子宫内膜癌126例临床病理与预后分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌的临床、病理特点及影响预后的因素。方法:回顾分析了2000年1月至2004年12月5年间山东大学齐鲁医院收治的126例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料。结果:126例子宫内膜癌患者平均发病年龄53.5岁,获得随访的113例患者3年生存率为85.7%,5年生存率为75.1%,总体生存率为69.7%。多因素分析结果显示,手术病理分期(P=0.009)、组织学分级(P=0.006)、淋巴结转移(P=0.025)、病理类型(P=0.001)与预后显著相关,是影响子宫内膜癌患者总体生存率的独立因素。结论:子宫内膜癌手术病理分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、病理类型和预后有显著相关性,是影响患者总体生存率的独立因素。     

Postoperative radiotherapy in endometrial adenocarcinoma

We present the results of the association of surgery and radiotherapy in endometrial adenocarcinoma. We have 151 cases of which we know FIGO classification, pTNM, histological grading and myometrium infiltration. Follow-up is considered between 6 months and 10 years. We report the survival graphic lines for a five year period relative to every single prognostic factor.     

晚期子宫内膜癌预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨晚期子宫内膜癌预后相关因素。方法 回顾性分析我院1986年1月～1999年9月间收治的41例晚期子宫内膜癌患者临床病理资料和随访结果。结果(1)41例患者,Ⅲ期30例,其中Ⅲa期15例(36.6％),Ⅲb期3例(7.3％),ⅢC期12例(29.3％),Ⅳ期11例(26.8％)(均为Ⅳb期);子宫内膜样腺癌30例(73.2％),腺鳞癌5例(12.2%),浆乳癌5例(12.2%),透明细胞癌1例(2.4%);单纯手术2例,单纯放疗3例,单纯孕激素治疗1例,综合治疗35例;死亡17例,5年生存率35.4％。(2)Ⅲ期患者中,Ⅲa期复发3例,死亡2例,5年生存率65.6％;Ⅲb期盆腹腔复发1例(死亡),Ⅲc期复发转移8例,均死亡,5年生存率14.5％。(3)Ⅳ期患者中,盆腹腔复发3例,肺转移5例,死亡6例,3年生存率 27.7％。(4)子宫外多处癌灶22例,其中复发转移16例,死亡14例,占全部死亡的82.4％。结论 子宫内膜癌Ⅲc期预后明显差于Ⅲa期,子宫浆膜受侵、子宫外多处癌灶、宫旁组织受侵犯、宫旁淋巴管或血管有癌栓及淋巴结癌转移仍是影响Ⅲ期子宫内膜癌预后的重要因素,Ⅳ期患者易盆腹腔复发和肺转移,预后更差,晚期子宫内膜癌应进行综合治疗。     

Postoperative radiotherapy in stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative whole pelvic radiation for high-risk patients with Stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma. METHODS: One hunderd and twenty-two patients with irregular premenopausal or postmenopausal haemorrhage were included into the study. Fractional curettage was performed in all cases. When the pathohistological report confirmed endometrial adenocarcinoma, abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Low-risk patients include women with Stage IA tumours and Stage IB grade 1 or 2 histology. High-risk group include patients with Stage IB grade 3 tumours and Stage IC carcinomas. High-risk patients received whole pelvic radiotherapy between two and four weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients (67.21%) were low-risk and forty patients (32.79%) were high-risk. In the low-risk group of patients, CA-125 was negative in ten cases and positive in 72 patients with a mean value of 30.12 +/- 12.42 U/ml serum. In the high-risk group of the patients, CA-125 was negative in two cases and positive in 38 patients with a mean value of 60, 48 +/- 20, 14 U/ml serum. Locoregional recurrences were diagnosed in four patients (4.87%) in the surgery group and in two patients (5.00%) assigned to radiotherapy. The incidence of distant metastases was 2.43% in the surgery group and 2.50% in the radiotherapy group. Overall survival at five years was 90.25% in the low-risk group and 87.50% in the high-risk group of patients. CONCLUSION: Five-year overall survival, locoregional and distant metastasis were similar in the low-risk and high-risk groups of patients. That emphasizes the value of whole pelvic radiation in patients with unfavourable prognostic factors in Stage I endometrial cancer.     

