涉及后关节面跟骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨跟骨骨折的的病理机制、内置物选择、手术适应证及伤口处置的方法等。方法对19例(25足)SandersⅡ型(8足)、Ⅲ型(12足)、Ⅳ型(5足)行开放复位H型钛板内固定,采用外侧入路,复位后跟骨后关节面骨质缺损明显者取自体髂骨植骨。结果术后平均随访8个月,依据Kerr术后评定标准:优14足,良16足,可1足,优良率95%。1例伤口感染,6周后去除内固定物伤口愈合。结论开放复位+钛板固定治疗跟骨骨折充分恢复了Bohler’s角、距下关节面的平整,维持相关动力装置的正常张力,消除了移位骨折块对软组织的不良刺激。正确的内置物选择、细致的伤口处理及谨慎的植骨适应证控制,明显提高了疗效,显著降低病残率。     

切开复位内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折的疗效分析

目的 评定切开复位内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折的疗效,并分析其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2004年3月至2006年7月收治的采用切开复位内固定治疗的移位跟骨关节内骨折40例(46足).按照Sanders分型:Ⅱ型16足,Ⅲ型19足,Ⅳ型11足,总结评定其临床疗效并分析影响疗效的相关因素. 结果 所有患者均得到随访,平均随访18个月(13～28个月).根据Maryland足部评分系统评价术后疗效:优21足,良16足,可6足,差3足,优良率82.6%.优良率在不同骨折类型中分别为:Ⅱ型93.8%(15/16),Ⅲ型84.2%(16/19),1V型54.5%(6/11);伤后至手术时间≤14 d组和＞14d组分别为87.2%(34/38)和42.9%(3/8);在术后B0hler角＜15°组和≥15°组分别为37.5%(2/9)和89.5%(35/37);关节面复位质量≤2 mm组和＞2 mm组分别为91.2%(32/33)和45.5%(5/13).对各因素的优良率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 切开复位内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折,治疗效果好.骨折类型、伤后至手术时间、术后Bohler角的恢复程度、关节内骨折的复位质量为影响其术后疗效的重要因素.     

Three-dimensional computed tomography is not indicated for the classification and characterization of calcaneal fractures

This study determined inter- and intra-observer reliability for measurement of the angles of Böhler and Gissane, for the decision between surgical or conservative management and for the three mostly used classification systems for calcaneal fractures with the use of 2D-CT imaging versus 2D- and 3D-CT imaging.     

Surgical treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures: description of a technique using an adjustable uniplanar external fixator

Several surgical techniques are available for the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. The use of a uniplanar external fixator is an option for the treatment of fractures classified as Sanders types 2 and 3. Satisfactory reduction and stabilisation of the fracture are achieved by means of mini-incisions and fixator adjustment. The advantages of this technique include less soft-tissue damage, avoidance of internal implants and early weight-bearing with the potential to improve postoperative recovery.     

Complications following the extended lateral approach for calcaneal fractures do not influence mid- to long-term outcome

Background and aim

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular calcaneal fractures through an extended lateral approach is frequently accompanied by a high complication rate. However, ORIF currently provides the best long-term clinical results. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to evaluate both mid- to long-term clinical and radiological results of a consecutive series treated by ORIF and (2) to determine the influence of short-term complications on long-term clinical outcome.

Methods

Patients with a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture, treated with ORIF, through an extended lateral approach, in a level-2 trauma centre between 1995 and 2008 were evaluated for the study. The long-term functional outcome (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) and radiographic results (e.g., Böhler and Gissane angle, height, width and joint reduction) were determined. Short- and long-term complications were documented.

Results

A total of 57 patients matched the inclusion criteria, from which 39 patients agreed to participate in this study (68%). The median follow-up was 6.5 years (range 2–16 years). Based on the AOFAS hindfoot score, 74% of the patients had a good-to-excellent long-term clinical result. Radiological results were satisfying with a median postoperative Böhler angle of 26° and 25° at follow-up. Complications occurred in 32% of all patients; mainly wound-healing problems were noted. Short-term complications did not influence mid- to long-term clinical results (p > 0.05). Anatomic reconstruction of the calcaneus was associated with improved long-term clinical results (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Despite the high complication rate following ORIF of a calcaneal fracture, complications do not affect mid- to long-term clinical outcome. Surgical treatment should focus on restoring the anatomy.Level of evidence: Therapeutic level IV.     

