颈内动脉支架置入对重度颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能的影响

目的观察颈内动脉支架置入术(CAS)对颈内动脉狭窄患者认知功能的影响。方法对67例颈内动脉狭窄患者行支架置入术,分别于术前及术后1、3、6、12个月进行MMSE、ADL、RVR、DS量表评分。结果患者均成功置入支架,无并发症发生。随访1、3、6个月时,患者的MMSE、ADL、RVR、DS评分逐步增加,且随着时间的延长改善明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有60名患者成功进行了12个月的随访。随访12个月的患者其认知功能较6个月时无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论颈动脉支架置入术后患者的认知功能不断提高,但在术后6～12个月的过程中,患者的认知功能停留在一定的程度保持不变。     

无症状性颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能障碍的特点

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）在无症状性颈动脉狭窄（ACS）患者中筛查认知功能障碍者的作用及ACS认知功能障碍的神经心理学特点。方法前瞻性连续纳入72例符合研究标准的患者,按CT血管造影（CTA）显示颈动脉狭窄程度（〉150％或〈50％）分为ACS组和对照组各36例,采用MoCA和简易精神状态量表（MMSE）对患者进行认知评估。比较两组MoCA总分、各子项目评分和MMSE评分。结果①两组基线学特征和血管性危险因素差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。ACS组采用MoCA法检测认知功能障碍的阳性率（80．6％）高于MMSE法（13．9％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．叭）,对照组采用MoCA法检测认知功能障碍的阳性率（38．9％）高于MMSE法（5．6％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。②ACS组MoCA总分中位数低于对照组[21．5（10－29）和25（14～28）,P=0．001]。ACS组与对照组各子项目评分显示,执行能力[0（0～1）和1（0～1）,P：0．004]、视空间功能[3（0－4）和3．5（0～4）,P=0．004]、注意力[5（2～6）和6（4～6）,P=0．001]、延迟回忆[2（0～5）和3（0～5）,P=0．038],差异均有统计学意义。结论MoCA比MMSE可更灵敏地检测出无痴呆ACS患者的认知功能障碍。以MoCA为测评工具,无痴呆ACS患者认知功能障碍的神经心理学特点以执行能力、视空间功能、注意力及延迟回忆受损为主。     

颈动脉支架置入后支架内再狭窄

颈动脉支架置入术已成为颈动脉狭窄的有效治疗方法之一.支架内再狭窄是影响颈动脉支架置入术远期效果的主要原因之一,也是影响患者预后的重要因素.支架内再狭窄的监测、预防和治疗始终是临床上的一大难题.文章就近年来支架内再狭窄的相关研究进展做了综述.     

颈动脉狭窄患者血管性认知功能障碍的临床研究

目的通过对不同程度颈动脉狭窄（ACS）患者进行认知功能评价,观察严重ACS患者术后认知功能的变化,探讨ACS与血管性认知功能障碍（VC1）的相关性。方法将94例ACS患者依照ACS程度分为完全闭塞及轻度、中度、重度狭窄,分别采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）及简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）对各组患者进行比较,并观察16例颈动脉严重狭窄患者术后认知功能变化,分析ACS与VCI的相关性。结果ACS患者MoCA评分、MMSE评分较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）;不同程度ACS组间MoCA评分、MMSE评分,两两比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;颈动脉严重狭窄患者手术前后MoCA评分、MMSE评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,对照组治疗前后MoCA评分、MMSE评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,且手术后6个月ACS患者MoCA评分、MMSE评分优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论ACS可造成VCI,且随着狭窄程度加重而加重,严重ACS手术干预可改善VC1。     

不同类型颈动脉狭窄与血管性认知功能障碍的相关性

<正>多数研究显示颈动脉狭窄(ACS)患者有认知功能受损,甚至有发生血管性痴呆(VD)的风险,而ACS是可干预和治疗的〔1,2〕。本文评价不同类型ACS患者的认知功能。1资料与方法1.1研究对象2008年8月至2011年12月我院神经内科门诊及住院ACS患者79例为ACS组,年龄52⁷8岁,平均66.5岁。男45例,女34例,均经颈动脉超声及颈部磁共振血管造     

颈动脉支架置入治疗缺血性脑血管病10例

目的探讨颈动脉支架置入术治疗缺血性脑血管病在预防和延迟致死性脑中风发生、发展中的作用。方法采用Seldinger技术经股动脉置管行主动脉弓、颈动脉、椎动脉、颅内血管造影,在狭窄的颈动脉段置入自膨式支架。结果所有支架置入位置准确,释放后复查造影显示颈动脉狭窄段血管不同程度较前扩张,颅内血液灌注量较前增多,无一例死亡。结论颈动脉支架置入术治疗缺血性脑血管病是一种安全、有效的新方法。     

