HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆汉族人群结核病易感性的研究

目的 探讨HLA-DRB1基因的多态性与新疆汉族人群结核病发生发展的关联.方法 采用PCR-SSP技术对228例新疆塔城地区和石河子地区的汉族肺结核患者及231例汉族健康志愿者的HLA-DRB1的13个等位基因分型,比较各等位基因的频率(GF),统计学分析采用χ2检验,研究不同等位基因与新疆汉族人群结核病易感性的关联.结果 结核病例组HLA-DRB1*12基因频率为9.92%,明显高于对照组的2.85%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.76,Pc＜0.01);而结核病例组中的HLADRB1*11等位基因的基因频率低于健康对照组(χ2=9.513,Pc＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论 HLA-DRB1*12基因可能是新疆汉族人群的结核病易感基因,HLA-DRB1*11可能是新疆汉族人群与结核病相关的保护性基因.     

CCR2、 CCL5、 CCR5和CCL1基因多态性与中国汉族儿童结核病易感性的关联研究

目的 探讨CCR2、CCL5、CCR5和CCL1的基因多态性与中国汉族儿童结核病易感性的关系.方法 收集353例汉族儿童结核病患者,以同期查体的400名儿童作为对照,采用病例对照研究,应用高通量MassARRAY技术对于CCR2、CCL5、CCR5和CCL1基因的SNP位点进行基因分型研究.结果 CCR2、CCL5、CCR5和CCL1基因SNP位点的等位基因、基因型以及单体型在结核病组和对照组的分布差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 CCR2、CCL5、CCR5和CCL1的基因多态性与中国汉族儿童结核病易感不存在相关性.     

UCH-L1基因多态性与帕金森病的关联研究

目的 探讨泛素蛋白羧基水解酶L1(ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1,UCH-L1)基因第3外显子54C/A及第4外显子277C/G多态与中国北方汉族人群散发性帕金森病(Parkinson'S disease,PD)的关联.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,对75例散发性PD和100名健康对照者UCH-L1 C/A和C/G两个位点的基因型和等位基因分布频率进行检测.结果 (1)UCH-L1 C/A位点等位基因和基因型分布,在PD与对照组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PD组的A等位基因和AA基因型明显低于对照组(P<0.05).(2)在对散发性PD与对照组UCH-L1基因分析中,未发现C/G的多态性.结论 (1)UCH-L1 C/A基因多态性与中国北方汉族人群散发性PD患者遗传易患性有关.(2)UCH-L1 C/G基因多态性与中国北方汉族人群散发性PD患者遗传易患性不关联.     

BARD1单核苷酸多态性与汉族儿童神经母细胞瘤相关性的研究

目的 探讨BARD1单核苷酸多态性与汉族儿童神经母细胞瘤的相关性.方法 采用病例对照研究,收集242例汉族神经母细胞瘤患儿及301例汉族健康儿童的外周血,通过PCR方法扩增目的DNA,应用Sequenom massarray对所扩增的DNA进行基因分型.以x2检验及logistics分析比较不同组基因型与神经母细胞瘤的关系.结果 BARD1的21个标签SNPs位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,BARD1的21个SNPs等位基因频率在患者组与对照组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 未发现BARD1单核苷酸多态性与汉族儿童神经母细胞瘤有相关性.     

中国南北方汉族人身高、身体比例差异的对比分析

目的:研究中国北方汉族人与南方汉族人身高和身体比例的差异。方法:2009年~2013年在67个地区按照Martin等和《人体测量方法》规定的方法,测量了26 952例汉族成年人(乡村汉族16 501例,城市汉族10 451例)的身高等5项指标值,计算了身高下肢长指数等3项指标指数,比较了北方汉族与南方汉族身材高度和身体比例的差异。结果:北方汉族的身高、坐高、下肢全长均大于南方汉族。北方乡村汉族的身高下肢长指数、下身长坐高指数值也大于南方乡村汉族。北方城市汉族的身高下肢长指数也大于南方乡村汉族。结论:北方汉族下肢全长在身高中的比例超过了南方汉族,而躯干与下肢的比例小于或接近南方汉族。在整个身材比例上,北方汉族下肢显得更长些,躯干显得更短些。     

