4周末和第6周末处死,取睾丸和附睾作以下检测:①检测精子数量;②应用末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记技术(terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI);③免疫组组织化学链酶亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,SABC)法检测生精细胞caspase-3表达。[结果]①与空白对照组比较,各染锰组精子数量均显著降低(P﹤0.05),生精细胞AI均升高(P﹤0.05),caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P﹤0.05)。②染锰剂量相同,染锰6周组与染锰4周组比较,精子数量均显著降低,生精细胞AI与caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P﹤0.05)。③染锰时间相同,30mg/kgMnCl2组与15mg/kgMnCl2组比较,精子数量均显著降低(P﹤0.05),生精细胞AI和caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P﹤0.05)。④各组大鼠精子数量和生精细胞AI呈负相关(r=-0.700,P﹤0.05),和生精细胞caspase-3阳性细胞率呈负相关(r=-0.870,P﹤0.05),生精细胞AI和caspase-3阳性细胞率呈正相关(r=0.855,P﹤0.05)。[结论]过量锰诱发大鼠生精细胞caspase-3高表达,从而导致凋亡增加,精子数量减少,这可能是大鼠生精障碍的主要机制。     

锰诱导的大鼠生精细胞凋亡通路的探索研究

[目的]研究锰对大鼠生精细胞caspase-3表达的影响,探讨锰对大鼠生精细胞caspase-3表达作用的机理.[方法]雄性SD大鼠(体重120±10 g)24只随机分为3组:空白对照组,15 mg/kg和30 mg/kgMnCl2组.8只/组.MnCl2组分别染锰(MnCl2·4H2O)4 w,空白对照组给予等容NS,给药途径均为腹腔注射,5 d/w,1次/d,于第4w末处死,免疫组化(SABC法)法检测睾丸caspase-3和cyto--c表达. [结果]与空白对照组比较,各染锰组cas-pase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高,cyto-c阳性细胞率均显著降低(P＜0.01).染锰时间相同,30 mg/kg MnCl2组与15 mg/kg MnCl2组比较,caspase-3阳性细胞率显著升高,cyto-c阳性细胞率显著降低(P＜0.01).各组caspase-3和cyto-c阳性细胞率呈显著负相关(r=-0.876,P＜0.01). [结论]锰可通过线粒体途径诱发大鼠生精细胞凋亡,且caspase-3的表达随染锰剂量的增加而增加,二者存在一定的剂量-效应关系.     

砷对大鼠生精细胞半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-3表达及血清中黄体生成素浓度的影响

目的研究亚慢性砷中毒对大鼠睾丸生精细胞半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-3(caspase-3)表达及血清黄体生成素(LH)的影响。方法将40只健康成年清洁级SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照组(蒸馏水)组和0.4、2、10 mg/kg亚砷酸钠染毒组,每组10只,采用自由饮水方式进行染毒,连续染毒14周。测定大鼠血清LH浓度及生精细胞caspase-3阳性率。结果与对照组比较,各剂量亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠生精细胞caspase-3阳性率均较高,2、10 mg/kg亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠血清LH浓度均较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01,P0.05);且随着亚砷酸钠暴露剂量的升高,大鼠生精细胞caspase-3阳性率呈上升趋势,血清LH浓度呈下降趋势。结论砷暴露导致的生精细胞caspase-3表达增加可能是其雄性生殖毒性效应的机制之一。     

锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响,探讨锰诱发生精细胞凋亡的机制。方法24只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组。锰染毒组给MnCl2.4H2O(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg)4周,对照组给予生理盐水,各组给药途径为腹腔注射,1次/d,5 d/周。应用原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(TUNEL)技术检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡;免疫组化法检测生精细胞p53和Bcl-2蛋白的表达;化学比色法检测睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果生精细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)在锰染毒15 mg/kg组为(1.05±0.19)%,锰染毒30 mg/kg组为(1.80±0.21)%,均明显高于对照组(0.48±0.01)%(P<0.01);p53阳性细胞率在锰染毒15 mg/kg组为(9.83±1.15)%,锰染毒30 mg/kg组为(18.23±2.15)%,均明显高于对照组(3.72±0.35)%(P<0.01);锰染毒30 mg/kg组Bcl-2阳性细胞率(21.26±2.50)%明显低于对照组(52.46±3.57)%和锰染毒15 mg/kg组(51.34±3.87)%(P<0.01)。锰染毒组睾丸组织SOD、CAT及GSH-Px活力均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论锰诱导的p53高表达、Bcl-2低表达以及抗氧化能力的下降可能是大鼠生精细胞凋亡增加的重要原因之一。     

