肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤

为了探讨肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的疗效，对１９６０～１９９６年收治的２７例肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤（ＡＲＭＭ）进行了临床分析，其中１６例行经腹会阴联合根治术（Ｍｉｌｅ＇ｓ术），６例行局部切除术，５例行剖腹探查术。２２例获随访，随访时间为１～１２年。结果表明：中位生存时间Ｍｉｌｅ＇ｓ术组２１．５月、局部切除术组１３．５月、剖腹探查术组７．０月。Ｍｉｌｅ＇ｓ术效果优于局部切除术。提示：对ＡＲＭＭ应行Ｍｉｌｅ＇ｓ术，并对伴有腹股沟淋巴结转移或可疑者行腹股沟淋巴结清扫     

保留单侧植物神经的直肠癌根治术4例报告

４例均为男性，年龄４２～６９岁，病灶均为Ｒｂ段，属ＤｕｋｅｓＢ期的中分化腺癌，均行Ｍｉｌｅｓ术，病灶侧行扩大根治，对侧行保留同侧植物神经的扩大根治术。术后随访２．５年。术后３～６天拔除尿管，２～４个月恢复性功能，３个月则恢复日常工作，目前均无局部复发...     

全盆腔脏器联合半骨盆切除治疗局部进展期直肠癌

全盆腔脏器联合半骨盆切除治疗局部进展期直肠癌万远廉，刘玉村，马忠泰，方志伟患者男，３３岁。因直肠癌行Ｍｉｌｅｓ术后３年，骶、会阴部及右下肢进行性疼痛９个月，诊断为直肠癌复发，于１９９４年７月２８日入院。患者３年前因直肠癌行Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术，术后９个月开...     

睾丸附件横纹肌肉瘤六例报告

报告睾丸附件横纹肌肉瘤６例，全部患者均行根治性睾丸切除、精索高位结扎术，术后４例行放疗和化疗，２例单纯化疗。随访结果３例术后２、３．５、５．５年死亡，其余生存８个月到１１年未见肿瘤复发和转移。本文结合文献复习，重点讨论了本病的诊断和治疗。     

Miles术后“弹簧式”会阴造口术的疗效观察——附6例分析

本文对６例低位直肠癌Ｍｉｌｅｓ术后将乙状结肠拉至会阴部行“弹簧式”会阴造口术进行了疗效观察，随访调查表明：术后３－８个月内，６例患者均不同程度的恢复了便意及类似括约肌功能，每日排便可控制在２－３次之间，提高了患者的生存质量。因此，认为“弹簧式”会阴造口术效果良好，值得推广。     

诺维本加阿霉素在局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用

目的：了解诺维本加阿霉素的新辅助化疗方案在局部晚期乳腺癌综合治疗中的作用。方法：３１例Ⅱｂ至Ⅲｂ期的乳腺癌病人,术前均经病理或细胞学检查证实。中位年龄４８岁,化疗用药为ＮＶＢ ４０ｍｇ ｄ１,８＋ＡＤＭ ４０ｍｇ ｄｌ,每３周为一疗程,术前用药２疗程,评估新辅助化疗后肿瘤的缓解情况和随访长期生存率。结果：本组总体化疗有效率为６７．７％,肿瘤原发灶完全缓解（ＣＲ）１例,部分缓解（ＰＲ）２０例,无变化（ＳＤ）１０例;腋淋巴结临床ＣＲ１２例,ＰＲ１４例,ＳＤ５例。术后中位随访期３６个月,术后死亡６例,复发９例,健在１６例。结论：诺维本加阿霉素的联合术前化疗能使局部晚期乳腺癌的原发灶和腋淋巴结缩小,肿瘤降期,亦能减少肿瘤复发和远处转移,且不良反应较轻。     

阴囊基底细胞癌诊治分析

目的 探讨阴囊基底细胞癌的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析7例阴囊基底细胞癌患者的资料.患者平均年龄66(50～74)岁.主要症状为阴囊皮肤出现斑块或结节伴瘙痒,病程1～20年.肿瘤最大径1.5～4.5cm.5例曾误诊为湿疹或皮炎.7例均经活检确诊,均无远处转移.7例均行肿瘤广泛切除术治疗.结果 7例术后病理检查见肿瘤为基底样细胞和间质组成的团块,标本切缘均为阴性.1例术后21个月发生左腹股沟淋巴结转移,行双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.术后随访36个月无瘤生存.1例术后48个月出现双肺转移,予环磷酰胺+表阿霉素+顺铂联合方案化疗6个疗程,获得完全缓解.化疗结束后13个月无瘤生存.其余5例术后未行辅助放、化疗,随访14～72个月均无瘤生存.结论阴囊基底细胞癌临床罕见.手术广泛切除肿瘤有可能获得治愈.部分患者在术后数年会发生转移,术后需要长期随访.     