中国北方、南方汉族头面部形态学特征的差异

目的将中国北方、南方汉族头面部形态学特征进行比较,探讨其差异性。方法 2009年至2012年测量了11 732例(男性5840例,女性5892例)北方汉族的头面部人体测量学指标,并将各指标均值与南方汉族资料进行差异统计学检验。结果与南方汉族相比,北方汉族头较宽、较高,两下颌角间较宽,两眼间距离较大,面较高,鼻背较高,鼻与红唇距离较大,耳大,但头较短,面较狭,鼻较短,唇较薄。与南方汉族相比,北方汉族男性头更圆、更高、更狭,面更狭,鼻更阔。北方汉族女性头面部特征与男性结果基本相同,不同的是,北方汉族女性比南方汉族鼻更狭些。结论遗传因素是影响头面部形态特征形成的主要因素。     

ABCB1和ABCC2基因多态性与中国汉族儿童抗结核药物致肝毒性易感性的相关性研究

目的 探讨ABCB1和ABCC2基因多态性与中国汉族儿童抗结核药物致肝毒性(anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity,ATDH)易感性的相关性.方法 在中国汉族结核病患儿中,采用病例对照研究,利用高通量的MassARRAY平台,对于ABCB1和ABCC2基因的16个标签单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)位点展开基因分型,并采用logistic回归分析以上SNP位点等位基因和基因型频率在ATDH病例组和ATDH对照组中的分布差异.结果 本研究共纳入41例ATDH病例以及189例对照.ABCB1和ABCC2基因SNP位点的等位基因以及基因型在两组间频率分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SNP位点分别按照显性遗传模型和隐性遗传模型分析,各位点基因型在两组间频率分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 ABCB1和ABCC2基因多态性可能与中国汉族儿童ATDH的发生并无相关性.     

从四川汉族肘浅静脉看“藏彝走廊”

观察了1190例四川汉族青年肘部浅静脉的配布方式和吻合类型，比较了四川汉族与北方汉族，湖北汉族（长江流域汉族）之间的差异，发现四川汉族肘区浅静脉的类型既不同于北方汉族也不同于湖北汉族，表明四川汉族体质类型应为藏彝走廊类型，从而从一个侧面证实藏彝走廊的存在，西北汉族，四川汉族，湖北汉族肘区浅静脉的类型呈过渡性变化，表明四川汉族既有古羌人的成分，也有古越族人的成分。     

P2X7基因多态性与中国汉族儿童结核病易感性的研究

目的探讨中国汉族儿童P2X7基因多态性与结核病易感性相关关系,以探讨P2X7基因在儿童结核病发病中的作用。方法病例组为2005年1月至2008年9月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的汉族结核病患儿;对照组为同期在儿外科行手术前体检的患儿。按照年龄等与病例组3：1进行匹配。扩增基因组DNAP2X7基因,应用限制性酶切片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）分析方法和碱基特异性PCR方法,分别对P2X7基因1513和-762位点多态性与儿童结核病易感性进行相关分析。结果病例组纳入96例,平均年龄（5.5±4.5）岁;对照组纳入384例,平均年龄（5.9±4.0）岁。P2X7基因1513位点A/C和C/C基因型分布,病例组（38.5%和8.3%）较对照组（31.0%和11.5%）比率增高,但差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.306,P=0.316）;1513C在病例组和对照组分布频率分别为27.6%和27.0%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.033,P=0.856）。-762位点C/C基因型在整体人群中的分布频率为56.5%,-762C在病例组和对照组中的分布频率分别为77.4%和71.7%,对照组和病例组各基因频率或基因型频率差异无统计学意义（χ2=4.742,P=0.093）。上述基因型和等位基因频率在肺结核亚组和肺外结核病亚组差异均无统计学意义。结论宿主P2X7基因1513位点A/C和-762位点T/C的转换可能与中国汉族儿童结核病易感性无相关性。因此,P2X7基因多态性与结核病发病以及是否为结核病易感性的影响因素有待进一步验证。     