锰对大鼠生精细胞半胱氨酰天冬氨酸酶-3和细胞色素C表达的影响

目的研究锰对大鼠生精细胞中半胱氨酰天冬氨酸酶-3(caspase-3)和细胞色素C(cytochrome-c)表达的影响。方法将健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠48只随机分为高(30mg/kg)、低剂量(15mg/kg)MnCl2染毒组和空白对照组(生理盐水),每组16只。采用腹腔注射方式染毒,每天1次,每周5天,连续染毒6周。分别于染毒第4、6周末称重,处死大鼠,分离睾丸,采用免疫组化法检测睾丸生精细胞中caspase-3与cytochrome-c的阳性细胞率。并进行病理学观察。结果与空白对照组比较,高、低剂量MnCl2染毒组大鼠生精细胞中caspase-3阳性细胞率均升高,cytochrome-c阳性细胞率均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);且随着锰染毒剂量的升高,大鼠生精细胞中caspase-3阳性细胞率呈上升趋势,cytochrome-c阳性细胞率呈下降趋势。与染锰第4周比较,高、低剂量MnCl2染毒组第6周大鼠生精细胞中caspase-3阳性细胞率均升高,cytochrome-c阳性细胞率均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。直线相关分析发现,各组大鼠生精细胞caspase-3阳性细胞率与cytoc...     

染锰鼠支持细胞波形蛋白表达与精子数量关系

目的探讨染锰鼠支持细胞波形蛋白(vimentin,VM)表达与精子数量关系。方法雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为6组,15,30 mg/kg MnCl2组分别染锰4周和6周,空白对照组给予等溶生理盐水(4,6),腹腔注射;取睾丸和附睾分别检测支持细胞VM表达(免疫组织化学法)和精子数量。结果染锰15,30 mg/kg 4和6周组支持细胞波形蛋白阳性细胞率分别为(30.55±2.33)%,(9.01±2.27)%和(7.62±1.08)%,(2.33±0.63)%;精子数量分别为(0.53±0.11),(0.47±0.06)和(0.26±0.07),(0.23±0.04)×107/mL;与空白对照组比较,各染锰组支持细胞VM阳性细胞率及精子数量均明显降低(P0.01),并呈一定时间-效应和剂量-效应关系;各组大鼠精子数量和支持细胞VM阳性细胞率呈正相关(r=0.895,P0.01)。结论过量锰可诱发支持细胞VM表达降低,导致大鼠精子数量减少,可能是大鼠生精障碍的主要分子机制之一。     

锰对大鼠睾丸抗氧化能力及生精细胞凋亡的影响研究

目的:研究氯化锰对SD大鼠睾丸抗氧化能力和生精细胞凋亡的影响。方法:24只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组。染锰组给予MnCl2.4H2O(15mg/kg、30mg/kg)4周,对照组给予生理盐水,各组给药途径均为腹腔注射,每天1次,每周5天。应用原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记技术检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡;化学比色法检测睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。结果:生精细胞凋亡指数染锰组明显高于对照组,且随染锰剂量的增加而升高(P<0.01);睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均染锰组明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:锰诱导的抗氧化能力下降可能是大鼠生精细胞凋亡增加的重要原因之一。     

锰对大鼠生精上皮细胞色素C和波形蛋白表达及对生精功能的抑制效应

目的 研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞细胞色素C(cytochrome-c,cyto-c)和支持细胞波形蛋白(vimentin,VM)表达的影响及对生精功能的抑制效应.方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照、低剂量和高剂量组,8只/组.MnCl2组分别染锰4和6周,空白对照组给予等容生理盐水,给药途径均为腹腔注射,取睾丸采用免疫组织化学(SABC)法检测生精细胞cyto-c和支持细胞VM表达,测定睾丸脏器系数,取附睾检测精子数量和精子畸形率.结果 与空白对照组比较,各染锰组生精细胞cyto-c阳性率由80％下降至60％,VM阳性率由50％下降至2％,睾丸脏器系数由1.2％下降至1％,精子数量由1.1×107ml下降至0.2×107/ml,精子畸形率由28‰上升至64‰,且均呈一定的时间-效应关系和剂量-效应关系.各组大鼠精子数量与cyto-c和VM阳性率均呈正相关.结论 锰可诱导大鼠cyto-c和VM表达,抑制生精功能.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.