支架置入对颈动脉重度狭窄患者认知功能障碍的影响

颈动脉粥样硬化所导致的颈动脉狭窄（carotid artery stenosis,CAS）不仅是缺血性脑血管疾病的独立危险因素,而且严重的CAS可能还与认知功能受损相关。有研究显示,轻度认知功能障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）是可     

颈动脉支架成形术对颈动脉重度狭窄患者的治疗效果及认知功能影响

<正>双侧颈动脉可提供大脑70%的血液供应，对脑部供血起着重要作用^[1-2]。一旦发生颈动脉狭窄，后果较为严重。患者颈动脉狭窄后出现的临床症状与其狭窄程度、斑块的稳定性及脑部的侧支循环建立等具有相关性^[3-4]。多项临床研究证实颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA）对颈动脉狭窄的治疗安全有效，颈动脉支架成形术（CAS）治疗颈动脉夹层和颈动脉狭窄等均取得一定疗效^[5-6]。目前CAS已成为临床治疗颈动脉狭窄及粥样硬化的重要干预手段，     

社区老年轻度认知功能障碍患者的认知损害特点

目的 探讨社区老年轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者的认知损害特点.方法 采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)等对1 578例社区老年人进行MCI的筛查和医学诊断,利用MoCA分析确诊的229例MCI患者的认知损害特点.结果 社区老年MCI患者MoCA各认知域障碍发生率按从高到低的顺序依次是:延迟回忆97.82％、视空间与执行功能95.63％、抽象83.84％、注意63.76％、命名43.67％、语言40.61％、定向19.65％.MoCA各认知域得分与总分均呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),按照相关系数r从高到低排序,依次是延迟回忆0.528、视空间与执行功能0.489、注意0.454、语言0.401、抽象0.333、命名0.228、定向0.221.多元线性逐步回归分析显示,文化程度、年龄和经济状况与MoCA总分有线性回归关系(F=17.091,P=0.000).结论 社区老年MCI患者存在多认知域的损害,但各认知域受损并非均等程度,其中以延迟回忆、视空间与执行功能、注意能力等认知域损害较普遍和突出.文化程度、年龄和经济状况可能是预测MCI患者转归及预后的重要因素.     

颈动脉支架置入术对重度颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能的影响

目的:探讨颈动脉支架置入术(carotid artery stenting, CAS)对重度颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能的影响。方法:连续选取2019年1月至2020年12月在亳州市人民医院神经内科就诊的重度(狭窄程度≥70%)颈动脉狭窄患者。根据治疗方案不同,将所有患者分为CAS组和对照组。CAS组接受CAS联合最佳药物治...     

Effects of carotid artery stenting on cognitive impairment in patients with severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis

The effect of carotid artery stenting and medication on improvement of cognitive function in patients with severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis is unknown. To investigate the effect of stenting compared with medication alone for severe carotid atherosclerotic stenosis on cognitive impairment. Patients with carotid stenosis and cognitive impairment were prospectively randomly divided into 2 groups of stenting or medication alone. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination, and Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (BI). Continuous data in normal distribution were tested with the t-test but with the Mann-Whitney U test if not in normal distribution. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentages and tested with the Fisher exact test. A P value < .05 was regarded as statistical significant. Carotid artery stenting was successfully performed in all patients (100%) in the stenting group. Compared with before treatment, the Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA and BI scores at 6 months in the medication alone group and at 1, 3, and 6 months in the stenting group were significantly (P < .005) improved. The stenting group had significantly (P < .05) better scores than the medication alone group at the same time. At 6-month follow-up, the visuospatial/executive functions (3.69 ± 1.42 vs 2.42 ± 1.23), attention (5.24 ± 1.52 vs 3.63 ± 1.47), and language (2.64 ± 0.71 vs 1.96 ± 0.69) were significantly (P < .05) improved in the stenting group compared with the medication alone group. Carotid artery stenting may significantly improve cognitive impairment and neurological function compared with medication alone in patients with severe carotid atherosclerotic stenosis concurrent with cognitive impairment.     

Safety of carotid artery stenting for symptomatic carotid artery disease: a meta-analysis.

