小檗胺对ATP诱导的培养平滑肌及心肌细胞内游离钙动员的影响

目的:研究小檗胺(Ber)对ATP诱导的细胞内钙动员的作用。方法:以Fura 3-AM负载培养的VSMC和心肌细胞,共聚焦技术检测细胞内钙荧光强度的变化。结果:(1)ATP使VSMC和心肌细胞内钙升高,但VSMC核区不明显。(2)Ber对静息荧光强度无影响,但降低ATP升高的胞内钙(P<0.01),Ber 100μmol·L~(-1)延长达峰值的时间(P<0.01),并不能完全抑制ATP升高的胞内钙。(3)在无外钙时,Ber对ATP诱导的胞内钙升高无抑制作用(P>0.05)。(4)Ber的作用与维拉帕米(Ver)相似。结论:ATP引起细胞外钙内流和内钙释放,Ber可阻断ATP引起的外钙内流,对其内钙释放无影响。     

小檗胺对高钾,去甲肾上腺素及咖啡因引起大鼠心肌细胞内钙动拮？…

AIM: To study the effects of berbamine (Ber) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) mobilized by KCl depolarization, norepinephrine (NE), and caffeine. METHODS: [Ca2+]i was measured with fluorescent intensity (FI) by confocal microscope in single cultured cardiomyocytes of newborn rats loaded with Fluo 3-AM 2 mumol.L-1. RESULTS: FI value of [Ca2+]i in control level was 248 +/- 70 in the presence of extracellular calcium 1.5 mmol.L-1 and was not changed by Ber 3-30 mumol.L-1. KCl (60 mmol.L-1)- and NE (30 mumol.L-1)-induced [Ca2+]i mobilizations were inhibited (P < 0.01) by Ber 30 mumol.L-1, similar to that of verapamil (Ver). The inhibitory effect of Ber on [Ca2+]i induced by KCl was further increased (P < 0.05) in the presence of egtazic acid 3 mmol.L-1, but that on [Ca2+]i induced by NE was not changed. The [Ca2+]i mobilized by caffeine 80 and 160 mumol.L-1 in D-Hanks' solution was not affected (P > 0.05) by Ber and Ver. CONCLUSION: Ber possessed the antagonistic effects on [Ca2+]i increases via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel and receptor-operated Ca2+ channel in newborn rat cardiomyocytes, but without effect on intracellular Ca2+ release.     

小檗胺对ROCC介导的血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙的影响

目的　研究小檗胺 (BA)对受体调控性Ca2 +通道介导的家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙 ([Ca2 +]i)的影响。方法　家兔主动脉血管平滑肌以Fluo 3/AM负载 ,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜 (LSCM )测定 [Ca2 +]i。结果　在细胞外Ca2 +存在的条件下 ,BA 30 μmol·L-1不影响静息[Ca2 +]i;但对去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 30mmol·L-1、5 羟色胺 (5 HT) 1μmol·L-1诱导的 [Ca2 +]i 升高有明显的抑制作用。在无胞外钙时 ,对咖啡因 40mmol·L-1诱导的 [Ca2 +]i 升高没有作用。结论　BA对ROCC激活后的外钙内流有明显的抑制作用 ,对内钙释放没有影响。其作用与维拉帕米相似     

Vasopressin-evoked [Ca2+]i responses in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

The presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1 receptors on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) linked to processes capable of elevating intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) is now firmly established. This study examined the sources and signaling involved in [Ca2+]i elevations evoked by AVP in NRCs. AVP promoted increases in both [Ca2+]i and 1,4,5-inositoltrisphosphate (IP3) levels in NRCs. The degree of [Ca2+]i elevation was less than that of angiotensin II, but greater than that of endothelin-1. Extracellular Mg2+ depletion led to diminution of the maximal [Ca2+]i response, with a rightward shift in the concentration-response curves to AVP. The phospholipase C inhibitors, D-609, NCDC, or U73122, and the IP3 receptor blocker, heparin, abolished the [Ca2+]i response to AVP. Neither cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin nor PKC inhibition with staurosporine had any effect. Neither ryanodine nor caffeine, which deplete sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores, nor ruthenium red, which inhibits both SR and mitochondrial Ca2+ stores, affected [Ca2+]i responses to AVP. The SR Ca2+ pump inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid, abolished, and removal of extracellular Ca2+ attenuated, the response to AVP. These data indicate that activation of cardiac V1 receptors by AVP results in mobilization of Ca2+ from a distinct, non-SR, nonmitochondrial, intracellular Ca2+ pool that is Ca2+ pump replenished and IP3 sensitive. This process occurs secondary to phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated generation of IP3, requires the presence of Mg2+ and extracellular Ca2+, and occurs in a manner independent of PKC and cyclooxygenase activation. Such mechanisms of Ca2+ mobilization might indicate a distinct role for AVP in cardiac physiology and disease.     

Modulation of carbachol-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations by Ca2+ influx in single intestinal smooth muscle cells.

1. Oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) evoked by carbachol (CCh; 2 microM), a muscarinic agonist, were detected as oscillatory changes of muscarinic receptor-coupled cationic current (Icat) in guinea-pig ileal smooth muscle cells by the whole cell patch-clamp technique. 2. Reduction of extracellular Ca2+ from 2 mM to 0.2 or 0.05 mM, during CCh-induced Icat oscillations, caused them to disappear or to decrease markedly in frequency. A return to 2 mM Ca2+ concentration restored the initial Icat oscillations. 3. Application of nifedipine (1-3 microM) or D600 (2-5 microM) to block the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) decreased the frequency of the ongoing Icat oscillations in the cells held at -20 mV, but it was without effect in cells held at -60 mV. 4. Displacement of the holding potential of -20 mV to -60 mV to deactivate VGCC produced a decrease, an increase or no noticeable change in the frequency of the Icat oscillations in different cells. Displacement to 20 mV to inactivate VGCC invariably produced a decrease in the frequency. In nifedipine-treated cells, the Icat oscillations varied in frequency voltage-dependently in a reverse and linear way within the range -80 to 40 mV. 5. Application of thapsigargin (1 or 2 microM), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-ATPase in the membrane of internal Ca2+ stores, caused CCh-induced Icat oscillations to disappear with a progressing phase during which their amplitude, but not frequency, declined. 6. The results suggest that membrane Ca2+ entry has a crucial role to play in regulation of the frequency of CCh-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in addition to persistence of their generation, and that the effect is brought about by a potential mechanism independent of Ca2+ store replenishment. They also provide evidence that two types of Ca2+ permeant channels, VGCC and an as yet unidentified channel, are involved in the Ca2+ entry responsible for modulation of [Ca2+]i oscillations.     

Doxorubicin-induced vasomotion and [Ca^2＋]i elevation n vascular smooth muscle cells from C57BL/6 mice

Aim:

To explore the action of doxorubicin on vascular smooth muscle cells.

Methods:

Isometric tension of denuded or intact thoracic aortic vessels was recorded and [Ca²⁺]_i in isolated aortic smooth muscle cells was measured by using Fluo-3.

Results:

Doxorubicin induced phasic and tonic contractions in denuded vessels and increased levels of [Ca²⁺]_i in single muscle cells. Treatment with 10 μmol/L ryanodine had no effect on basal tension, but it did abolish doxorubicin-induced phasic contraction. Treatment with 10 mmol/L caffeine induced a transient phasic contraction only, and the effect was not significantly altered by ryanodine, the omission of extracellular Ca²⁺ or both. Phenylephrine induced rhythmic contraction (RC) in intact vessels. Treatment with 100 μmol/L doxorubicin enhanced RC amplitude, but 1 mmol/L doxorubicin abolished RC, with an increase in maximal tension. Caffeine at 100 μmol/L increased the frequency of the RC only. In the presence of 100 μmol/L caffeine, however, 100 μmol/L doxorubicin abolished the RC and decreased its maximal tension. Treatment with 10 μmol/L ryanodine abolished the RC, with an increase in the maximal tension. In Ca²⁺-free solution, doxorubicin induced a transient [Ca²⁺]_i increase that could be abolished by ryanodine pretreatment in single muscle cells. The doxorubicin-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]_i was suppressed by nifedipine and potentiated by ryanodine and charybdotoxin.

