团体心理治疗对酒依赖患者中长期疗效的影响

目的：研究团体心理疗法对酒依赖患者的中长期疗效。方法将132例酒依赖患者按治疗方法不同分为分成治疗组与对照组,对照组予常规治疗干预,治疗组在上述基础上合并团体心理治疗,疗程均为3个月。两组出院后跟踪随访1年,期间定期予自制疗效评定量表、对两组患者进行评定,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果治疗组的痊愈率高于对照组,而自制疗效评定量表评分显示其焦虑程度和饮酒的渴望程度明显低于对照组。结论团体心理疗法对酒依赖患者的中长期疗效较满意,值得进一步研究。     

团体心理治疗对酒依赖患者自我效能感及复饮率影响的研究

目的 探讨团体心理治疗对酒依赖患者的临床应用效果.方法 选取2018年12月至2019年6月在我院接受治疗的酒依赖患者90例,均为男性患者,依据随机数字表法分为2组,对照组(45例)和观察组(45例).对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组患者的基础上实施团体心理治疗,观察分析两组的自我效能感及复饮率.结果 两组自...     

认知治疗对慢性酒依赖患者心理健康水平的影响研究

目的探讨认知治疗对酒依赖者心理健康水平的影响。方法采用对照研究的方法,将60例酒依赖的住院患者随机分成研究组及对照组各30例,对照组进行常规戒酒治疗,研究组在此基础上给予认知治疗,时间为4周,治疗前后,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评价两组心理健康水平。结果治疗前,两组SCL-90评分无明显性差异(P>0.05),治疗后,研究组SCL-90评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论认知治疗可提高酒依赖患者心理健康水平,对预防复饮具有积极的作用。     

心理行为干预对酒依赖者脱酒后复饮的影响

目的探讨心理行为干预对酒依赖者脱酒后复饮的影响。方法将122例酒依赖者随机分为两组,干预组除给予常规药物替代治疗外,还给予系统的心理行为干预;对照组单用常规药物替代治疗。应用心理控制源量表（DRIE）,症状自评量表（SCL-90）,密西根酒精依赖调查表（MAST）定期进行评定。疗程6个月。结果在治疗后,干预组DRIE、SCL-90、MAST各项评分均显著低予对照组（P〈0.05）。结论酒依赖者脱酒后,给予系统的心理行为干预,能在一定程度上降低复饮。     

酒依赖患者复饮原因调查与分析

目的:探讨导致酒依赖患者复饮的原因,以便提供有针对性的干预,避免或减少复饮.方法:应用自设问卷对85例酒依赖患者进行调查,对常见复饮原因进行分析.结果:复饮原因有:应激事件占90％;诱惑占82％;负性情绪占75％;戒酒决心动摇占72％;愉快情绪占70％;睡眠障碍占67％;心理渴求占52％;错误的认知占34％;空虚无聊占28％;躯体不适占15％;侥幸心理占10％.结论:酒依赖患者复饮的原因较多,其中应激事件、诱惑、负性情绪、戒酒决心动摇、愉快情绪、睡眠障碍、心理渴求为主要原因,需要提供有针对性的干预以减少复饮.     

团体心理辅导对酒依赖患者康复效果的影响

目的探讨团体心理辅导对酒依赖患者康复效果的影响。方法选取我院2011年7月—2013年3月收治的80例酒依赖患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方式的不同分为对照组与观察组,对照组给予常规治疗和护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予团体心理辅导,比较2组患者治疗后的康复效果。结果2组患者干预前、干预8周后和出院3个月后的精神病护理观察量表(NORS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)评分比较,出院6个月后与12个月后的复饮率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论团体心理辅导能有效改善酒依赖患者的康复效果,从而提高患者的治疗成功率。     