AIMS: Clinical trials comparing carotid artery stenting (CAS) with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease have produced conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate currently available data by comparing CAS with CEA in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, Current Contents, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and scientific meeting abstracts up to 31 October 2006 and then calculated summary risk ratios (RRs) for mortality, stroke, disabling stroke, and death using random- and fixed-effect models. Data from five trials with 2122 patients were pooled. There was no difference in risk of 30-day mortality (summary RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22-1.47, P = 0.25), stroke (summary RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.67-4.00, P = 0.34), disabling stroke (summary RR 1.67, 95% CI 0.50-5.62, P = 0.50), death and stroke (summary RR 1.54, 95% CI 0.81-2.92, P = 0.19), or death and disabling stroke (summary RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.57-2.51, P = 0.64) among patients randomized to CAS, compared with CEA. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences could be identified between CAS and CEA in the treatment of patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to compare the two strategies.     

Peri-procedural outcome of series of 104 carotid artery stenting procedures

BackgroundManagement of carotid artery stenosis is considered an important strategy for stroke prevention. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been introduced as an acceptable alternative to surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.ObjectiveAssessment of peri-procedural outcome of CAS in 104 consecutive procedures.MethodsThe study included 104 consecutive CAS procedures. Included patients had ⩾50% ICA stenosis in the symptomatic group and ⩾70% stenosis in the asymptomatic group. Procedures were performed in cath. labs of Catania and Ragusa hospitals-Italy.ResultsIncluded procedures were done in 100 consecutive eligible patients with ICA stenosis. Four patients had undergone CAS procedures in both sides in 2 separate sessions. Patients were 71 males and 29 females, mean age was 71.9 ± 7.85 years, and 21 patients were ⩾80 years old (octogenarians). The majority of patients had asymptomatic ICA stenosis (76%) and was diagnosed accidentally during medical checkup. Twenty-four patients had symptomatic ICA stenosis (ipsilateral TIA or stroke). Technical success was obtained in 103 procedures (99%). Embolic protection devices were used in all succeeded cases. Combined cerebrovascular events had occurred in 5 patients with estimated rate = 4.8%. No cases of amaurosis fugax, MI or death had occurred. Adverse events was 4.1% in the symptomatic group and 1.3% in the asymptomatic group with no significant statistical difference (P = 0.064).ConclusionCAS with EPDs seems a feasible and safe procedure and could be performed with an acceptable rate of periprocedural adverse events.     

Cerebral microemboli and neurocognitive change after carotid artery stenting with different embolic protection devices

Objectives

Proximal cerebral protection devices have been developed as an alternative to filter protection devices for reducing neurological complications during carotid artery stenting (CAS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of silent cerebral embolism after CAS using different cerebral embolic protection devices and the impact of silent cerebral embolism on neurocognitive function.

Methods

One hundred consecutive patients who underwent CAS were enrolled. The patients were randomized to either proximal balloon occlusion or filter protection. Neurocognitive tests were performed before and six months after CAS. Cerebral embolisms were evaluated with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI).

Results

The number and volume of new ischemic lesions found with DW-MRI were higher in the filter protection group than in the proximal balloon occlusion group. According to our definition, nine (21%) patients in the balloon occlusion group and 16 (36%) patients in the filter protection group showed neurocognitive decline, and ten (23%) patients in the balloon occlusion group and four (9%) patients in the filter protection group showed neurocognitive improvement (NS). Regarding the group of patients with new cerebral ischemic lesions on DW-MRI, neurocognitive decline occurred in 14 (31%) of 45 patients with DW-MRI lesions and 11 (26%) of 43 patients without DW-MRI lesions (NS).

Conclusion

Neurocognitive outcome after CAS is unpredictable; both neurocognitive decline and improvement can occur. In this study, the proximal balloon occlusion system significantly decreased cerebral microemboli during CAS compared to filter protection. Cerebral microembolism was not found to be associated with neurocognitive decline.     

无症状性颈内动脉中重度狭窄及支架置入对患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨颈内动脉狭窄对患者认知功能的影响及颈内动脉支架置入对认知功能的改善作用。方法回顾性分析兰州军区兰州总医院神经内科2007年5月—2013年6月经全脑血管造影诊断的无症状性颈内动脉C1段狭窄患者92例的资料,其中中度狭窄49例和重度狭窄43例(支架置入31例),评估纳入患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分以及支架置入后3个月Mo CA评分的改善情况。结果 (1)重度狭窄组Mo CA评分低于中度狭窄组[(22.6±2.9)分比(27.4±2.3)分,P0.01],Mo CA评分26分的患者占83.7%(36/43),明显高于中度狭窄组的22.4%(11/49),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)在重度狭窄组中,术前Mo CA评分支架治疗组[(22.9±3.0)分]与未置入支架组[(21.9±2.4)分]比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);支架置入术后3个月支架治疗组Mo CA评分[(25.4±2.7)分]明显高于未行支架治疗组[(22.2±2.8)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.01);支架置入治疗后Mo CA评分26分者的比例(48.4%,15/31)明显低于未置入支架者(83.3%,10/12,P=0.037)。结论颈内动脉重度狭窄可造成认知功能减退,颈内动脉支架置入术有利于颈动脉重度狭窄患者的认知功能改善。     