Conclusion:

Doxorubicin not only releases Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum but also promotes the entry of extracellular Ca²⁺ into vascular smooth muscle cells.     

Extracellular ATP increases [Ca2+]i in primarily cultured pig coronary smooth muscle cells via a P2Y purinoceptor subtype

In primarily cultured pig coronary smooth muscle cells, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP; 10(-9) to 10(-3) M) dose-dependently increases intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). The [Ca2+]i transients measured by fura-2 fluorescence consist of peak and plateau phases with [Ca2+]i values of 191.84 +/- 5.67 nM (n = 10) and 91.67 +/- 1.89 nM, respectively. In Ca(2+)-free solution, the peak phases persisted, but there was a loss of the plateau response, indicating an initial ATP-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ release and a subsequent transarcolemmal Ca2+ entry. Various agonists have been used to characterize the P2 purinoceptor subtype involved in the ATP-induced Ca2+ transients. The rank order of potency was uridine triphosphate (UTP) > ATP > 2-meSATP > beta,gamma-meATP = alpha,beta-meATP = adenosine = 0. To examine the refilling of ATP-sensitive stores, four repetitive 60-s ATP responses were produced throughout with a 5-min recovery period in between. Now the ATP peaks gradually declined in Ca(2+)-free solution, indicating the emptying of the stores. If, however, Ca2+ entry was allowed in the "refilling period" (i.e., between the ATP pulses), the Ca2+ peaks could be maintained or restored, respectively. The data suggest that the ATP-dependent [Ca2+]i transients may be mediated via a UTP > ATP-activated P2Y purinoceptor subtype, mediating both an intracellular Ca2+ release and a transarcolemmal Ca2+ influx. The refilling of Ca2+ stores may occur through the unstimulated membrane after agonist stimulation. A putative pathway may be a "capacitative" Ca2+ entry induced on depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores.     

Homocysteine reduces smooth muscle [Ca2+]i and constrictor responses of isolated arterioles

Chronic elevation of plasma homocysteine concentration has been shown to be associated with impaired vascular function. The acute direct effect of homocysteine on the tone and vasoactive responses of arterioles and the possible underlying mechanisms, however, have not yet been elucidated. Thus arterioles were isolated from gracilis muscle of rats (d: approximately 130 microm) and their diameter was measured by videomicroscopy. Homocysteine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) elicited dose-dependent dilation of arterioles (maximum: 44+/-6% at 10(-4) M). The dilation was not affected by the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or by removal of the endothelium, or the free radical scavenger catalase and superoxide dismutase, or the K+ channel inhibitors glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine, or tetraethyl ammonium. Incubation of vessels with homocysteine (10(-4) M, 20 min) did not affect dilations to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, whereas it significantly decreased constrictions to norepinephrine (at 10(-6) M; control: 57+/-7%, homocysteine: 21+/-5%) and to the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 (at 10(-8) M: control: 44+/-3%, homocysteine: 20+/-4%). Homocysteine (10(-4) M), similar to the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel inhibitor nitrendipine (10(-8) M), significantly decreased the arteriolar smooth muscle [Ca2+]i as assessed by changes in the fura-2 ratiometric signal (R(Ca), -6+/-1% and -24+/-3%, respectively). These data suggest that in isolated arterioles homocysteine decreases pressure-induced tone and responses to vasoconstrictor agents, likely by altering Ca2+ signaling of arteriolar smooth muscle.     

