微创内固定系统治疗下肢粉碎性骨折

目的探讨微创内固定系统（LISS）治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端复杂骨折的疗效。方法使用LISS闭合复位治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端复杂骨折16例。观察术后软组织恢复及骨折愈合情况。结果16例随访4～12个月,术后骨折复位、对线良好,无内固定松动或失效等并发症。结论LISS治疗膝关节周围骨折具有创伤小、固定牢固、骨折愈合时间短、最大程度保护膝关节功能的优点。     

LISS钢板内固定治疗下肢长骨严重粉碎骨折

[目的] 探讨微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)内固定治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.[方法] 2005年3月-2007年9月采用LISS治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端骨折32例,其中股骨13例,胫骨19例,观察术后骨折愈合情况、并发症及膝关节功能.[结果] 32例平均随访时间16.8个月,骨折全部愈合,平均时间7.8个月.术后骨折对位良好,内固定无松动、失效等并发症,膝关节功能无障碍.[结论] LISS接骨板治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端粉碎性骨折具有创伤小、固定可靠、骨折愈合时间短、并发症少、膝关节功能恢复好等优点.     

股骨LISS钢板外固定治疗胫骨骨折116例体会

目的探讨股骨LISS钢板外固定治疗胫骨骨折的安全性和疗效。方法笔者自2011-07—2013-01共诊治116例胫骨骨折,采用股骨LISS钢板进行外固定,钢板放置于小腿前内侧。结果所有患者获得随访平均22(18~30)个月。切口均一期愈合。骨折愈合时间:胫骨近端骨折平均12(10~20)周,胫骨干骨折平均20(12~28)周,胫骨远端骨折平均14(12~20)周,胫骨多段骨折平均24(16~36)周。无一例出现深部感染、骨折不愈合、螺钉或钢板断裂。结论对于胫骨骨折,股骨LISS钢板外固定是一种有效的固定方式,尤其适合于胫骨干骺端骨折,具有操作简便、微创、骨折愈合后拆除钢板便捷的优点。     

股骨远端、胫骨近端骨折LISS手术相关因素分析

目的探讨微创稳定系统（less invasive stabilization system,LISS）治疗股骨远端、胫骨近端骨折的疗效,并分析术中相关因素.方法自2003年7月至2005年3月,应用瑞士Mathys公司的LISS钢板治疗16例17处骨折.男11例,女5例;平均年龄39岁（19～58岁）.股骨远端骨折9处,胫骨近端骨折8处,其中1例为同侧股骨远端、胫骨近端骨折.手术采用间接复位（关节内骨折除外）,微创切口,经骨膜外和肌肉之间插入钢板,经皮小切口将带锁定头的螺钉与钢板的螺孔单皮质锁定.仅对1例伤后21 d且开放复位者给予植骨.结果术后平均随访15个月（5～25个月）,骨折全部愈合.3例内固定器已取出.膝关节功能按照患者的主观感受及客观检查结果以Karlstrom评分法进行评估.优10例,良3例,可3例,优良率81%.1例Ⅱ期骨折复位丢失,但未影响骨折愈合及功能恢复.所有病例无感染发生.无内固定器的钢板及螺钉脱出和断裂.结论LISS钢板设计独特,可保护骨膜及骨折部位血运,促进骨折愈合和功能恢复.LISS所具备的生物学接骨特性为股骨远端、胫骨近端骨折提供了新的治疗方法;然而作为一种以全新理念设计的新型内固定器,临床应用过程中除要加强对理念的理解外,亦要严格掌握操作程序.     

