卵巢恶性血管外皮瘤1例

患者女,56岁,发现下腹部包块1年余,无痛性渐增大。近因出现腹疼伴呕吐5d而入院。体检:下腹部明显膨隆。右附件区可扪及一儿头大实性包块,活动度差。子宫体前位,大小摸不清。左附件及外阴、阴道未发现异常。宮颈I°糜烂。X线胸透及血、尿常规检查无异常。身体其它各部位未发现肿物。临床诊断为卵巢肿瘤扭转。行剖腹探查,术中见右卵巢肿物14cm×12cm×10     

左上唇皮肤微囊性附属器癌1例

患者女性,41岁,因发现左上唇唇红上缘肿物2年余入院,肿物略高于正常皮肤表面,颜色稍红,无疼痛、破溃.口内外双合诊,可扪及一2.5 cm×2.0 cm×1.0 cm肿物,质地较硬,与周围组织境界不清,不活动,无触痛.行左上唇病灶扩大切除术,术后予抗炎治疗.     

良性腺性神经鞘瘤一例

患者男,33岁.左膝关节肿物伴疼痛1年.1年前发现左膝关节肿物伴疼痛,生长缓慢,活动.体检无神经纤维瘤病体征.2007年8月17日在门诊行左膝关节包块切除术,术中见肿物位于皮下,边界清楚,直径约2 cm.局部切除送病理.     

婴儿纤维性错构瘤1例

患儿男性,1岁8个月,因发现左肩背部肿物进行性增大8个月就诊.无家族发病史.实验室检查无异常.临床诊断:左肩背部肿物.术中见肿物有完整包膜,质韧.病理检查肿物7 cm×5 cm×5 cm大小,圆形,实性,切面灰白、灰黄相间,似脂肪组织,质韧(图1、2).     

良性腺性神经鞘瘤一例

患者男,33岁.左膝关节肿物伴疼痛1年.1年前发现左膝关节肿物伴疼痛,生长缓慢,活动.体检无神经纤维瘤病体征.2007年8月17日在门诊行左膝关节包块切除术,术中见肿物位于皮下,边界清楚,直径约2 cm.局部切除送病理.     

原发性卵巢恶性淋巴瘤2例

例1,患者22岁,未婚,月经不规则1年,腹部隐痛9个月,因左卵巢肿瘤扭转在外院行切除术。术中发现左卵巢肿瘤最大径为16cm,蒂部分扭转,呈浅黑色,质脆易碎,予以切除,右侧稍小,伴大量血液腹水。术后8d因病理诊断为颗粒细胞瘤转来我     

左腰部肿物

1.病例简介：患者女,46岁.左腰部肿物术后左髋部疼痛、麻木,逐渐加重3年,于2003年11月10日入院.继往史：40年前无明显诱因出现左腰部肿物,无不适感,手术切除;约20年前左腰部再次出现肿物,予以切除;3年前出现肿物,切除后左髋部疼痛、麻木,逐渐加重,于当地穿刺病理诊断为纤维肉瘤.体检：左髋部感觉减退.     

左胸壁肿物

1.病例简介:患者女,23岁.发现左胸壁肿物2个月于2006年7月12日入院.既往史:2001年10月11日因发现左肾区包块30 d在当地医院行左侧多囊肾(肾肿瘤)切除术,术后病理诊断:(左肾)乳头状肾细胞癌.2005年6月23日无意中发现左侧髂窝处肿物2个月于南京某医院行左髂窝肿瘤切除术,病理诊断:左髂窝转移性乳头状癌,结合病史及免疫组织化学结果,符合多房性囊性肾细胞癌转移.体检:一般情况可,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大.     

静脉内平滑肌瘤病累及心脏3例

例1,48岁,欲行子宫肌瘤切除术时,术前超声检查发现"右心房多发肿瘤".因活动后心悸、气促1年余入院.体检:体温36.8 ℃,脉搏80次/min,呼吸20次/min,血压130/80 mm/Hg.口唇轻度发绀.双肺呼吸音清,右侧乳房可见陈旧性手术瘢痕,心界稍有扩大,肺动脉瓣区可闻及轻～中度舒张期杂音.盆腹腔内巨大囊实性占位病变.彩超示:右心房多发黏液瘤、三尖瓣中度关闭不全,肺动脉瓣轻度关闭不全,窦性心律,心脏扩大.胸片示:两肺膨胀性好,肺无实变,两肺下部有少许胸膜反应.心胸比率0.57.全麻体外循环下行右心房多发黏液瘤清除术.术中探查右心房内有一来自下腔静脉的条索样肿物;右心房内未见附着点,考虑来源于腹部.术中发现右心房内肿物为下腔静脉延伸而来,切除心腔内肿物同时切下一段下腔静脉内肿物,切除时未发现肿物末端,考虑肿物延伸路径较长,切除1段送病理检查.同时可见盆腔肿块和腹部肿块,考虑原发病灶为盆腔妇科肿瘤可能性大.     

包涵体性纤维瘤病一例

患儿女,11个月.因左足第五趾末节肿物9个月于2010年11月22日入院.患儿出生2个月后家属发现其左足第五趾肿物并呈缓慢性生长.平素健康,无其他不适.体检:左足第五趾末节显著膨大,为一半圆形肿物,表面皮肤光滑,局部稍粗糙,大小约为2.0 cm×1.5 cm,移动度较差.术中见肿物位于真皮及皮下,切面灰白色,边界欠清,趾骨无侵及.行第五趾骨末节肿物截肢术,术后1个月未见复发.     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.