Characterization of action potential-triggered [Ca2+]i transients in single smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ileum

1. To characterize increases in cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) associated with discharge of action potentials, membrane potential and [Ca²⁺]_i were simultaneously recorded from single smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ileum by use of a combination of nystatin-perforated patch clamp and fura-2 fluorimetry techniques.
2. A single action potential in response to a depolarizing current pulse elicited a transient rise in [Ca²⁺]_i. When the duration of the current pulse was prolonged, action potentials were repeatedly discharged during the early period of the pulse duration with a progressive decrease in overshoot potential, upstroke rate and repolarization rate. However, such action potentials could each trigger [Ca²⁺]_i transients with an almost constant amplitude.
3. Nicardipine (1 μM) and La³⁺ (10 μM), blockers of voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels (VDCCs), abolished both the action potential discharge and the [Ca²⁺]_i transient.
4. Charybdotoxin (ChTX, 300 nM) and tetraethylammonium (TEA, 2 mM), blockers of large conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels, decreased the rate of repolarization of action potentials but increased the amplitude of [Ca²⁺]_i transients.
5. Thapsigargin (1 μM), an inhibitor of SR Ca²⁺-ATPase, slowed the falling phase and somewhat increased the amplitude, of action potential-triggered [Ca²⁺]_i transients without affecting action potentials. In addition, in voltage-clamped cells, the drug had little effect on the voltage step-evoked Ca²⁺ current but exerted a similar effect on its concomitant rise in [Ca²⁺]_i to that on the action potential-triggered [Ca²⁺]_i transient.
6. Similar action potential-triggered [Ca²⁺]_i transients were induced by brief exposures to high-K⁺ solution. They were not decreased, but rather increased, after depletion of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores by a combination of ryanodine (30 μM) and caffeine (10 mM) through an open-lock of Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release (CICR)-related channels.
7. The results show that action potentials, discharged repeatedly during the early period of a long membrane depolarization, undergo a progressive change in configuration but can each trigger a constant rise in [Ca²⁺]_i. Intracellular Ca²⁺ stores have a role, especially in accelerating the falling phase of the action potential-triggered [Ca²⁺]_i transients by replenishing cytosolic Ca²⁺. No evidence was provided for the involvement of CICR in the action potential-triggered [Ca²⁺]_i transient.

     

Opioid receptor antagonists increase [Ca^2＋]i in rat arterial smooth muscle cells in hemorrhagic shock

INTRODUCTION Circulation hypotension induced by hemorrhagicshock is one of the main causes of death after severewounds or trauma. When the hemorrhagic shock hasdeveloped to a decompensatory stage, it is difficult toreverse the hypotension using usual vasoconstrictor,such as norepinephrine. One of the explanations ofhypotension is due to the hyposensitivity of arterialsmooth muscle cells (SMC) to vascular constrictorstimuli[1,2]. Previous studies showed that the vascularhyporesponse was r…     

Statins rise cytoplasmic calcium level [Ca2+]i in cultured endothelial cells

Recently, we have shown that some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) induce immediate pleiotropic effects in vascular endothelium both in vivo and in vitro, to mention only PGI2-mediated thrombolysis in rats and NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in guinea pig coronary circulation. Here we look whether immediate endothelial effect of statins is associated with mobilization of intracellular calcium ions [Ca2+]i in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). We analyzed the effects of various statins (atorvastatin, cerivastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin and pravastatin at concentration of 10-30 microM) on [Ca2+]i in BAEC in comparison to responses induced by bradykinin (Bk) (10 nM), adenosine diphosphate (1 microM), acetylcholine (100 nM), adrenaline (10 microM), serotonin (10 microM) or calcium ionophore A 23187 (0.1 microM) using FURA-2 according to fluorimetric method of Grynkiewicz et al. Basal [Ca2+]i level in BAEC was between 60 and 100 nM. Bk was the most potent to induce [Ca2+]i response. Delta[Ca2+]i induced by Bk was 331.9 +/- 19.49 nM (n = 36). Delta[Ca2+]i induced by statins (30 microM), i.e. atorvastatin, cerivastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin and pravastatin were 66.4 +/- 7.38% (n = 6), 54.8 +/- 10.12% (n = 5), 58.8 +/- 13.9% (n = 8), 27.7 +/- 7.19% (n = 5) and 0% (n = 5) of the response induced by Bk (10 nM), respectively. In summary, all statins tested, except pravastatin, induce immediate increase in [Ca2+]i in endothelium. This pleiotropic activity of statins in endothelium, most likely not related to the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, may represent an intracellular correlate for the immediate release of NO and PGI2 by these drugs that was reported by us previously.     

家兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内钙动员及小檗胺作用的共聚焦研究

观察小檗胺 (Ber) 对高钾除极,Bay K8644,5-羟色胺 (5-HT) 及咖啡因升高细胞内钙水平 (［Ca²⁺］_i) 的影响。以Fluo-3/AM负载家兔培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞 (VSMC),共聚焦显微术测定［Ca²⁺］_i,结果以荧光强度(FI)表示. 结果：(1) 在细胞外钙为1.3 mmol·L^-1时, VSMC胞浆静息FI明显高于核区, 且不受Ber的影响. (2) Ber 10-100 μmol·L^-1预处理可抑制KCl 60 mmol·L^-1或Bay K8644 100 μmol·L^-1升高的［Ca²⁺］_i,抑制5- HT 1 μmol·L^-1升高［Ca²⁺］_i的持续相,但不影响［Ca²⁺］_i的一过性升高。维拉帕米10 μmol·L^-1具有相似作用. (3) 在无钙Hanks液中,Ber预处理对咖啡因100 mmol·L^-1升高的［Ca²⁺］_i无明显抑制作用。结果表明,Ber可阻断外钙内流,但不抑制内钙释放,这可能与Ber阻断电压依赖性钙通道和受体依赖性钙通道的作用有关.     

家兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内钙动员及小檗胺作用的共聚焦研究(英文)

观察小檗胺 ( Ber)对高钾除极 ,Bay K8644,5-羟色胺 ( 5- HT)及咖啡因升高细胞内钙水平( [Ca2 + ]i)的影响。以 Fluo- 3/AM负载家兔培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞 ( VSMC) ,共聚焦显微术测定[Ca2 + ]i,结果以荧光强度 ( FI)表示 .结果 :( 1 )在细胞外钙为 1 .3mmol· L-1时 ,VSMC胞浆静息 FI明显高于核区 ,且不受 Ber的影响 . ( 2 ) Ber 1 0 -1 0 0 μmol·L-1预处理可抑制 KCl60 mmol·L-1或Bay K86441 0 0 μmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i,抑制 5-HT 1μmol· L-1升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的持续相 ,但不影响[Ca2 + ]i 的一过性升高。维拉帕米 1 0 μmol· L-1具有相似作用 . ( 3)在无钙 Hanks液中 ,Ber预处理对咖啡因 1 0 0 mmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i 无明显抑制作用。结果表明 ,Ber可阻断外钙内流 ,但不抑制内钙释放 ,这可能与 Ber阻断电压依赖性钙通道和受体依赖性钙通道的作用有关 .     

肺动脉高压模型大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞内钙的改变

目的分析肺动脉高压时肺动脉平滑肌细胞Ryanod-ine受体[Ca2+]i释放功能的改变。方法腹腔注射野百合碱建立大鼠肺动脉高压模型,原代培养肺动脉平滑肌细胞,Fura-2/AM负载培养细胞,荧光测钙技术测量Ryanodine受体激动剂对[Ca2+]i变化的影响。结果10nmol.L-1Ry-anodine使对照组[Ca2+]i平均增加(93.31±12.41)nmol.L-1,使PAH组[Ca2+]i平均增加(141.71±13.59)nmol.L-1。两组样本[Ca2+]i增加的数值差异有显著性(P<0.01);10mmol.L-1Caffine使对照组[Ca2+]i平均增加(149.02±13.02)nmol.L-1,使PAH大鼠PASMC的[Ca2+]i平均增加(191.2±21.26)nmol.L-1,两组样本[Ca2+]i数值的变化差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论肺动脉高压大鼠原代培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞对Ryanodine受体激动剂的敏感性增强,提示肺动脉高压时Ryanodine受体释放[Ca2+]i的功能发生了异常改变。     