团体认知行为治疗对强迫症患者生存质量的影响

目的 观察团体认知行为治疗改善强迫症患者生存质量的临床疗效.方法 将81例强迫症患者随机分为研究组40例(帕罗西汀+团体认知行为治疗)和对照组41例(帕罗西汀治疗),疗程14周.采用耶鲁-布朗强迫量表(Y-BOCS)、世界卫生组织生存质量量表(WHOQOL)评定临床疗效.结果 治疔14周后两组Y-BOCS均明显下降,两组下降幅度相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).WHOQOL量表评分水平较治疗前有显著改善,且治疗后研究组低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 团体认知行为联合帕罗西汀治疗和单纯帕罗西汀药物治疗均能改善强迫症状,但联合治疗能明显改善强迫症患者的生存质量.     

健康教育对酒依赖者复饮率的影响

酒精依赖是由于长期大量饮酒而产生的对酒的强烈渴望和嗜好,以至饮酒不能自制,一旦停止饮酒则产生精神和躯体的各种症状,可连续或周期性出现[1].酒依赖者在急性期脱酒治疗后,由于未能及时开展心理行为干预,致使复饮率居高不下[2].如何长时间不再饮酒是临床工作中比较关键的问题.本研究对酒依赖者进行了系列的健康教育,探讨复饮率的效果,报告如下.     

冲动、渴求对男性酒依赖患者复饮的影响

目的 比较冲动和渴求在男性酒依赖患者与健康对照之间的差异,并探究冲动和渴求对酒依赖患者复饮的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年12月在北京回龙观医院的男性酒依赖患者及社区健康男性为研究对象。所有患者均给予常规急性脱瘾治疗,并在治疗后的12周末随访患者的复饮情况。比较酒依赖患者与健康对照在基线人口学资料、冲动方面的差异,并比较复饮组和非复饮组在冲动、渴求方面的差异。结果 酒依赖组与健康对照组在年龄、共同居住者、在职情况及受教育年限的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但酒依赖患者的吸烟比例、酗酒家族史阳性者比例、酒精使用障碍筛查量表总分(Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, AUDIT)、Barratt冲动量表(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, BIS-11)各个分量表分数均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。复饮组患者的Barratt冲动量表的各分量表分数、饮酒迫促性问卷(Alcohol Urgent Questionnaire, AUQ)总分及视觉模拟渴求量表(Visual Analog S...     

酒依赖对儿童心理行为的影响

目的：探讨酒依赖患者的家庭环境与儿童不良心理行为的关系。方法：通过对32例住院治疗的酒依赖患者的家庭成员中儿童的调查核实，并进行分析评定。结果：在酒依赖患者的家庭环境中，儿童的心理行为出现明显的偏差。结论：酒依赖患者的家庭环境妨碍儿童心理行为的健康发展与成长。     

Levels of alcohol use and depression severity as predictors of missed therapy sessions in cognitive behavioural psycho-educational group treatment for depression

In this study, we investigate levels of depression and levels of alcohol use as predictors of unstable attendance in a therapeutic intervention. A sample of 154 patients scoring a mean of 26 on BDI-II attended a cognitive behavioural psycho-educational group treatment – ‘Coping and relapse prevention of depression’. We investigated the influence of alcohol use and depression on attendance using a model based on the count of missed therapy sessions as a function of AUDIT and BDI-II, as well as a multiplicative AUDIT?×?BDI-II interaction term. AUDIT-scores were statistically significantly associated with more unstable attendance in treatment. Level of depression (BDI-II) was not found to predict count of missed therapy sessions in the sample. Interaction effect between levels of depression and levels of alcohol use was not statistically significant in this sample. Demographic factors were not statistically associated with count of missed therapy sessions. Despite the statistically significant relation between AUDIT-score and count of missed therapy sessions, patients with risky alcohol patterns attended the intervention almost as stably as participants without risky alcohol use. The findings provide a basis for questioning the clinical usefulness of distinguishing between patients with and without comorbid alcohol problem before attending a psycho-educational group treatment addressing depression. Missed therapy sessions in patients with alcohol problems may be counteracted with general strategies to prevent dropout from treatment.     