滤网保护系统在颈动脉支架置入术中应用的早期经验(附4例报告)

目的　评估在颈动脉支架植入术 (carotidarterystenting,CAS)中应用滤网保护系统 (An gioguardXP)的可行性和安全性。方法　从 2 0 0 2年 6月到 7月 ,共对 4名男性患者的 4个病变进行了滤网系统 (AngioguardXP ,Cordis)保护下的CAS ,入选条件为颈动脉靶病变狭窄≥ 70 % ,且无CAS及滤网放置禁忌证。手术前后按现标准服药及常规处理 ,CAS及滤网放置和回收均按照标准方法进行 ,采用镍钛合金的自膨式支架 (Smart,Cordis) ,技术成功包括血管造影和装置使用成功。所有病人在术前和术后 2 4h均接受神经内科医生的NIHSS评分 ,完整地评估神经专科的情况。对术后所有病人进行心脑血管事件及死亡等临床终点的随访。结果　患者平均年龄为 (5 9± 4)岁 ,除 1例曾有一过性脑缺血发作外 ,其余均无脑卒中史 ;各有 1例分别患有糖尿病及高血压病 ;1例有心肌梗死病史并在CAS前 1周行冠状动脉介入治疗。靶病变平均狭窄程度为 (82± 6 ) % ,其中左颈内动脉 (leftinternalcarotid ,LICA)及右颈内动脉 (rightinternalcarotid ,RICA)病变各有 2个。分别对以上 4个病变成功置入了 4枚自膨式支架及放置回收了 4个滤网保护系统 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ;无围术期的心脑血管事件发生。在回收的 4个滤网中均发现 6～ 10个直径为 30 0～     

老年高危颈动脉狭窄患者支架治疗的临床效果

目的　观察老年高危颈动脉狭窄患者接受支架治疗的临床效果。方法　回顾总结1998年 3月至 1999年 3月入院的 2 0名有症状的并接受了颈动脉支架治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料 ,患者平均年龄 70岁 ,其中 18人 (90 % )同时合并高血压病、高脂血症及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 ,7人 (35 % )合并 2型糖尿病 ,15人 (75 % )合并周围动脉阻塞性疾病。选择性颈动脉血管造影显示病变共 2 6个 ,其中右 左颈总动脉病变 7个、右 左颈内动脉 19个 ,管腔狭窄均≥ 70 % ,病变平均长为 (14 5± 9 2 )mm。结果　支架治疗后血管造影显示成功率为 10 0 % (n =2 6 ) ,基础靶病变的最小腔内径 (MLD)为 (1 9± 1 2 )mm ,支架后MLD上升至 (5 9± 1 4 )mm ,与基础MLD相比P <0 0 0 0 1[正常的参照血管直径 =(5 3± 1 2 )mm]。直径狭窄百分比由基础 70 2 %± 13 3%降至 - 1 7%± 10 5 %(P <0 0 0 0 1) ,球囊扩张的最大平均压为 12 7大气压 ,每个靶病变平均置入支架 (1 5± 0 7)个。 19名病人临床症状明显改善 ,临床成功率为 95 % (19 2 0 ) ,1名病人 (5 % )在术后第 6天死于腹膜后血肿。85 %病人 (17名 )平均随访 (5± 2 )个月 (1～ 10个月 ) ,其中 82 4 % (14名 )病人无症状存活 ,3名病人在随访的     

降低颈动脉支架置入术后缺血性脑损伤措施的研究进展

颈动脉支架置入术(CAS)后缺血性脑损伤是认知功能下降及临床缺血事件的有效预测指标。目前,降低CAS术后缺血性脑损伤发生的措施包括选择合适的患者、控制危险因素以及应用抗血小板聚集及他汀类降脂药、神经保护药物和非药物神经保护措施、根据患者情况个体化选择合适的支架类型及栓塞保护装置等,对术者进行规范化培训也是降低手术并发症的重要措施之一。尽管如此,CAS术后缺血性脑损伤的发生率仍较高。因此,作者将该类治疗措施进行综述,以期降低CAS并发症的发生率。