Group 1 mGlu receptors elevate [Ca2+]i in rat cultured cortical type 2 astrocytes: [Ca2+]i synergy with adenosine A1 receptors.

Brain macroglia are known to express a diverse array of neurotransmitter receptors whose signal transduction pathways may be subject to heteroreceptor 'cross-talk'. In the current study we have examined group 1 mGlu receptor-evoked [Ca2+]i signalling, and possible heteroreceptor cross-talk, in cultured type 2 astrocytes. The selective group 1 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) elevated [Ca2+]i (EC50 = 1.7 +/- 0.6 microM); an effect reversed by the selective mGlu receptor antagonist (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (IC50 = 52.7 +/- 8.7 microM). DHPG-evoked [Ca2+]i responses were abolished by (1) thapsigargin (100 nM), implicating the involvement of internal Ca2+ stores in group 1 mGlu [Ca2+]i responses and (2) the removal of extracellular Ca2+. When applied alone, the selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 100 nM) failed to influence [Ca2+]i. However, in the presence of 1 microM DHPG, CPA potently (EC50 = 12.3 +/- 1.9 nM) increased [Ca2+]i responses. In the presence of 100 nM CPA, the efficacy of DHPG was doubled without any significant change in the DHPG EC50 value. This effect was reversed by either the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (IC50 = 50.3 +/- 19.9 nM) or overnight incubation with Pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml). We conclude that (1) type 2 astrocytes contain group 1 mGlu receptors coupled to [Ca2+]i signalling and (2) co-activation of adenosine A1 receptors enhances group 1 mGlu-evoked [Ca2+]i responses in these cells via a Gi/o G protein-mediated mechanism.     

甲状旁腺素对大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙和细胞凋亡的影响

目的　研究甲状旁腺素 (PTH)对心肌细胞内游离钙以及细胞肥大和凋亡的影响。方法　利用培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞 ,以Fluo 3/AM负载 ,通过激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)测定细胞内游离钙浓度 ([Ca2 + ] i) ;以细胞面积和细胞蛋白含量作为心肌细胞肥大指标 ;采用电镜和流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡的变化。结果　PTH1～ 34 0 0 1和 0 1 μmol·L- 1 刺激 7d后 ,心肌细胞内钙荧光强度以及心肌细胞面积和蛋白含量、细胞凋亡率较对照组显著增加。而 0 1 μmol·L- 1 PTH1～ 34 刺激的同时分别加入 1、1 0 μmol·L- 1 硝苯地平 ,上述指标改善 ,但未能达正常。结论　PTH1～ 34 可显著增加心肌细胞 [Ca2 + ] i,诱导细胞肥大和凋亡 ,并呈浓度依赖性 ,电压依赖性钙通道开放引起的细胞外钙内流增加为其机制之一     

Serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine decreases arteriolar myogenic tone by reducing smooth muscle [Ca2+]i