微创内固定系统在膝关节周围复杂骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨AO微创内固定系统(less invasive stab ilization system,LISS)治疗膝关节周围复杂骨折的效果。方法2004年4月~2005年6月对15例干骺端闭合性膝关节周围复杂骨折(左侧9例,右侧6例),分别应用股骨远端LISS或胫骨近端LISS行内固定治疗。结果15例随访5~26个月,平均13.2月。完全负重时间为12~26周,X线骨愈合时间11~24周,无延迟愈合及骨不连。浅表感染1例,皮肤水疱2例,经换药后愈合。无深部感染及皮肤坏死,无骨筋膜室综合征。Johner-W ruhs方法评价功能优11例、良3例、中1例,以优良为满意标准,本组满意率为93.3%(14/15)。1例C3型胫骨平台骨折在术后2周出现胫骨内侧骨块明显移位伴髁间分离,二次手术在胫骨平台内侧加以支撑钢板固定,术后20周骨折愈合,功能评价为良;1例C3型胫骨平台骨折在术后8周出现膝内翻(胫骨平台内翻角为82°),术后20周骨折愈合,功能评价为中。结论LISS适用于单处股骨远端、胫骨近端骨折及骨质疏松性股骨干远端骨折的治疗;对于胫骨平台C3型骨折内侧平台粉碎严重时,不能过分依赖LISS系统,或将接骨板置于内侧,而应该考虑在内侧辅助支撑钢板。     

闭合复位LISS钢板治疗胫骨近端多段骨折的临床疗效

目的：通过应用闭合复位AO微创内固定系统（LISS）治疗胫骨近端多段骨折,探讨闭合复位LISS固定对该类骨折复位及愈合的影响。方法：2003年7月至2007年12月,采用闭合复位LISS钢板治疗胫骨近端多段骨折19例,男14例,女5例;年龄21—49岁,平均39．2岁;直接暴力致伤15例,间接暴力致伤4例。致伤原因：交通伤14例,高处坠落伤3例,摔伤2例。于术后随访观察患肢功能恢复情况,及摄X线片显示骨痂生成和骨折愈合情况。结果：患者均获随访,时间8-21个月,平均12．2个月。无固定丢失和骨折不愈合,无钢板和螺钉变形,无软组织感染。膝关节功能按Merchan等评分标准评定,优14例,良3例,可2例。结论：采用闭合复位LISS钢板治疗胫骨近端多段骨折,是一种有效的内固定方法,具有稳定固定、愈合率高、创伤低等优点。     

微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端和胫骨近端骨折

徽创内固定系统（leaa invasives tabilization systern，uSS）接骨板是一项治疗膝关节周围复杂骨折的新技术，其主要特点是钢板按胫骨近端及股骨远端解剖形态预制，螺钉和钢板之间相互锁定，钢板可经皮穿入，通过瞄准器拧入螺钉。我院2005年4月—2006年10月对10例股骨远端及胫骨近端骨折采用微创LISS治疗，获得满意的治疗效果。     

LISS钢板治疗股骨髁及胫骨近端骨折的早期临床观察

股骨远端及胫骨近端骨折的外科治疗手段很多,术后并发症发生概率也较大,诸如膝关节内外翻、感染、骨不连等并发症已早为人们所熟知[1,2].随着外科技术的发展,微创的观念日益深入人心,微创技术的使用明显提高了上述创伤的治愈时间、骨折愈合率,并大大减少了并发症发生率.笔者自2000年3月～2005年12月采用微创固定系统LISS钢板治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端骨折共11例,疗效满意,现总结如下.     