#br# 中国北方、南方汉族头面部形态学特征的差异

目的 将中国北方、南方汉族头面部形态学特征进行比较,探讨其差异性。方法 2009年至2012年测量了11 732例（男性5840例,女性5892例）北方汉族的头面部人体测量学指标,并将各指标均值与南方汉族资料进行差异统计学检验。 结果 与南方汉族相比,北方汉族头较宽、较高,两下颌角间较宽,两眼间距离较大,面较高,鼻背较高,鼻与红唇距离较大,耳大,但头较短,面较狭,鼻较短,唇较薄。与南方汉族相比,北方汉族男性头更圆、更高、更狭,面更狭,鼻更阔。北方汉族女性头面部特征与男性结果基本相同,不同的是,北方汉族女性比南方汉族鼻更狭些。 结论 遗传因素是影响头面部形态特征形成的主要因素。     

The critical amino acids of a nephritogenic epitope on human Goodpasture autoantigen for binding to HLA-DRB1*1501

BackgroundAnti-GBM disease is caused by autoimmunity to Goodpasture antigen on α3(IV)NC1 and had strong associations with HLA-DRB1*1501. Previous studies identified α3_127-148 (P14: TDIPPCPHGWISLWKGFSFIMF) as a T cell epitope. The present study was aimed to investigate the binding capacity of P14 to HLA-DRB1*1501 and the critical amino acids for this binding.MethodsA line of EBV-transformed human B cells homozygous for HLA-DRB1*1501 was used to detect the binding capacity of peptides to HLA-DRB1*1501 using flow cytometry analysis. P14 was sequentially truncated into 8 peptides with 15 amino acids to identify the core binding motif. A set of alanine substituted peptides of P14-2 was then synthesized to identify its critical residues for binding to HLA-DRB1*1501. The structure of HLA-DR2b-Peptide-TCR complex was constructed by modeling to analyze the interaction of each amino acids of P14-2 with the HLA-DR2b molecule.ResultsP14 could bind to HLA-DRB1*1501 expressed on B cell surface. The N-terminus of P14 was the core binding motif and the truncated peptide P14-2 (DIPPCPHGWISLWKG) _128-142 had the strongest binding capacity. After sequential amino acid substitution, we found the binding capacity of P14-2 was completely lost by the substitution of cysteine (C) ₁₃₂ and significantly decreased by the substitution of tryptophan (W) ₁₃₆, lysine (K) ₁₄₁, or glycine (G) ₁₄₂, but still at a high level. The modeling showed that (C) ₁₃₂ had a strong interaction with pocket 4 on the β chain of DR2b. Thus, C₁₃₂, W ₁₃₆, K₁₄₁, and G₁₄₂ were defined as the critical amino acid residues for the binding capacity of P14 to HLA-DRB1*1501.ConclusionWe identified α3_128-142 (DIPPCPHGWISLWKG) as the core binding motif of P14 to HLA-DRB1*1501 molecule. And the critical amino acid residues for this binding were further defined as C₁₃₂, W ₁₃₆, K ₁₄₁, and G ₁₄₂.     

A Taqman assay for high-throughput genotyping of the multiple sclerosis-associated HLA-DRB1*1501 allele

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*1501 allele has long been established as the main genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), and it therefore follows that stratification of study populations for this allele could aid in the identification of novel susceptibility genes and/or in establishing interactions. To this end, we have developed a simple Taqman-based assay allowing cost-efficient medium-throughput HLA-DRB1*1501 genotyping. We have validated this assay in 444 trio families with MS and 1066 individuals from the UK 1958 birth cohort (3908 independent chromosomes). In this validation cohort, the correlation coefficient (r(2)) between rs3135388*A and HLA-DRB1*1501 was >0.94. Subsequently, applying the assay to a group of MS patients and controls from Belgium confirmed the association of HLA-DRB1*1501 and MS in this population (P = 5 x 10(-21)).     

Interaction of HLA-DRB1*1501 allele and TNF-alpha -308 G/A single nucleotide polymorphism in the susceptibility to multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial disorder with complex genetic basis. It is believed that genes encoding HLA molecule and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. In this study, we have evaluated the impact of HLA-DRB1*1501 allele and TNF-alpha -308 G/A single nucleotide polymorphism, and their interaction, in the susceptibility to MS in Iranian population. Genomic DNA samples were prepared from whole blood of 366 MS Patients and 414 control subjects. The genotypes were determined by SSP-PCR method. Frequency of alleles and genotypes were compared between the two groups by using Fisher's exact test. HLA-DRB1*1501 allele was more frequent among patients (OR=1.57, P=0.0026). TNF-α -308 G allele and G/G genotype had higher frequency among MS patients than control subjects (G vs. A: OR=1.26, P<0.05); G/G vs. A/A: OR=4.59, P=0.0003). The odds ratio was higher among HLA-DRB1*1501 positive individuals. Co-existence of TNF G and HLA-DRB1*1501 alleles showed higher prevalence among MS patients (OR=7.07, P=0.0007). Our results have shown that HLA-DRB1*1501 allele and TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism are associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis in Iranian population. We also observed an interaction between these two loci that support the role of HLA alleles and cytokine genes and gene-gene interaction in the development and pathogenesis of MS.     