Previous studies showed that the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) dilates skeletal muscle and cerebral arterioles independent of the endothelium. We hypothesized that fluoxetine affects the contractile activity of arteriolar smooth muscle by interfering with Ca2+ signaling pathways. The effects of fluoxetine on pressure-induced tone of isolated rat skeletal muscle arterioles (approximately 110 microm) were investigated by videomicroscopy. Changes in smooth muscle [Ca2+]i were measured simultaneously by the fura-2 ratiometric method. Elevation of intraluminal pressure (from 20 to 120 mm Hg) increased (by approximately 20%) the smooth muscle calcium fluorescence ratio (R(Ca)) and resulted in a significant myogenic constriction (approximately 40%). Fluoxetine and nifedipine significantly decreased R(Ca) (by approximately 30%) and abolished pressure-induced arteriolar tone (EC50, 3.1 x 10(-6) and 6.0 x 10(-9) M, respectively). Constrictions to the L-type Ca2+ channel opener Bay K 8644 also were inhibited and abolished by increasing doses of fluoxetine (3 x 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, respectively). In the presence of 10(-5) M fluoxetine, a concentration that elicited submaximal (approximately 80%) dilation, elevation of extracellular Ca2+ concentration (from 2.5 to 15 mM) normalized R(Ca) and restored arteriolar myogenic tone. Thus, fluoxetine reduces [Ca2+]i and tone of arteriolar smooth muscle, likely by interfering with Ca2+ entry. We speculate that the "calcium antagonist" effect of fluoxetine may be an additional element in the therapeutic actions of this drug.     

15-HETE对肺动脉平滑肌细胞钙离子浓度的影响

目的　通过阻断细胞外钙离子 (Ca2+ )内流,观察 15 羟化二十烷四烯酸 ( 15 HETE)对兔肺动脉环收缩张力和肺动脉平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度 ( [Ca2+ ]i)的影响,探讨缺氧时 15 HETE引起细胞钙动员的机制。方法　采用组织浴槽血管环方法观察L 型钙通道阻断剂硝苯地平和无钙液对15 HETE诱导的兔肺动脉环收缩力的影响;酶法分离培养兔肺动脉平滑肌细胞,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测定 15 HETE对细胞内 [Ca2+ ]i的作用。结果　在正常组和缺氧组, 10μmol·L-1硝苯地平和无钙液对 1μmol·L-1 15 HETE引起的肺动脉环收缩均没有影响;培养的 15 HETE组细胞 (正常培养的细胞暴露于 1 μmol·L-1 15 HETE下继续孵育 8min)与正常对照组相比,细胞内 [Ca2+ ]i明显增加 (P<0 05)。结论　15 HETE可引起肺动脉平滑肌细胞 [Ca2+ ]i增加,且此钙来源于细胞内贮钙库的释放。     

Troglitazone and pioglitazone attenuate agonist-dependent Ca2+ mobilization and cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

1. The effects of troglitazone and pioglitazone on agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization and cell proliferation were studied using fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2 AM and incorporation of [3H]-thymidine in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The patch clamp techniques were also employed. 2. Vasopressin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) caused a transient elevation in [Ca2+]i by Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores, followed by a sustained rise due to Ca2+ entry. Nicardipine partly inhibited the sustained phase, but La3+ completely abolished it. 3. Troglitazone and pioglitazone did not significantly affect the transient rise elicited by these agonists, but preferentially inhibited the sustained phase of [Ca2+]i. 4. Under voltage clamp conditions, troglitazone and pioglitazone inhibited voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current (ICa.L). They also inhibited nonselective cation channels (Icat) elicited by vasopressin in a concentration-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of troglitazone on ICa.L and Icat were 4.6 and 5.7 microM, respectively. On the other hand, nifedipine and nicardipine did not inhibit Icat. 5. Vasopressin and PDGF increased incorporation of [3H]-thymidine, and nifedipine and nicardipine partly suppressed it. However, the inhibitory effects of La3+ and exclusion of extracellular Ca2+ were more potent than the Ca2+ blocking agents. Troglitazone and pioglitazone also inhibited it concentration-dependently. 6. These results suggest that troglitazone and pioglitazone preferentially inhibited agonist (vasopressin and PDGF)-induced Ca2+ entry and proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, where the inhibitory effects of thiazolidinediones on ICa.L and Icat might be partly involved. Thus, thiazolidinediones may exert hypotensive and antiatherosclerotic effects.