免疫抑制方案对肾移植并发慢性病毒性肝炎预后的影响

１９９１至１９９４年４月中山医科大学附一医院共完成１０１例肾移植。随访时间２８．６±９．６个月。术前供受者淋巴细胞毒性试验阴性。术中及术后２天，每日用甲基泼尼松龙（ＭＰ）０．２５～０．５ｇ，同时选用二联或三联免疫抑制方案。三联方案为泼尼松（Ｐｒｅｄ）、硫唑嘌呤（Ａｚａ）加环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）；Ａｚａ于术前１天开始用１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１；Ｐｒｅｄ于术后第３天开始３０ｍｇ／ｄ，３个月后开始减量，一年后减为１０ｍｇ／ｄ；ＣｓＡ一般术后第３天开始５～８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１。二联方案为Ｐｒｅｄ加ＣｓＡ…     

手术治疗阴囊淋巴瘘

为探讨阴囊淋巴瘘的外科治疗方法，自１９８０年～１９９４年，采用术前、术后抗丝虫治疗，手术行阴囊大部切除及重建，淋巴管结扎，腹股沟淋巴结—大隐静脉吻合术治疗阴囊淋巴瘘１５例，其中合并乳糜尿２例。术后随访６个月～３年，平均随访１４．５个月，疗效满意。认为，腹股沟淋巴结—大隐静脉吻合术是治疗阴囊淋巴瘘和乳糜尿，重建淋巴回流通路的一种既简单又安全有效的方法。     

盆脏切除Ⅰ期原位肛门重建术

目的：报道ＤｕｋｅｓＣＤ期直肠癌,扩大根治,盆腔脏器切除术后,原位肛门、阴道重建,方法：６例ＣＤ期（Ｔ３Ｎ３Ｍ０）直肠癌,行直肠、子宫及附件（或膀胱、前列腺）阴道、肛门切除,原位肛门阴道重建。结果：随访１至５年,排便功能优５例,便秘１例,性功能恢复５例。１年内死亡１例,３年死亡２例,５年死亡２例。结论：直肠癌邻近脏器浸润,无明显远处转移而拒绝Ｍｉｌｅｓ术及单纯腹壁造瘘者,行盆腔脏器切除,原位肛门重建,可提高生存期内的生活质量。     

Effects of vitamin D compounds on renal and intestinal Ca2+ transport proteins in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D compounds are used clinically to control secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to renal failure. Newer vitamin D compounds retain the suppressive action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the parathyroid glands and may have less Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity, offering potentially safer therapies. METHODS: This study investigated the effect of a single dose of compound (1,25(OH)(2)D(3), 1,24(OH)(2)D(2), or 1alpha(OH)D(2)) on renal and intestinal Ca(2+) transport proteins, including TRPV5 and TRPV6, and serum Ca(2+), in a novel SHPT model, the 25-OH-D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mouse, which lacks endogenous 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and is severely hypocalcemic. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with compound (100 ng/mouse). RESULTS: Serum levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 1,24(OH)(2)D(2) peaked at four hours post-injection (pi), then declined rapidly. 1,25(OH)(2)D(2) generated from 1alpha(OH)D(2) peaked at 12 hours pi and then remained stable. Serum Ca(2+) was increased to near-normal within four hours by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 1,24(OH)(2)D(2), and within 12 hours by 1alpha(OH)D(2). 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 1,24(OH)(2)D(2) up-regulated duodenal TRPV5 and TRPV6 mRNA to a similar degree within four hours; mRNA levels decreased by 12 hours after 1,24(OH)(2)D(2) treatment, and by 24 hours after 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) increased kidney levels of TRPV5, calbindin-D(28K), and calbindin-D(9K) mRNA within four hours; 1,24(OH)(2)D(2) did not change kidney TRPV5 levels and modestly increased calbindin D(9K) by 48 hours. 1alpha(OH)D(2) produced later-onset effects, increasing duodenal TRPV6 and calbindin-D(9K) mRNA levels by 12 hours and TRPV5 by 48 hours. CONCLUSION: In kidney, 1alpha(OH)D(2) increased TRPV5, calbindin-D(28K), and calbindin-D(9K) mRNA levels by 12 hours. This study indicates that Ca(2+) transport proteins, including TRPV5 and TRPV6, are differentially up-regulated by vitamin D compounds.     