Trajectories of alcohol use over time among adults with alcohol dependence

This study sought to identify trajectories of drinking behavior change over time in a sample of adults with current alcohol use disorder (AUD). We conducted secondary analyses of seven waves of data from a prospective longitudinal study of 364 adults (mean age = 44.0 years, SD = 12.8 years) who met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence (AD), 74.4% of whom were entering alcohol treatment. Participants were followed for 2 1/2 to 3 years with in-person interviews every 6 months. Results from latent class growth analyses of drinks per drinking day over 3 years indicated five trajectory classes: 1) Moderate Baseline → Slow Decline; 2) Heavy Baseline → Stable Abstinent; 3) Heavy Baseline → Slow Decline; 4) Heaviest Baseline → Steep Decline, and 5) Heaviest Baseline → Stable Heavy. Findings are consistent with previous research and suggest that these trajectory classes might represent longitudinal phenotypes of alcohol involvement across diverse samples. Treatment modality, Alcoholics Anonymous involvement, and purpose in life were associated with diverse trajectories of drinking behavior among adults with AD. AA involvement was associated with higher odds of membership in trajectory classes that showed declines in drinking from baseline, and having higher purpose in life predicted lower odds of membership in the Heaviest Baseline → Stable Heavy class. AA involvement predicts different pathways of recovery characterized by stable abstinence, steep declines, and/or slower declines in drinking over time. Higher purpose in life may protect against chronic heavy drinking by strengthening motivations to pursue goals that are unrelated to substance use.     

团体认知行为疗法联合扎来普隆治疗慢性失眠的对照研究

目的比较团体认知行为疗法(CBTI)联合扎来普隆和单用扎来普隆治疗慢性失眠的疗效。方法 60例慢性失眠患者,按奇偶数法分为联合组和单药组,各30例。单药组患者接受单药扎来普隆治疗,联合组在药物治疗基础上实施团体认知行为疗法。比较两组患者临床疗效以及治疗前后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分。结果观察组治疗总有效率93.33%明显高于对照组的73.3%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的PSQI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后1个月,观察组的PSQI评分(5.69±1.41)分低于对照组的(9.25±1.47)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论团体认知行为疗法联合扎来普隆治疗慢性失眠与单用扎来普隆治疗相比,联合治疗慢性失眠及伴随日间思睡的疗效更显著,值得临床推广。     

The association of alcohol dependence with general practice attendance

Introduction and Aims . This study was designed to examine the relationship between alcohol dependence and general practitioner (GP) service attendance in Australia. Design and Methods . Data were analysed from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. In this survey, a representative sample of the Australian population was interviewed to ascertain past 12 month psychiatric diagnoses for all major mental disorders as well as the use of primary and other health services (n = 10 641, 79% response rate). Results . People with alcohol dependence comorbid with other psychiatric disorders have higher rates of service usage than those without such disorders. Discussion and Conclusions . Alcohol dependence comorbid with mental disorders has a significant impact on GP service in Australia. High rates of service use by individuals with such comorbidities were a considerable burden for GP services.[Proudfoot H, Teesson M. The association of alcohol dependence with general practice attendance. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]     

The neurobiology,clinical efficacy and safety of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence

Importance to the field: Acamprosate, marketed under the brand name Campral^®, (Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Saint Louis, MO, USA; Merck Sante s.a.s., Lyon, France) is an orally administered drug approved in the US and throughout much of the world for treating alcohol dependence. Its safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials worldwide and as with all pharmacotherapies for alcoholism, it is used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions.

Areas covered in this review: This article reviews the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and safety of acamprosate in Phase I, II and III randomized controlled trials involving healthy and alcohol-dependent populations using published reports from 1984 to 2009.