Stage II endometrial carcinoma: prognostic factors and the results of treatment

Results of treatment and potential prognostic factors in 54 patients with clinical stage II endometrial carcinoma were analyzed. During the period analyzed, three different treatment techniques were used. The highest cure rate (70.6%) was observed in patients treated with simple hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by external pelvic irradiation and vaginal irradiation. Radiation therapy alone cured 50%. High tumor grade, deep myometrial invasion (greater than 50%), and invasion of the cervical stroma reduced the cure rates, but the only factor significantly reducing cure rate was patient age. Patients 59 years of age or older fared significantly more poorly than younger patients. Significant complications was observed in 9.3% of patients. Prospective studies of standardized treatment techniques in patients with stage II endometrial carcinoma are necessary to achieve better results and acquire more information.     

子宫峡部内膜癌的临床病理特征及预后

目的分析子宫峡部内膜癌的临床病理特点及预后相关因素。方法对天津医科大学总医院1980年1月至2005年12月收治的349例子宫内膜癌,按肿瘤部位分为峡部内膜癌（UIE）组与非峡部内膜癌组,比较两组临床病理特征及预后。结果UIE占10.0%（35/349）。与非峡部内膜癌相比,UIE组阴道排液及腹痛的比例较高（P〈0.05）。UIE组更容易发生深肌层浸润、宫颈侵犯、脉管浸润、浆膜受累、腹腔细胞学阳性以及盆/腹腔淋巴结转移,临床分期、手术病理分期较高（P均〈0.05）,具有较低的5年生存率（P〈0.05）。多因素分析显示峡部癌灶并非是预后不良的独立性相关因素。结论子宫峡部内膜癌具有特殊的临床病理特征,其可增强其他预后不良因素的作用而影响预后。     

The prognostic value of quantitative analysis in the endometrial carcinoma

The epithelial and stromal components in 146 adenocarcinomas, adenocanthomas and adenosquamous carcinomas of the endometrium were quantified morphometrically on Feulgen-stained tissue sections. The classification of the tumors was based on the criteria of World Health Organization and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. As expected, the survival percentage of the patients fell with the advancing clinical stage and histological grade. The ratio of the epithelial cells to the stromal ones proved to be a good prognostic indicator and may be useful in identification of cases with the most favorable prognosis among grade 1 tumors. A high mitotic activity predicted poor prognosis to the patient although statistical significance was not achieved.     

Ovarian carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors

Five hundred and fifty six women with invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma were assessed for postoperative treatment between 1966 and 1976. The records of this group were reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen characteristics of the patient and tumor were analyzed for prognostic significance by univariate and multivariate techniques. Tumor grade, the presence of residual disease, and patient performance status are identified as stage-specific independent prognostic factors. These independent factors define patient subsets with good, intermediate, and poor prognosis within each stage. The results show that more effective treatment strategies are required for patients in poor prognosis subsets. Estimates of tumor grade, extent of residual disease, and performance status should be included in reports of treatment outcome.     

Intratumoral blood flow characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma

Purposes of the study were to evaluate the correlation between intratumoral blood flow and stage, histologic grade, depth of myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma and to assess if vascular/lymphatic spaces invasion is predictable by Doppler ultrasound. Fifty-three patients with endometrial carcinoma were enrolled before surgical treatment. Transvaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound was performed to detect the areas of increased vascularity (≥3) and to record the lowest resistance index (RI) from the blood flow signals within the tumour. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded pathology slides were reviewed by a senior pathologist to evaluate histologic grading, depth of myometrial invasion, presence of lymph node metastasis and vascular/lymphatic spaces invasion. The number of patients with positive lymph node metastasis was too small to perform any statistical evaluation. Significantly lower RI was noted in tumours of advanced stage (>FIGO Stage I), tumours with higher histologic grade (Grade 3) and with presence of vascular invasion. No correlation was found for myometrial invasion (>50%). A high number of vascular areas was positively correlated with all the prognostic signs. Assessment of tumour changes in vascularity using colour Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage and histologic grade. The good correlation between Doppler ultrasound results and histological finding of vascular/lymphatic spaces invasion is another point in favour of routine colour Doppler studies in patients with endometrial carcinoma. We believe this technique is useful both for preoperative staging and that recording of tumour recurrence pattern may lead to early selection of those patients that need additional therapy. Received: 5 February 2001 / Accepted: 14 July 2001 Correspondence to P. Greco     