Investigation of serotonin receptors in the isolated penile bulb of rats

The aim of this study was to investigate serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the penile bulb, which have been suggested to play a role in penile erection. Serotonin (10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) M) contracted penile bulbs in a concentration-dependent manner. Ketanserin (5-HT(2A) antagonist, 10(-9)-10(-7) M) and prazosin (alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor blocker, 10(-9)-10(-7) M) suppressed the lower and upper parts of concentration-response curves to 5-HT, respectively. Guanethidine (adrenergic neuron blocker, 5 x 10(-5) M) reduced the responses to 5-HT at only 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4) M concentrations. NAN-190 (5-HT(1A) antagonist, 10(-8), 10(-7) M) shifted the concentration-response curve to the right with a reduction in the maximum response to 5-HT. While ondansetron (5-HT(3) antagonist, 10(-6)-10(-5) M) and GR55562 (5-HT(1B/1D) antagonist, 10(-6)-10(-5) M) had no effect on the concentration-response curve to 5-HT. The 5-HT(1A) agonist 8-OH-DPAT (10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) M) contracted penile bulbs in a concentration-dependent manner with a lower pD(2) value than that of 5-HT. Sumatriptan (5-HT(1B/1D) agonist, 10(-8)-10(-4) M) did not produce any contractile response in the penile bulbs. Prucalopride, a selective 5-HT(4) agonist (R093877, 10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation in penile bulbs contracted by phenylephrine (10(-5) M). 5-HT(4) agonists cisapride (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and metoclopramide (10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) M) also relaxed the tissue, concentration-dependently. Selective 5-HT(4) antagonists GR125487 (10(-6)-10(-5) M) and GR113808 (10(-6)-10(-5) M) slightly, but not significantly, decreased prucalopride- and cisapride-induced relaxation. Propranolol (beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, 10(-6)-10(-5) M) and L-NOARG (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 10(-4) M) had no effect on prucalopride-induced relaxation. These results suggest the existence of alpha(1)-adrenergic, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) serotonergic receptors in the penile bulb of rats, which are responsible for 5-HT-induced contraction. Additionally, a serotonergic receptor resembling a 5-HT(4)-type plays a role in the relaxation. The latter receptor is activated by 5-HT(4) agonists, but is not antagonized by 5-HT(4) antagonists.     

Pre-operative sildenafil and pulmonary endothelial-related complications following cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomised trial in children undergoing cardiac surgery

In a randomised trial, we compared the effects of oral sildenafil (0.5 mg.kg(-1) ) and placebo, administered the day before cardiac surgery, in 24 children. In sildenafil vs placebo patients, pre-cardiopulmonary bypass median (IQR [range]) cyclic-guanosine-monophosphate was not significantly different (29.9 (2.1-208.1 [0.5-391.5]) vs 5.2 (0.3-54.6 [0-628.9]) pmol.ml(-1) , respectively). Post-cardiopulmonary bypass, nitrate/nitrite levels were also not significantly different (0.7 (0-8.0 [0-142.8]) vs 0 (0-2.7 [0-52.7]) μM, respectively). Postoperatively, mean (SD) pulmonary vascular resistance (2.64 (2.28) vs 1.90 (1.12) WU.m(-2) , respectively and oxygenation index (5.29 (4.60) vs 3.38 (2.54), respectively) remained unchanged, whilst oxygen delivery (57.18 (21.24) vs 74.13 (35.46) ml.min(-1) .m(-2) , respectively) and bi-ventricular systolic function (left ventricle 3.78 (0.94) vs 4.55 (1.08) cm.s(-1) , respectively; p=0.002; right ventricle 6.93 (1.47) vs 8.09 (2.25) cm.s(-1) , respectively; p<0.001) were significantly reduced in the sildenafil group. In this trial, pre-operative sildenafil did not affect postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance. There was, however, a negative impact on ventricular function and oxygenation.     

两个时期肾结核的临床比较

目的：探讨近年来肾结核的流行病学和临床变化趋势.方法：对收治的842例肾结核患者,以1980年底为界,分为先期组和近期组进行临床比较.结果：两组患者分别：占同期泌尿外科住院人数的8.74%和1.95%（P＜0.05）;就诊年龄中位数为28岁、38岁;病程平均为33.6个月、45.9个月.尿频91.1%,66.0%;血尿82.6%、64.7%;伴发肺结核18.4%、12.3%;伴发膀胱结核37.2%、19.6%;伴发附睾结核47.0%、36.6%（以上各项均P＜0.05）;IVU检查阳性率分别为90.0%、85.9%.结论：肾结核发病率近年来明显下降,其典型临床表现比例降低,不典型肾结核病例呈明显增加趋势.     