HLA-DRB1*0826 and HLA-DQB1*0627, two novel class II alleles identified in blood stem cell donors of Caucasian origin

This report describes two novel HLA class II alleles, HLA-DRB1*0826 and HLA-DQB1*0627, that have been identified in two unrelated voluntary blood stem cell donors of Caucasian origin. HLA-DRB1*0826 is characterized by a nucleotide substitution (G to T) in exon 2 at position 163, leading to an amino acid exchange from argenine to leucine. The donor phenotype is HLA-A*0301,*2902; B*3501,*4403; Cw*0401,*1601; DRB1*0101,*0826; DQB1*0402, *0501. The HLA-DQB1*0627 alleles contain a nucleotide substitution at position 184 (T to C) resulting in an amino acid exchange from tyrosine to histidine. Family segregation analysis revealed that the HLA-DQB1*0627 allele belongs to the haplotype A*0101, B*1517, Cw*0701, DRB1*1302, DQB1*0627. The donor phenotype is HLA-A*0101; B*0801,*1517; Cw*0701; DRB1*1302,*1501; DQB1*0602,*0627.     

SEQUENCE OF A NEW HLA-DR ALLELE,DRB5*0106

We report here the exon 2 sequence of a new HLA-DRB5 allele, DRB5*0106, that was identified in two volunteer bone marrow donors from the Swiss national registry. This new allele differs from DRB5*0101 by five amino acids at positions 67, 70, 71, 85 and 86. It is associated with DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602. This unusual DRB1*1501–DRB5*0106 association increases the complexity of the DR2 group, although it appears to be very rare, at least in our population. HLA-DRB5*0106 can be readily detected upon DR generic oligotyping, provided the two probes that mark the major DRB5 subtypes, DRB5*0101 and DRB5*02, respectively, are included in the assay.     

HLA-DR, -DQA1 and -DQB1 associations in Australian multiple sclerosis patients

Molecular genotyping for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II loci, HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 and -DQA1, in 100 patients with relapsing/remitting multiple scerlosis (MS) demonstrated an association with the HLA-DR2, DQw6-associated alleles DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602 and DQA1*0102, thereby extending this finding among MS patients in several countries to an Australian population. Analysis by the relative pre-dispositional effect (RPE) method provided no evidence for a second susceptibility allele at either DQA1 or DQB1. However, our data and that of others suggest a negative association with DQA1*0101. Associations were found with DQB1 alleles sharing sequence homology with DQB1*0602, with DQB1 alleles encoding leucine at residue 26 (Leu 26), with DQA1 alleles encoding glutamine at residue 34 (Gln 34) and with Leu 26 plus Gln 34 alleles, but each was shown by two-loci linkage analysis to be secondary to the DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602, DQA1*0102 association. The recently reported negative association with DQA1 alleles encoding phenylalanine at amino acid 25, leucine at amino acid 69 and arginine at amino acid 52 was not found in this study, although there was a trend towards reduced phenylalanine at amino acid 25. The determination at a molecular level of an explanation for the world-wide association with these alleles remains elusive despite major advances in MHC typing.     