锁定钢板系统在四肢骨折中的应用

目的 总结微创锁定钢板治疗四肢骨折的疗效.方法 2005年5月至2006年10月,分别采用微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)与锁定加压钢板(locking compression plate,LCP)对64例70处四肢骨折进行治疗,男45例,女19例;年龄17-69岁,平均36.8岁;股骨远端骨折16例19处,胫骨近端骨折28例31处,胫骨远端骨折8例8处,肱骨近端骨折12例12处.50处股骨远端与胫骨近端骨折采用LISS固定,20处胫骨远端与肱骨近端骨折采用LCP同定.在影像增强器监视下先行闭合复位,复位满意后采用经皮微创接骨术于肌肉下骨膜外置入LISS或LCP,再次确认位置满意后通过导向器经皮拧入锁定螺钉.结果 随访时间4～22个月,平均8.8个月.全部伤口均一期愈合,无一例发生感染、骨折再移位、成角畸形或内固定失败等并发症.骨折临床愈合时间8～16周,平均12.3周.膝关节功能HSS评分70～95分,平均87.5分,ROM 90°～130°,平均122°;踝关节AOFAS评分82～95分,平均91.4分;肩关节功能Neer评分82～94分,平均90.6分.患肢功能均恢复良好.结论 微创技术结合锁定钢板治疗四肢骨折具有软组织创伤小、对骨骼血供影响小、骨折愈合快、手术感染率低、功能恢复好等优点.锁定钢板无须紧贴骨面即可获得可靠的固定,不易发生骨折冉移位或内固定松动.     

LISS钢板治疗老年骨质疏松的下肢骨折

AO微创内固定系统（Less invasive stabilization sysem，LISS）在本院用于治疗股骨远端骨折和胫骨近端骨折，取得较满意的效果。2004年8月至2007年8月应用Ao—Liss钢板治疗治疗老年骨质疏松股骨远侧骨折或胫骨近侧骨折13例，参考相关文献结合临床体会，对Liss手术治疗下肢骨质疏松性骨折的技术优势、适应征进行讨论。     

376例膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床特征分析

 目的 总结膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤（giant cell tumor,GCT）的临床特征及影像学特点。方法 回顾性分析中国骨巨细胞瘤协作组（天津医院、济南军区总医院、西京医院、浙医二院、南京军区总医院）2000年3月至2014年7月间所有膝关节周围GCT患者的临床及影像学资料,按性别、年龄、发生部位、Campanacci分级、Ennecking分期、周围软组织受侵袭情况、病理性骨折程度和手术方式分别进行统计,分析膝关节周围GCT的临床特征。结果 共收集376例GCT患者,原发302例,复发74例;男198例,女178例;发病年龄12~78岁,平均（35.6±12.8）岁,男性发病平均年龄（37.4±13.2）岁,女性发病平均年龄（33.5±12.0）岁,女性发病年龄明显低于男性,差异有统计学意义。左膝关节175例（46.5%）、右膝关节201例（53.5%）,差异无统计学意义。股骨远端202例（53.7 %）、胫骨近端174例（46.3%）,差异无统计学意义。瘤体破坏偏心性304例（80.9%）,中心性72例（19.1 %）。未发生骨折261例（69.4%）,简单骨折73例（19.4%）,复杂骨折42例（11.2%）。结论 膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤临床特征及影像学特点在不同年龄组、不同性别间存在差异,Campanacci影像学分级越高,其病理性骨折的发生率、囊外病变比例及采取边缘切除方式的比例就越高。     

微创内固定系统治疗膝关节周围骨折的并发症

[目的]分析使用微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)治疗膝关节周围骨折时的并发症。[方法]自2005年7月~2007年10月,应用LISS治疗89例患者共91侧骨折,其中股骨远端骨折45侧;胫骨近端骨折46侧。[结果]术后随访时间为13~29个月,平均14.4个月。骨折平均愈合时间为16周(11~25周)。膝关节功能为优45侧,良35侧,可11侧,优良率为87.9%。10侧肢体(11%)出现钢板刺激症状,其中有2侧出现迟发的皮肤软组织全层裂开。7例(8%)骨折对位不良。2例(2%)骨折术后复位丢失。1例(1%)骨折延迟愈合。1例(1%)内固定失败。2例(2%)出现医源性神经损伤,腓浅神经与腓深神经损伤各1例。9例(10%)共14枚螺钉出现"冷焊接现象"(cold-welding)致内固定取出困难。[结论]LISS是一种治疗膝关节周围骨折有效而可靠的方法,但在临床应用中要严格掌握手术指征及操作规程。     