子宫内膜癌85例临床分析

目的探讨子宫内膜癌的临床特点及处理原则。方法回顾性分析1996年9月～2005年9月间北京大学临床肿瘤学院妇科收治的85例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料、诊治经过及随访结果。结果单纯因腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查阳性导致手术病理分期由Ⅰ期升至Ⅲa期者6例，随访2年．未见复发。而同期因肿瘤侵犯子宫浆膜面或附件所诊断的Ⅲa期10例患者中，术后复发3例，因例数较少，未行统计学分析。13例侵及脉管者4例复发，复发率为30．8％，明显高于未侵及脉管者（3／39，P=0．046）；复发心者中，68．8％于术后2年内发生。结论子宫内膜癌的复发与脉管浸润、手术病理分期及组织学分级有关；单纯因腹腔冲洗液阳性导致的111a期患者预后好于同期别的其他患者。     

子宫内膜癌的放射治疗

近年来，随着对子宫内膜癌生物学行为认识的不断深入及放疗技术的不断进步，放疗在子宫内膜癌治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用，在提高疗效和降低并发症方面都取得了很大进展，但也提出了一些新的问题。     

Postoperative pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high risk endometrial cancer

ObjectiveAccording to national surveys, the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in gynecologic cancers is on the rise, yet there is still some reluctance to adopt adjuvant IMRT as standard practice. The purpose of this study is to report a single-institution experience using postoperative pelvic IMRT with or without chemotherapy in high-risk endometrial cancer.MethodsFrom 11/2004 to 12/2009, 46 patients underwent hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for stage I-III (22% stage I/II and 78% stage III) endometrial cancer. Median IMRT dose was 50.4 Gy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 30 (65%) patients.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 52 months, 4 patients recurred: 1 vaginal plus lung metastasis, 2 isolated para-aortic recurrences, and 1 lungs and liver metastasis. Five-year relapse rate was 9% (95% CI, 0–13.6%). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 88% (95% CI, 77–98%) and overall survival (OS) was 97% (95% CI, 90–100%). There were 2 patients with non-hematological grade 3 toxicity: 1 (2%) acute and 1 (2%) chronic gastrointestinal toxicity. In patients treated with IMRT and chemotherapy (n = 30), 5 had grade 3 leukopenia, 8 grade 2 anemia, and 2 grade 2 thrombocytopenia.ConclusionsOncologic outcomes with postoperative IMRT were very good, with DFS and OS rates of > 88% at median follow-up of 52 months, despite a preponderance (78%) of stage III disease. Toxicity was minimal even in the setting of an aggressive trimodality (65% of patients) approach. Data from this study and emerging data from RTOG trial 0418 demonstrate the advantages of IMRT in high-risk endometrial cancer.     