Intraarticular calcaneal fractures Operative management

AMEDLINEsearchwasperformedtoidentifystudiespublishedinthelast3years(January2000toSeptember2002)ontheoperativemanagementofin-traarticularfracturesofthecalcaneal.Fromalistof55articlesidentifiedfromthesearchstrategy,sevenreportedontheoperativemanagementofthesefractures,andthesearticlesareincludedinthisappraisal.Allwereretrospectivecaseseries.Weexcludedstudiesevaluatingthenonoperativemanagementofthesefractures,theuseofbonegraftingtechniques,orprimarysubtalararthrodesis.StudiesStudy1HuangPJ,H…     

跟骨关节内骨折--手术治疗

这些研究没有证明何种方法是治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折的最佳手术方法。应该对比较性临床研究进行探讨，尤其是不同治疗方法与潜在的风险因素如骨折类型的相关性。     

切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

跟骨骨折多为高处坠落伤所致,损伤机制为偏心负荷引起的剪切、压缩骨折,多累及距下关节面,属关节内骨折。2000-2004年我科采用切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折并获得随访20例,取得满意效果。1临床资料本组20例,男15例,女5例;年龄20~60岁。均为闭合性骨折。术前均摄跟骨正侧位     

克氏针加植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折

跟骨骨折系足部常见损伤,治疗方法及临床疗效各异.自2000年1月-2004年5月,我院收治23例跟骨骨折,其中关节内骨折18例,采用切开复位克氏针固定、取外踝植骨治疗,经6～20个月（平均10个月）随访,疗效满意,现报告如下。     

Shoulder arthroplasty for complex proximal humeral fractures

Abstract Displaced proximal humeral fractures represent less than 4%-5% of all fractures. The management of these fractures varies widely and includes conservative treatment, open reduction with internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty. Even if shoulder replacement has increased exponentially over the past decades for the treatment of these injuries and has been studied in large series, there is no general agreement on the optimal management of these fractures. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to collect and evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the different treatments for complex proximal humeral fractures, with particular attention to the real value of shoulder arthroplasty compared to nonoperative treatment or internal fixation. A literature analysis was performed on the different strategies, to find the best scientific evidences on this topic.S. Campi, GLOBE Working Group for Evidence-Based Orthodontics     

跟骨关节内骨折的诊断与治疗

跟骨骨折是跗骨中最常见的骨折,约75%的跟骨骨折为关节内骨折。虽然跟骨骨折的治疗经验日益增多,但对其诊断和处理仍存在争论,包括最合适的分类方法、治疗方法的选择、手术治疗的指征、手术入路及术后处理等。本文对跟骨关节内骨折的诊断和治疗进行综述。对于有移位的跟骨关节内骨折,手术疗效优于保守治疗。     

外固定架在跟骨关节内骨折治疗中的作用

目的探讨外固定架在跟骨关节内骨折治疗中的作用。方法1996年9月～2005年9月间收治69例跟骨关节内骨折患者，根据治疗方法将其分为两组，外固定架组（31例）在术中应用外固定架进行辅助显露复位或辅助固定，对照组（38例）未用该方法。骨折分型采用Sanders关节内骨折的CT分型，其中Ⅱ型骨折19例（外固定架组9例，对照组10例），Ⅲ型骨折29例（外固定架组12例，对照组17例），Ⅳ型骨折21例（外固定架组10例，对照组11例）。功能结果采用Maryland评分标准评定。结果平均随访时间61个月（16～102个月）。Maryland评分结果：Ⅱ型骨折得分两组之间差异无统计学意义（P=0．760）；Ⅲ型骨折得分两组差异有统计学意义（P=0．042）；Ⅳ型骨折得分两组差异有统计学意义（P=0．037）。外固定架组临床评分总体优于对照组（P=0．015）。并发症包括皮肤坏死、感染、创伤性关节炎等。外固定架组皮肤坏死及创伤性关节炎发生显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P=0．030．0．028）。结论外固定架辅助显露可降低皮肤坏死并发症，辅助韧带整复作用以及微创固定方式可提高Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型骨折复位质量而减少术后创伤性关节炎的发生，有利于足部功能恢复。     

Treatment of intra-articular fractures of Os calcis with open reduction,internal fixation and bone graft

Surgical Principles The subtalar joint is a major weight bearing joint in the lower limb. Displaced intra-articular fractures of the os calcis should be treated with anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation to allow early mobilization. Intra-articular fractures of the os calcis lead to loss of joint congruity, and impaction of the cancellous bone. Bone grafting, together with stable internal fixation, allow early mobilization and weight bearing after surgery. The operation is done with the lateral approach which allows direct access to the fracture site. The subchondral bone, the sustentaculum tali and the medio-inferior part of the os calcis provide good bone stock for the purchase of screws. After reduction and fixation of the depressed fragments, the space is filled with cortico-cancellous grafts. The lateral wall of the os calcis is buttressed with a plate. Postoperatively, passive mobilization is started early, walking with a weight relieving calliper lasts for the first six weeks and graduated weight bearing is started on the seventh week.     