内镜超声检查和多层螺旋CT对胃癌术前T、N分期的比较研究

目的探讨内镜超声(endoscopicultrasonography,EUS)与多层螺旋CT(multi slicespiralCT,MSCT)在胃癌术前T、N分期中的临床应用价值。方法2000年10月至2002年5月,对89例活检证实的胃癌病人术前分别行内镜超声和多层螺旋CT检查,并与手术病理结果对照。结果EUS对胃癌术前T分期的准确率为75.6%,其中T176.5%,T268.8%,T384.4%,T464.7%;MSCT分别79.3%,58.8%,62.5%,90.6%和94.1%。两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EUS对胃癌术前N分期的准确率为57.5%,其中N095.8%,N145.8%,N232.0%;MSCT分别78.1%,70.8%,75.0%和88.0%。EUS和MSCT对胃癌淋巴结转移的敏感性分别为61.2%和91.8%。EUS对N0分期的准确率显著高于MSCT(P<0.05),MSCT对N和N2分期的准确率及淋巴结转移的敏感性均显著高于EUS(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01)。结论内镜超声检查与多层螺旋CT对胃癌术前TN分期均有较高的准确性。     

Mineral metabolism and arterial functions in end-stage renal disease: potential role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency

In ESRD, arterial function is abnormal, characterized by decreased capacitive function (arterial stiffening) and reduced conduit function, shown by diminished flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The pathophysiology of these abnormalities is not clear, and this cross-sectional study analyzed possible relationships among arterial alterations and cardiovascular risk factors, including mineral metabolism parameters, such as serum parathormone, and vitamin D "nutritional" and "hormonal" status by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D(3)] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] levels. Aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity), brachial artery (BA) distensibility (echotracking; n = 42), BA FMD (hand-warming; n = 37), and arterial calcification scores (echography and plain x-rays) were measured in 52 stable and uncomplicated patients who were on hemodialysis. 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) serum levels were low and weakly correlated (r = 0.365, P < 0.05). After adjustment for BP and age, multivariate analyses indicated that 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) were negatively correlated with aortic pulse wave velocity (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with BA distensibility (P < 0.01) and FMD (P < 0.001). Arterial calcification scores were not independently associated with 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) serum concentrations. These results suggest that nutritional vitamin D deficiency and low 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) could be associated with arteriosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients who have ESRD and are on hemodialysis.     

免疫抑制剂对嗜铬细胞瘤12细胞和L929细胞增殖的影响

目的 初步探讨多种免疫抑制剂对嗜铬细胞瘤12（pheochromocytoma 12，PC12）细胞和L929细胞增殖的影响。方法 对数生长期PC12细胞和L929细胞传代，取细胞株复苏后第3代细胞均以1×10^6／ml密度接种于培养板中，分别加入10、10、10^-7和10^8mol／L环孢菌素A（cyclosporin A，CsA），10^-6、10^-7、10^-8和10^-9mol／LFK506以及10^-3、10^-4、10^-6和10^-8mol／L甲基强地松龙，并设立空白对照组。于培养24、48和72h后，取各浓度药物作用的细胞，采用MTT法检测细胞增殖。结果 高浓度（10mol／L）甲基强地松龙和较低浓度（10^-8～10^-7mol／L）CsA，在给药后48h内对PCI2细胞增殖有明显促进作用，此后促增殖作用不明显；而各个浓度的FK506均无促进PCI2细胞增殖的作用。高浓度甲基强地松龙（10^-3mol／L）和CsA（10^-6～10mol／L）作用24h后，对L929细胞增殖有显著抑制作用，FK506仅在较高浓度（10^-6mol／L）有一过性（仅出现于给药后48h）促进L929细胞增殖的作用。结论 10^-3mol／L甲基强地松龙和10^-8～10^-7mol／LCsA能够在短时间内促进PC12细胞增殖，而10^-3mol／L甲基强地松龙和10^-6～10^-5mol／L CsA对L929细胞增殖有显著抑制作用。     

Diabetic LDL triggers apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells

This study compares the effects of LDL glycated either in vitro (LDL(iv)) or in vivo in diabetic patients (LDL(D)) on apoptosis, proliferation, and associated protein expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. At 100 mg/l, both LDL species considerably increase apoptosis (LDL(iv) 63%, LDL(D) 40%; P < 0.05) compared with intraindividual nonglycated LDL subfractions. Considering its lower degree of glycation (LDL(D) 5-10%, LDL(iv) 42%), LDL(D)'s relative proapoptotic activity is 2.7-fold greater than that of LDL(iv). Glycated LDL-induced apoptosis is associated with increased expression of apoptosis promotors (LDL(iv): bak 88%, CPP-32 49%; LDL(D): bak 18%, CPP-32 11%; P < 0.05) and is attenuated by caspase inhibitors. Glycated LDL's antiproliferative activity (LDL(iv) -34%, LDL(D) -9%; P < 0.01) relates to reduction (P < 0.05) of cyclin D3 (LDL(iv) -27%, LDL(D) -24%) and of hypo- (LDL(iv) -22%, LDL(D) -19%) and hyperphosphorylated (LDL(iv) -53%, LDL(D) -22%) retinoblastoma protein and is paralleled by reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (LDL(iv) -30%, LDL(D) -23%). In response to lipoprotein lipase, LDL(D) more markedly triggers endothelial apoptosis (27.1-fold) compared with LDL(iv), suggesting that LDL(D) owns a higher potential for endothelial cell damage than LDL(iv). The observed behavior of LDL(D) versus LDL(iv) could be of clinical importance and well relate to differences in structure and cellular uptake of LDL(D) compared with LDL(iv).     

Differential effects of lidocaine and mexiletine on relaxations to ATP-sensitive K+ channel openers in rat aortas

BACKGROUND: In cardiac myocytes, lidocaine reduces but mexiletine increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ currents, suggesting that these class Ib antiarrhythmic drugs may differentially modify the activity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The effects of lidocaine and mexiletine on arterial relaxations induced by K+ channel openers have not been studied. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate whether lidocaine and mexiletine may produce changes in relaxations to the ATP-sensitive K+ channel openers cromakalim and pinacidil in isolated rat thoracic aortas. METHODS: Rings of rat thoracic aortas without endothelia were suspended for isometric force recording. Concentration-response curves were obtained in a cumulative fashion. During submaximal contractions to phenylephrine (3 x 10(-7) M), relaxations to cromakalim (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-5) M), pinacidil (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-5) M), or diltiazem (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-4) M) were obtained. Lidocaine (10(-5) to 3 x 10(-4) M), mexiletine (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) or glibenclamide (5 x 10(-6) M) was applied 15 min before addition of phenylephrine. RESULTS: During contractions to phenylephrine, cromakalim and pinacidil induced concentration-dependent relaxations. A selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist, glibenclamide (5 x 10(-6) M), abolished these relaxations, whereas it did not alter relaxations to a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel inhibitor, diltiazem (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-4) M). Lidocaine (more than 10(-5) M) significantly reduced relaxations to cromakalim or pinacidil in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas lidocaine (3 x 10(-4) M) did not affect relaxations to diltiazem. In contrast, mexiletine (more than 10(-5) M) significantly augmented relaxations to cromakalim or pinacidil. Glibenclamide (5 x 10(-6) M) abolished relaxations to cromakalim or pinacidil in arteries treated with mexiletine (10(-4) M). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lidocaine impairs but mexiletine augments vasodilation mediated by ATP-sensitive K+ channels in smooth muscle cells.     

Vascular injuries in the urban battleground: experience at a metropolitan trauma center

The increasing frequency and severity of urban violence and vehicular injuries have brought with them a rise in the number of complex vascular injuries. To examine the cause, incidence, management, and outcome of this problem, we created a vascular trauma registry which includes all such cases treated at a Level I metropolitan trauma center over the past nine years. This constitutes a summary report of that registry. During the period 1979-1988, 411 patients (355 men, 56 women) with 478 vascular injuries were treated. There were 18 deaths (4%). Primary diagnosis was grouped by anatomic region: (1) head and neck vessels, 62 (15%); (2) thoracic, 39 (10%); (3) abdominal and pelvic, 63 (15%); (4) upper extremity, 161 (39%); and (5) lower extremity, 86 (21%). Surgery was required in 241 cases (60%). Operative techniques consisted of ligation or resection in 26 (12%) and direct repair in 212 (88%). Associated procedures included: (1) laparotomy (n = 83); (2) craniotomy (n = 4); (3) thoracotomy (n = 49); (4) orthopedic procedures (n = 118); and (5) peripheral neurological repair (n = 70). Mechanisms of injury were: (1) gunshot wounds (32%); (2) stab wounds (45%); (3) motor vehicle accidents (18%); (4) fall (3%); and (5) other mechanisms (2%). We conclude: (1) vascular injuries were found frequently in the severely injured patient; (2) multiple vascular repairs were required in a significant proportion of these patients; and (3) outcome is dependent more upon associated trauma than on the vascular injuries themselves.