AO微创内固定系统在股骨远端及胫骨近端粉碎性骨折的应用

目的探讨应用AO微创内固定系统(lessinvasivestabilizationsystems,LISS)治疗下肢股骨远端与胫骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2003年9月~2005年5月采用LISS治疗14例下肢骨折患者,其中男13例,女1例;车祸伤9例,坠落伤3例,摔倒跌伤2例。开放性骨折5例,闭合性骨折9例。骨折部位包括股骨髁上及髁间粉碎性骨折5例,胫骨上段粉碎性骨折9例。骨折按照AO/OTA分类:股骨骨折中,33C2型3例,33C3型2例;胫骨骨折中,41A2型2例,41A3型2例,41B2型3例,41C2型2例。分别应用股骨远端或胫骨近端LISS行内固定手术。术后对其伤口愈合、术前及术后X线片检查及关节功能恢复情况进行观察。结果患者术后切口均期愈合。均获随访1~20个月,平均11个月。12例骨折均在术后3~5个月愈合,另2例经术后2~3个月观察,效果良好。关节功能根据Johner-Wruhs关节功能评定标准:优10例,良3例,可1例;优良率为93%。11例膝关节屈伸范围达110~130°,2例为100°,1例为80°。结论LISS对股骨远端或胫骨近端粉碎性骨折是一种有效的内固定方法,具有创伤小,固定可靠,临床效果良好等优点。     

膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的手术治疗

目的:回顾性分析膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤行手术治疗的病例,探讨骨巨细胞瘤手术病灶刮除与功能重建的方法与疗效。方法:膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤21例,男15例,女6例;年龄6～72岁,平均43岁。股骨下端骨巨细胞瘤14例,胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤7例。无症状偶然发现者2例,膝关节周围疼痛肿胀伴活动障碍者19例。除1例采用截肢术外,对8例儿童及青少年采用瘤体扩大刮除、灭活、植骨治疗;对12例18岁以上成年人采用肿瘤扩大刮除、灭活、植骨及骨水泥充填,钢板内固定治疗。结果:20例获随访,随访时间6～48个月,平均42个月。术后肿瘤复发3例,切口液化坏死1例。膝关节功能按李强一等标准评价:优11例,良6例,差3例。结论:对膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤采用肿瘤扩大刮除、灭活、植骨或骨水泥充填重建功能,降低了肿瘤的复发率,并最大程度地保留了肢体功能。     

Is intraosseous tibial and femoral osteotomy still indicated in the treatment of knee joint arthrosis?

In 11 cases an arthrosis of the knee joint was treated by intraosseus osteotomy of the distal femur in one case of the proximal tibia only; in one case additionally an intraosseus osteotomy of the proximal tibia was performed. In a 2 to 5 years follow-up examination only 4 patients were subjectively satisfied with the operation.     

Long‐term outcome of giant cell tumors of bone around the knee treated by en bloc resection of tumor and reconstruction with prosthesis

Objective: To study the long‐term outcomes and complications of giant cell tumors around the knee treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction with prosthesis. Methods: From January 1991 to March 2005, 19 patients (11 men, 8 women, average age 35.4 years) were treated in our hospital with en bloc resection and reconstruction with domestic prosthesis (15 hinge knee and 4 rotating‐hinge knee). The distal femur was involved in 12 and the proximal tibia in 7 cases. Nine tumors were primary and 10 recurrent. All cases were Campanacci grade III. The affected limb functions were evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system. Results: All patients underwent operation successfully with no complications. The mean follow‐up time was 128.9 months (60 to 216 months). Apart from one patient who underwent amputation because of wound infection two years after reoperation, the range of knee motion of 18 patients was 30°–110°. The mean functional score of the affected limb was 22.7 (15 to 27 points). The length of the lower extremities was equal in nine cases; the affected limb was 2–9 cm shorter in the other ten cases. Prosthesis fracture and loosening developed in one, prosthesis aseptic loosening in three, and delayed deep infection and prosthesis loosening in two cases. The prosthesis loosening rate was 31.6%. One patient developed a proximal femur fracture. Conclusion: En bloc resection and reconstruction with prosthesis is a feasible method for treating giant cell tumor of bone around the knee. Complications related to the prosthesis, mainly prosthesis loosening and limb shortening, increase gradually with longer survival time.     

