2013年奉化市中小学生视力状况调查

目的了解2013年度奉化市中小学生视力状况,以便制定科学有效的防治措施。方法 2013年1月-12月对奉化市960名中小学生(6~15岁)进行裸眼视力检查,并分析检查结果。结果小学生轻度视力低下率为5.72%明显低于中学生12.24%,视力正常率为88.33%明显高于中学生81.84%。小学女生视力低下率为10.10%显著低于中学女生28.51%。小学生近视率为36.16%显著低于中学生近视率46.46%,视力正常率为50.34%显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小学生轻度近视率为65.82%明显低于中学生55.97%,中度近视率为31.64%明显高于中学生41.46%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论奉化市视力低下的发生率相对较少,但是近视的发生率相对较高,且女生近视率高于男生,需加强用眼指导。     

莆田市城厢区中小学生视力调查结果分析

目的了解中小学生近视发病率,制定相应防治措施,保护学生视力健康。方法按照《学生常见病监测技术规范》,由专业医师采用对数视力表标准灯箱进行检查,凡裸眼视力≥5.0者为正常视力,5.0者为视力低下,有1只眼视力低下记为1个视力低下人数。结果城厢区小学生视力低下率为25.0%,其中男生为24.8%,女生为25.2%;初中生视力低下率为39.6%,其中男生35.2%,女生44.3%;高中生视力低下率为74.9%,其中男生71.0%,女生79.1%。不同学习阶段学生视力低下率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);城区学生视力低下率比农村高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论城厢区中小学生视力低下率较高,应引起学校和家长重视。     

临沂市兰山区城区2012年中小学生常见病患病状况调查

目的了解临沂市兰山区城区中小学生常见病患病状况,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照卫生部《学校卫生情况年报表填表说明及技术规范要求》,对临沂市兰山区城区16 304名中小学生的视力、龋齿、沙眼、身高、体重进行检查,并对检查结果做进一步分析。结果城区中小学生视力低下率、龋患率、沙眼患病率、营养不良率、肥胖率分别为37.71%、45.57%、1.74%、23.68%、5.66%;中学生视力低下率、沙眼患病率、营养不良率均高于小学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=185.25、15.17、23.44,P0.01);女生视力低下率、龋患率、营养不良率均高于男生(χ2=314.72、23.46、14.89,P0.01)。结论此次调查表明临沂市兰山区城区常见病发病形势不容乐观,龋齿、视力不良、营养不良成为学生常见病防治重点,城区女生的视力不良率、龋患率、营养不良率均高于男生,学校及有关部门更应关注女生的健康状况。     

2007～2009年郴州市城区某中学初中生视力动态分析

[目的]了解郴州市初中生的视力发展趋势和规律,为相关部门制定更有针对性的学生防治近视策略提供科学依据。[方法]对郴州市城区某中学2007年入学新生的视力不良情况连续3年的监测。[结果]2007~2009年,调查对象的视力不良率分别为48.56%、61.30%、75.17%(P<0.01)。2007~2009年,女生视力不良率均高于男生(P<0.01或<0.05)。视力不良者中重度视力不良者所占比例,3年分别为15.60%、18.15%、29.63%(P<0.01),其中女生分别为16.22%、17.88、30.99%,男生分别为14.17%、16.71%、27.03(P>0.05)。[结论]初中学生入学后视力不良率逐年升高,女生尤为严重;视力不良程度逐年加重。     

汕头市中学生视力状况调查

目的了解汕头市中学生的视力状况,为采取防制措施提供依据。方法于2004年5月按《全国中小学生健康监护技术规范》对汕头市省、市直属中学在校初、高中学生进行裸眼视力检测。结果共调查学生9 014人,其中视力低下者6 799人,占75.4%,重度视力低下者占总数的51.2%(4 612/9 014)。初中生和高中生的视力低下率分别为77.3%(1 483/1 919)和74.9%(5 316/7 095),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),初中各年级学生的视力低下率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);女生视力低下率(77.3%)高于男生(73.2%)(P<0.01)。结论汕头市中学生视力低下情况较为严重,应积极采取措施,早预防、早治疗。     

重点中小学与普通中小学学生视力状况分析

本文共调查8所中小学(重点小学、重点中学、普通小学、普通中学各2所)在校学生10333名,视力不良率为45.9％。男生视力不良率为42.96％,女生为49.61％,女生高于男生(P<0.01)。重点小学、重点中学初中与高中视力不良率分别为31.74％,61.25％,75.41％;普通小学、普通中学初中与高中分别为14.21％,40.82％,43.81％。重点中小学生的视力不良率均高于普通中小学生(P     

长沙市某重点中学2005-2009年视力监测结果分析

目的了解和掌握长沙市某重点中学学生视力低下的现状和发展趋势。方法对2005-2009年学生健康监测中的视力资料进行统计分析。结果 2005-2009年长沙市某重点中学学生视力低下率不断升高,从2005年的81.35%上升到2009年的90.66%;高中生视力低下率高于初中生,女生视力低下率高于男生。结论学校学生视力低下状况非常严重,加强近视预防和健康教育刻不容缓。     

廊坊市2006与2010年中小学生视力低下状况比较

目的比较廊坊市2006和2010年中小学生视力低下状况,为有效控制学生视力低下、推进学生素质教育提供参考。方法用SPSS软件对2006和2010年廊坊市城区监测点校学生的视力低下监测结果进行统计分析。结果 2006至2010年,5年中小学生视力低下率由42.79%上升至49.11%,初中生由44.75%上升到59.85%,高中生由72.79%上升至78.07%,重点小学视力低下率由51.73%上升至53.84%,重点高中视力低下率由87.12%上升至90.05%。2010年中小学生视力低下率明显高于2006年,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);同一年度内重点学校学生视力低下率明显高于非重点学校学生,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);2010与2006年同一类别学校学生视力低下率比较,非重点小学、重点高中、非重点高中学生视力低下率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),重点小学学生视力低下率没有显著差别(P>0.05);女生视力低下率明显高于男生,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论学习负担重、睡眠不足、户外锻炼少、重点学校的升学率效应导致学生的聚集性使学习环境不合理,读写姿势不正确是学生视力低下主要原因。建议全社会共同关注学生素质教育,保护学生视力,促进学生体质健康。     

曲阜市中学生视力状况调查

目的了解曲阜市中学生的视力状况,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法于2006年9月份按《全国中小学生健康监护技术规范》对曲阜市直属中学在校读初、高中生进行裸眼视力检查。结果共调查学生9014人,其中视力低下者6799人,占75.4%,重度视力低下者占总数的51.2%(4612/9014)。初中生和高中生的视力低下率分别为77.3%(1483/1919)和74.9%(5316/7095),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);初中各年级学生的视力低下率差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);女生视力低下率(77.3%)高于男生(73.2%)(P<0.01)。结论曲阜市中学生视力低下情况较为严重,应积极采取措施,早预防、早治疗。     

2004年龙岩市中学生视力状况调查

[目的]了解龙岩市中学生的视力现状及其变化趋势,为开展视力保护提供科学依据。[方法]2004年9～12月,对龙岩市4所中学生的视力状态进行调查。[结果]检查9532人,近视4310人,患病率45.22%,近视患病率高中(57.67%)高于初中(37.35%),女生(54.40%)高于男生(37.28%),重点学校(55.62%)高于普通学校(37.27%),近视程度随学习阶段的升高而加重。[结论]中学生近视患病率较高,应广泛开展宣传教育,加强中学生视力低下的防治措施,保护学生视力。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.