晚期子宫内膜癌患者的治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨晚期(Ⅲ～Ⅳ期)子宫内膜癌的治疗方法及预后影响因素.方法 选择1996年1月至2006年12月间收治的晚期子宫内膜癌患者118例,对其治疗方法及预后影响因素进行回顾性分析,患者随访至2007年12月,平均随访26个月.结果 随访期内,共33例患者死亡,占28.0%;25例患者术后出现疾病进展,占21.2%.Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者的3年总生存率分别为78.3%和39.4%,子宫内膜样腺癌和非子宫内膜样腺癌患者的3年总生存率分别为69.3%和42.0%,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).4例仅有腹水细胞学检查阳性的Ⅲa期患者,术后未行辅助治疗,现已平均随访16个月均无瘤生存.单因素分析显示,手术病理分期、病理类型、肌层浸润深度、病理分级、后腹膜淋巴结切除术(包括盆腔淋巴结切除或加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术)和术后辅助联合放化疗与预后明显相关(P<0.05).多因素分析显示,手术病理分期和肌层浸润深度与预后明显相关(P<0.05).对不同治疗方式分析显示,行后腹膜淋巴结切除术患者的预后明显优于未行该手术者(P<0.05);术后残留灶直径≤1 cm患者的预后明显优于残留灶直径>1 cm者(P<0.05);术后行辅助联合放化疗患者的预后明显优于未行联合放化疗和仅行放疗或化疗者(P<0.05).结论 手术病理分期和肌层浸润深度是影响晚期子宫内膜癌患者预后的独立的危险因素.治疗应在满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术和后腹膜淋巴结切除术的基础上,除仪腹水细胞学检查阳性的Ⅲa期患者外,术后均应辅以联合放化疗,以改善患者的预后.     

Preoperative radiotherapy for early endometrial carcinoma

A retrospective study was undertaken to compare the use of one versus two preoperative radium systems for early endometrial carcinoma. The charts of 73 patients treated between 1977 and 1980 were reviewed. No difference was noted between the two groups when compared for stage, grade, depth of myometrial invasion, and histologic type of tumor. One of thirty-eight (2.6%) patients in the one-radium group developed an isolated central recurrence; there were no central recurrences in the two-radium group. Total duration of therapy and total hospitalization for the one-radium versus the two-radium group were 17.6 and 15.3 days versus 77.0 and 17.3 days, respectively. Follow-up ranged from 48 to 84 months. Corrected survival figures are comparable to 94.6% for the one-radium group versus 100% for the two-radium group. These data suggest comparable effectiveness and morbidity between the two treatment regimens, with the single-radium application more efficient and cost effective.     

The prognostic significance of adenomyosis in endometrial carcinoma

Depth of myometrial invasion is accepted as one of the most important prognostic factors in carcinoma of the endometrium. In an effort to define the significance of adenomyosis containing adenocarcinoma as it relates to myometrial invasion, 52 cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma with coexisting adenomyosis were identified. A subset of 11 cases was noted to have adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis, invasive to a depth greater than would have been appreciated had this entity not been identified. These 11 cases had a 100% 5-year survival, suggesting that adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis does not indicate a more ominous prognosis. The depth of invasion into the myometrium proper is the significant prognostic factor. The pathologist must be able to differentiate these two distinct entities to accurately assess prognosis.     

Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in industrialized countries, and occurs predominantly after the menopause. Although most endometrial carcinomas are detected at low stage, there is still a significant mortality from the disease. In postmenopausal women, prolonged life expectancy, changes in reproductive behavior and prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as hormone replacement therapy use, may partially account for the observed increases of incidence rates in some countries. In order to improve treatment and follow-up of endometrial carcinoma patients, the importance of various prognostic factors has been extensively studied. The identification of high-risk groups would make it possible to avoid unnecessary adjuvant treatment among patients with a good prognosis. Over the past few decades, several studies have demonstrated the prognostic importance of different parameters including lymph node status, histological type of carcinoma (serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinomas are poor prognostic types), histological grade, stage of disease, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space involvement and cervical involvement. Other factors currently being investigated are estrogen and progesterone receptor status, p53 status, flow cytometric analysis for ploidy and S-phase fraction, and oncogenes such as HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2).     

Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma

In our study we tried to give more light and information about the most frequent prognostic factors in endometrial cancer. The evaluation of 500 patients and all possible prognostic factors gave us the opportunity to treat better and to choose better therapy for our patients. The results were similar like other western clinics. The clinical and therapeutical administration of the classic and histological factors, as well as the biological markers was not in such wide study cleared up. That is why we did this research in order to, satisfy these scientific needs. The results did not differ from other western clinics working in this field.