What the reader will gain: This review provides an update of the mechanism of action and the safety and efficacy profile of acamprosate.

Take home message: Acamprosate appears to act centrally to restore the normal activity of glutamatergic neurotransmission altered by chronic alcohol exposure. Acamprosate’s excellent safety profile along with several pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics make it well suited for treating a broad population of alcohol-dependent patients.     

认知行为护理改善抑郁症患者功能失调性认知的研究

目的:探讨认知行为护理对抑郁症患者功能失调性认知的疗效。方法:将符合CCMD-3抑郁症诊断标准的首发抑郁症患者共86例随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各43例。在维持药物治疗的基础上,对照组采用常规护理,研究组合并认知行为护理。于治疗前及治疗后第4周、第8周采用功能失调性状况评定量表(DAS)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评价护理疗效。结果:2组患者治疗后第4周、第8周HAMD评分较治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.05),治疗后第4周、第8周研究组HAMD评分较对照组均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。2组治疗后第4周、第8周DAS总分及DAS各因子分较治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗后第4周、第8周DAS总分、完美化因子、依赖性因子、认知哲学因子2组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗后第8周,吸引和排斥因子、强制性因子、自主性态度因子2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:认知矫正治疗能改善抑郁症患者功能失调性认知的缺陷。     

认知行为疗法联合心理护理对银屑病患者治疗效果的影响

目的：探讨认知行为疗法联合心理干预对银屑病患者治疗效果的影响。方法选择在该院治疗的银屑病患者135例,将所有患者随机分为2组,对照组48例给予皮肤科常规护理及健康教育,观察组87例在对照组的基础上给予认知行为疗法联合心理护理干预措施,观察2组患者的临床疗效,比较2组患者的治疗依从性、护理满意度及住院时间,应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、生活质量指数（DLQI）在患者入院当天和出院前1d对患者心理健康及生活质量状况进行调查。结果观察组患者的治疗总依从性、护理总满意度及临床总有效率均显著高于对照组,住院时间短于对照组;治疗后2组SDS、SAS及DLQI评分均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论认知行为疗法联合心理干预应用于银屑病患者的护理中,临床效果显著,可明显提高患者的自我管理行为,减轻银屑病患者的焦虑、抑郁状态,提高生活质量,在银屑病的治疗、预防、康复中具有重要作用。     

集体心理治疗对阿片类依赖者疗效的自我评定

目的:探索对阿片类药物依赖者进行集体心理治疗的效果。方法:94例患者根据DSM-IV诊断为阿片类药物依赖。患者在接受集体心理治疗,填写《集体心理治疗自评量表》,对其治疗效果进行了评估。结果:进行集体心理治疗的阿片类药物依赖者中,对集体治疗较满意者40例(42.6%),很满意者44例(46.8%);认为集体治疗对了解戒毒相关知识有些帮助者20例(21.3%),很有帮助者72例(76.6%);认为集体治疗对增强戒毒信心有些帮助者19例(20.2%),很有帮助者75例(79.8%);认为集体治疗较重要者23例(24.5%),很重要者68例(72.3%);认为集体治疗对安心戒毒有些帮助者13例(13.8%),很有帮助者80例(85.1%)。结论:集体心理治疗作为一种心理康复重要手段是有效的,值得深入和推广。     

糖耐量减低患者饮食治疗认知行为干预效果分析

目的：探讨饮食治疗认知行为干预对糖耐量减低（IGT）患者的效果。方法：将92例IGT患者随机分为干预组（46例）与对照组（46例）。对干预组进行为期12个月的饮食治疗认知行为干预,对照组患者进行常规门诊治疗。比较干预前、后两组患者饮食治疗知识知晓率、糖尿病年转化率和血糖指标的差异。结果：干预12个月后干预组患者的饮食治疗知识知晓率高于对照组,糖尿病年转化率、血糖值明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：饮食治疗认知行为干预对降低患者糖尿病的发生有一定效果。