舒适护理在子宫肌瘤患者围手术期的应用

目的 探讨分析舒适护理在子宫肌瘤患者围手术期的应用价值.方法 选取接受治疗的80例子宫肌瘤患者进行研究,将所有患者随机分为实验组以及对照组,每组40例,对照组予以常规护理,实验组予以舒适护理,实验结束之后,对两组患者护理前后焦虑抑郁评分以及手术过程中舒适度指标进行比较分析.结果 实验组患者焦虑抑郁评分明显低于对照组,手术过程中舒适度指标明显高于对照组,P<0.05.结论 对子宫肌瘤患者围手术期实行舒适护理可有效提升患者舒适度,降低焦虑抑郁评分,减轻其心理负担,值得临床推广应用.     

心理护理路径在股骨颈骨折患者围术期中的应用

目的 探讨心理护理路径在股骨颈骨折患者围术期中的应用效果.方法 遵循随机抽样的原则,选取收治的140例股骨颈骨折患者当作研究对象,对患者的临床资料进行分析.根据护理方案的不同,将140例股骨颈骨折患者分为实验组、对照组两组,各70例,对照组接受常规围术期护理干预,在常规围术期护理干预的基础上实验组应用围术期心理护理路径.对两组患者的心理状况、护理满意度进行观察并比较.结果 护理前,两组的SAS评分、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);护理后,两组的SAS评分、SDS评分均明显降低,且实验组的SAS评分、SDS评分明显低于对照组,同时实验组的护理满意度为98.57％,明显高于对照组的78.57％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 心理护理路径在股骨颈骨折患者围术期中的有效应用,能够缓解患者的不良心理、减轻患者的心理负担,也有利于提高患者的护理满意度.     

聚焦解决模式对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗手术患者焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的：研究聚焦解决模式对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗手术患者焦虑抑郁情绪的影响。方法选取80例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗手术的患者为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各40例,观察组采用聚焦解决模式进行心理护理及干预,对照组则进行传统的心理干预护理,评价两组患者的在干预前后的焦虑抑郁状态。结果两组患者采用SCL－90量表在干预前后对患者进行评价,干预前两组患者评分无统计学差异意义（ P＞0.05）。而干预后观察组患者的评分显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在改善经皮冠状动脉介入治疗手术患者抑郁焦虑等情绪中应用聚焦解决模式具有积极的临床意义。     

全麻手术患者围手术期舒适护理的实施及其护理效果评价

目的探讨全麻手术患者围手术期的舒适护理方法、评估其护理效果。方法260例全麻手术患者随机分为两组,对照组（n=145例）行普通护理,试验组（n=115例）予以围手术期舒适护理,比较两种护理的效果;观测指标有术前和术后焦虑评分、苏醒期躁动发生率、术后镇痛药使用率,就两种护理的观测指标做对比分析。结果试验组患者术前及术后焦虑评定分值均明显低于对照组、苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组（P〈0．01）、术后镇痛药使用率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论围手术期舒适护理能有效缓解全麻手术患者术前及术后的焦虑、减低苏醒期蹂动发生率、降低术后镇痛药使用率。     

护理干预对小儿四肢骨折术后舒适度的改善效果观察

目的 对护理干预对小儿四肢骨折术后舒适度的改善效果进行观察.方法 选取骨科接诊的手术患儿共120例为研究对象,并随机将他们分为对照组与观察组各60例.分别采用护理干预与常规护理的方法对观察组与对照组患者进行护理.观察两组患儿骨折术后舒适度的改善情况,并对两组患儿术后疼痛及焦虑度的改善情况及对护理工作的满意度进行比较.结果 观察组患儿经护理干预后焦虑情绪评分下降值和对照组比较差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患儿的疼痛程度比较,观察组明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在对护理工作的满意度比较上,观察组满意率为96.67%,对照组为71.67%,观察组明显由于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 运用护理干预对小儿四肢骨折术后患者进行护理,可明显改善患儿术后的舒适度,降低小儿术后疼痛感,使患儿家长的焦虑情绪明显缓解,提高了护理满意度,促进了护患关系的和谐发展.     

电视胸腔镜治疗脓胸及包裹性胸腔积液的围手术期护理研究

目的 研究电视胸腔镜治疗脓胸及包裹性胸腔积液的围手术期护理措施.方法 分析治疗的96例脓胸及包裹性胸腔积液患者临床资料,将其随机分为对照组和研究组,每组48例患者.对照组患者给予常规护理,研究组患者给予围术期针对性护理,对比两组患者临床护理效果.结果 研究组患者并发症发生率、复发率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 临床给予电视胸腔镜治疗的脓胸及包裹性胸腔积液患者针对性的围手术期护理,提高了临床治疗有效率,减少了并发症发生率,降低了复发率,具有临床应用的重要意义.     

心理护理对伽玛刀治疗肺癌患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响

目的 探讨心理护理对伽玛刀治疗肿瘤患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响.方法 将64例行伽玛刀治疗的肺癌患者分为对照组和干预组,对照组给予伽玛刀治疗,干预组在伽玛刀治疗的基础上给予心理护理,两组在治疗前后进行抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）测试.结果 经伽玛刀治疗后干预组SDS、SAS评分,以及抑郁、焦虑程度均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,差异有统计学意义.结论 心理护理能使经伽玛刀治疗患者的焦虑、抑郁程度明显减轻,改善患者生活质量.     

STA无痛麻醉对缓解老年高血压患者拔牙焦虑的临床研究

目的 了解STA无痛麻醉仪对于缓解老年高血压患者拔牙焦虑的效果.方法 对同一组患高血压病的老年患者分别使用STA无痛麻醉仪(实验组)和传统麻醉方法进行麻醉,比较两种方法的麻醉效果及患者术中焦虑程度.结果 (1)实验组患者在麻醉后、拔牙后与麻醉前相比,收缩压、舒张压均无明显变化,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)实验组视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)、改良的牙科焦虑量表(modified dental anxiety scale,MDAS)均值均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)局部组织舒适度上,实验组得分(1.1±0.3)显著低于对照组(2.8±0.5),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应用STA无痛麻醉仪进行口腔局部麻醉能有效缓解老年高血压患者的拔牙焦虑,提高临床舒适度.     

护理干预在低蛋白血症肝移植患者围术期预防压疮的研究

 目的 观察采用护理干预预防肝移植围术期低蛋白血症患者发生压疮的效果.方法 将109例肝移植患者分为对照组(48例)和干预组(61例).对照组行常规措施预防压疮,干预组在常规预防的基础上,根据评分分级制定相应的护理预防措施.结果 两组肝移植患者的压疮发生率分别为10.42%及1.64%(P=0.046),两组之间差异具有统计学意义.结论 护理干预能有效降低肝移植围术期低蛋白血症患者压疮的发生率.     

超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜手术的应用价值

目的 探讨超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的应用价值。方法 选取我院接受胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的70例患者,按照随机法分为观察组35例(接受全身麻醉复合胸椎旁神经阻滞,联合术后静脉镇痛);对照组35例(接受全身麻醉及术后静脉镇痛),对比两组患者围术期血压及心率指标。结果 观察组T1～T4四个时间点的血压及心率均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组在术后1h、6h、12h以及24h四个时间点,VAS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6h至24h时间段内,观察组的CD4⁺水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率11.43%,显著低于对照组的34.43%。结论 胸腔镜手术中开展超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞有助于稳定患者术中血压和心率,降低术后疼痛及并发症。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.