Broden位X线监控在跟骨关节内骨折手术中的运用

目的:评价Broden位X线监控在跟骨关节内骨折切开复位内固定手术中的价值。方法:19例23足(男15例,女4例;左侧16足,右侧7足)跟骨关节内骨折切开复位手术中侧轴位X线监控满意的患者,增加Broden位X线监控,评价其关节面情况。结果:单纯依靠跟骨侧位和轴位片评价复位质量良好的7例在Broden位X线监控下发现关节复位质量不佳,主要是关节面分离。结论:Broden位X线监控可以良好显示跟骨骨折关节面复位情况,有助于医生在手术中完成解剖复位。     

A modified technique for the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with the use of the Ilizarov apparatus

The management of intra-articular calcaneal fractures during the past years has been ranged from the nihilistic approach of no active treatment to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or even to early subtalar arthrodesis. The management of such fractures with the use of circular external fixators in a closed fashion or in combination with minimal approach is demonstrated in our study. The midterm results of 36 intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated between 1996 and 2003 with the use of the Ilizarov apparatus according to our modified operative strategy are presented. In treating calcaneal fractures, the classic Essex-Lopresti classification into depression and tongue type has been proved very useful in our hands. While the depression-type fractures can be reduced through skeletal traction and the above-mentioned minimal approach, tongue-type fractures can cause difficulties in reducing and especially maintaining the reduction of the tongue fragment. Especially for these fractures, a combined technique was applied by reducing the fracture with Steinmann pins according to the Essex-Lopresti method and incorporating them into the Ilizarov apparatus. This technique appears to be a lot easier and more accurate than the alternative bent-wire technique for reducing and holding down a tongue fragment. The original Essex-Lopresti manipulation alone with plaster immobilization does not allow weight bearing and is associated with regional osteoporosis. Apart from the Essex-Lopresti classification, the material was also categorized by the widely accepted Sanders CT classification for comparison of our results to those of the literature. The SF-36 patient-oriented general health status questionnaire was utilized before, during, and after the treatment period to assess patients satisfaction levels. We propose this operative strategy as an option for the treatment of all calcaneal fractures.The authors have not received and will not receive benefits for personal or professional use from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. No funds were received in support of this study.     

不同类型桡骨头骨折的治疗

目的 探讨不同类型桡骨头骨折的治疗方法及疗效.方法 2004年2月至2008年4月收治的57例桡骨头骨折的患者,根据Mason分型,其中Ⅰ型12例、Ⅱ型24例、Ⅲ型19例、Ⅳ型2例.针对不同类型骨折选择相应的治疗方法.结果 术后随访时间为18～48个月,平均28.4个月.根据Broberg和Morrey肘关节功能评分标准评定:优29例,良18例,可9例,差1例;优良率为82.5％.术后无一例发生肘部感染和神经损伤,1例发生骨不连,4例有创伤性关节炎表现,3例发生异位骨化,1例有肘关节不稳定表现.其中MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折患者术后患侧肘关节活动范围小于健侧,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 单纯MasonⅠ型骨折可行保守治疗;Ⅱ型骨折治疗需慎重,存在肘关节不稳定的需行切开复位内固定术;Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骨折可行切开复位内固定或桡骨头置换术,同时注意修补或重建韧带以稳定肘关节,对桡骨头切除要谨慎.     

The use of circular fine wire frames for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures

Background

The treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures is still controversial.

Materials and methods

Sixteen consecutive patients admitted at University Hospital with intra-articular fractures were treated with fine wire circular frames and followed up at an average of 160 days from their injuries. We focused on radiological outcome and functional outcome using a patient-based questionnaire.

Results

We had no secondary reconstruction procedures. With the numbers available, the difference between the preoperative values and the follow-up measurements for Böhler’s angle, Gissane’s angle and posterior subtalar joint space was not statistically significant (P = 0.8, P = 0.2, and P = 0.4, respectively). The standardized AAOS FAS ranged from 42 to 96, with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 19.