Influence of HLA-DR2 on perforin-positive cells in pulmonary tuberculosis

Perforin is one of the key effector molecules of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. The influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles on peripheral blood perforin-positive CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD 56 cells was studied by flow cytometry. HLA-DRB1 typing was done in normal healthy subjects (NHS: n = 156) and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB: n = 102) by polymerase chain reaction-based sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization method. We observed a significantly decreased percentage of total perforin-positive cells (per(+)) (P = 0.0004); CD8(+)/Per(+) (P = 0.0005); CD16(+)/Per(+) (P = 0.05) and CD 56(+)/Per(+) cells (P = 0.001) in HLA-DR2-positive PTB patients compared to non-DR2 patients. Subtyping of HLA-DR2-positive subjects at the allelic level revealed that the percentage of CD8(+)/Per(+) cells did not differ among DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502 patients while a trend towards a decreased percentage of CD16(+)/Per(+) and CD 56(+)/Per(+) cells was noticed in DRB1*1501 patients compared to DRB1*1502 patients. The present study suggests that HLA-DR2 may be associated with down-regulation of perforin-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells in pulmonary tuberculosis.     

HLA-DMB gene and HLA-DRA promoter region polymorphisms in Australian multiple sclerosis patients.

The MHC region has been shown to contain a susceptibility locus for multiple sclerosis (MS). While the strongest association to date has been between HLA-DRB1*1501 and MS, the exact nature of the MHC association in MS remains unclear. Two candidate polymorphic loci within the MHC class II region, the HLA-DMB gene and the HLA-DRA promoter, which lie close to HLA-DRB1, were therefore examined in an Australian MS population. The HLA-DMB*0103 phenotype was increased in the MS patients (46% vs. 30%) and the frequency of the HLA-DRA promoter A allele was also increased (81% vs. 68%). When the subjects were stratified into HLA-DRB*1501 positive and negative individuals these associations were not significantly different. This is a result of the strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DRB*1501 and both HLA-DMB*0103 and the HLA-DRA promoter A allele. The complete linkage between DRB1*1501 and the HLA-DRA promoter A allele indicates that the MS susceptibility haplotype (DRB1*1501-HLA-DQB1*0602-HLA-DQA1* 0102) can be extended out to promoter of the HLA-DRA locus. Interactions between both HLA-DMB and the HLA-DRA promoter and other reported MS susceptibility loci were examined (TCRBV polymorphisms, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1). Some interactions between specific TCRBV polymorphisms and the HLA-DRA promoter were observed, which is consistent with other published reports suggesting an epistatic interaction between TCRBV and HLA-DRB1.     

The DRB1 Val86/Val86 genotype associates with multiple sclerosis in Australian patients.

Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) has so far been strongly localized to the MHC class II region encoding the alleles of the haplotype HLA-DRB1*1501, -DQA1*0102, -DQB1*0602. However, this haplotype is not carried by approximately 40% of MS patients; a potential explanation could be that they carry other MHC class II alleles with similar function due to the sharing of nucleotide sequences encoding critical amino acid residues. The DRB1 gene is polymorphic at residue 86, encoding valine or glycine. In view of the increasing evidence for a functional role for DRB1 aa86 in the binding and presentation of autoantigenic peptides such as myelin basic protein, this study investigated associations with the residue 86 polymorphism in an Australian MS population. A significant increase in the Val86/Val86 genotype was observed in the MS patients, which was still present in the absence of the DRB1*1501 allele (p = 0.032). This suggest that DRB1 aa86 may have an independent role in contributing to MS susceptibility. The Val86/Val86 genotype was correlated with genotyping for other putative MS susceptibility genes, including T cell receptor beta chain germline polymorphisms, HLA-DMB alleles, and -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles encoding critical amino acid residues, with a significant interaction only observed with DQB1 Leu26 (p = 0.014). Additional studies of the HLA-DRB1 aa86 polymorphism in MS, and its function, are needed to more fully understand this association.     

Association of DRB1*1501 with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in North American AIDS patients

The HLA class II allele, DR2 (DRB1*1501), has been repeatedly found to be associated with development of tuberculosis and leprosy. We searched for associations of these and other class II alleles with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) in North American Caucasian homosexual AIDS patients. Molecular typing for HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in 176 cases of DMAC and 176 matched controls showed an association of accelerated onset of disease with DRB1*1501 (and the closely linked DQB1*0602) that was stronger upon adjustment for the degree and duration of CD4+ cell deficiency (P=0.04) and in multivariate analysis (P=0.02) than in unadjusted analysis. A similar trend was seen with DRB1*0701, and no other allele showed a relationship of similar magnitude. M. avium complex organisms may more effectively evade host defenses in individuals carrying an HLA polymorphism identical to that associated with M. tuberculosis and M. leprae.