Conclusions

Fine wire circular frame is a good alternative to ORIF in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, yielding good patient function, a high return-to-work rate and a low complication rate.     

经皮撬拨复位治疗跟骨骨折

2003年6月～2007年12月,我们采用经皮撬拨复位治疗跟骨骨折22例,疗效满意。     

Gamma钉固定治疗367例股骨转子间骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨Gamma钉崮定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效.方法 2000年10月至2006年12月应用Gamma钉治疗367例股骨转子间骨折患者,男135例,女232例;平均年龄73.1岁(20～103岁);低能量损伤309例,高能量损伤58例;骨折根据AO分型:31-A1型117例,A2型208例,A3型42例.受伤至手术时间平均为4.7 d(1～17 d).术后定期摄片随访,采用自报告髋关节Harris评分(HHS)量表对骨折前和末次随访时的髋关节功能进行评估;记录患者对手术效果的整体满意度.结果 331例患者术后获4～106个月(平均16.1个月)随访.330例患者骨折获愈合,愈合时间平均为14.2周(12～24周);1例发生不愈合,愈合率为99.7%.28例患者术后发生并发症.根据自报告HHS量表评分:骨折前评分为31～90分,平均(84.6±10.0)分;末次随访时评分为19～90分,平均(75.8±12.8)分,差异有统计学意义(t=6.510,P=0.000).212例随访时间超过1年的患者术后1年对手术结果的满意度:满意135例(63.7%),比较满意67例(31.6%),一般6例(2.8%),不满意4例(1.9%).51.4%(109/212)的患者术后存在不同程度的疼痛或不适.结论 Gamma钉固定是治疗股骨转子问骨折的有效方法,但治疗后局部疼痛和髋关节评分下降仍较明显,手术效果还有待于进一步提高.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Gamma nails in treatment of intertroehanteric fractures.Methods From October 2000 to December 2006,we used Gamma nails to treat 367 patients with intertrochanteric fractures.They were 135 males and 232 females,aged from 20 to 103years(average,73.1 years).Low-impact injury was found in 309 patients and high-velocity injury in 58patients.By AO classification,there were 117 cases of type A1,208 cases of type A2 and 42 cases of type A3.The period from injury to operation was 4.7 days on average,ranging from 1 to 17 days.The postoperative hip radiographs and the patient's satisfaction were evaluated.The Harris hip score(HHS)self-report was used to compare hip functions before fracture and at the last follow-up. Results Of all the patients,331were followed up for 4 to106 months(mean,16.1 months).On average,99.7%of the fractures(330 cases)healed in 14.2 weeks(range,12 to 24 weeks).Postoperative complications occurred in 28 cases.The average HHS before fracture was 84.6±10.0 points(range,31 to 90),which significantly decreased at the finial follow-up to 75.8±12.8 points(range,19 to 90)(t=6.510,P=0.000).63.7%(135/212)of the patients rated the treatment outcome as excellent,31.6%(67/212)as good,2.8%(6/212)as fair,and 1.9%(4/212)as poor.51.4%(109/212)of the patients felt more or less pain in the hip. Conclusions Gamma nails are effective in treatment of intertroehanteric fractures.However,as the postoperative local pain is evident and the postoperative hip function decreases obviously,this operation needs to be improved.     

Circular frame fixation for calcaneal fractures risks injury to the medial neurovascular structures: A cadaveric description

AimThere is a risk of iatrogenic injury to the soft tissues of the calcaneus and this study assesses the risk of injury to these structures in circular frame calcaneal fracture fixation.Materials and methodsAfter olive tip wires were inserted, an L-shaped incision on the lateral and medial aspects of 5 formalin fixed cadaveric feet was performed to expose the underlying soft tissues. The calcaneus was divided into zones corresponding to high, medium and low risk using a grading system.ResultsStructures at high risk included the posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein and posterior tibial nerve on the medial aspect. Soft tissue structures on the lateral side that were shown to be at lower risk of injury were the small saphenous vein and the sural nerve and the tendons of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis.ConclusionThe lateral surface of the calcaneus provides a lower risk area for external fixation. The risk of injury to significant soft tissues using a circular frame fixation approach has been shown to be greater on the medial aspect.Clinical relevanceThis study highlights the relevant anatomical relations in circular frame fixation for calcaneal fractures to minimise damage to these structures.