The effect of alendronate on bone mineral density in the distal part of the femur and proximal part of the tibia after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density around the knee is related to the mechanical properties of bone. Alendronate has been shown to be effective for the treatment of osteoporosis and for reducing the rate of osteoporotic fractures. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of alendronate on bone mineral density in the distal part of the femur and proximal part of the tibia after total knee arthroplasty in women. METHODS: Ninety-six women with an average age of seventy years who were undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the study group received oral alendronate at a dose of 10 mg/day for six months, whereas patients in the control group did not. The bone mineral density in the distal part of the femur and proximal part of the tibia was determined preoperatively and at six and twelve months postoperatively. RESULTS: In the control group, the bone mineral density showed significant decreases of 13.8% (p < 0.001) and 7.8% (p = 0.003) in the distal part of the femur and of 6.5% (p = 0.002) and 3.6% (p = 0.141) in the proximal part of the tibia at six and twelve months, respectively. In the study group, however, the bone mineral density showed significant increases of 10.0% (p = 0.010) and 1.9% (p = 0.049) in the distal part of the femur and of 9.4% (p < 0.001) and 5.4% (p = 0.032) in the proximal part of the tibia at six and twelve months, respectively. The overall differences in bone mineral density between the study and control groups were significant (p = 0.011 for the proximal part of the tibia, and p = 0.033 for the distal part of the femur). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant postoperative decreases in bone mineral density in the distal part of the femur and proximal part of the tibia in women who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Oral administration of alendronate for six months postoperatively significantly improved the bone mineral density. While the clinical benefits of alendronate after total knee arthroplasty remain unproven and the duration of follow-up in the present study was quite short, the improvement in bone mineral density may have a clinically important effect on prosthetic fixation and the rate of periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty.     

The relationships between bone mineral density in the spine, hip, distal femur and proximal tibia and medial minimum joint space width in the knees of healthy females

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, spine, distal femur and proximal tibia and minimum joint space width (mJSW) in the knees of healthy women. METHODS: Women 22-68 years old without a history of knee pain, bone or joint disease or injury underwent a single, fixed-flexion knee X-ray. Radiographs were graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale and analyzed for mJSW using a computer algorithm. Dual X-ray absorptiometry scans of the spine, hip, distal femur and proximal tibia were also acquired for each participant. Femur and tibia scans were acquired and analyzed using a modified version of the lumbar spine software. RESULTS: Forty-five females, mean [standard deviation (SD)] age and body mass index (BMI) of 40.1 (13.9) years and 24.6 (4.5)kg/m(2), respectively, participated. The mean (SD) mJSW was 4.64 (0.68)mm. Linear regression analyses controlling for age and BMI revealed that BMD in the femoral trochanter and the central two regions of the tibia (T2 and T3) was significantly related to mJSW in the knee. A backwards regression analysis performed to determine which region of interest is most significantly related to mJSW revealed that femoral trochanter BMD (beta-value=0.416) is the most significant. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the suggestion that BMD is negatively correlated with mJSW in the knees of osteoarthritic individuals, these results suggest that increasing BMD in the femoral trochanter and tibia is significantly associated with increasing mJSW in healthy females. Further investigation of this relationship is warranted.     

肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围原发性肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的总结膝关节周围原发性骨肿瘤保肢手术中人工关节重建的疗效和并发症。方法回顾性分析我院1995年12月至2005年12月83例应用肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床资料。其中骨肉瘤58例,多中心骨肉瘤2例,皮质旁骨肉瘤1例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤13例,平滑肌肉瘤1例,尤文肉瘤2例,软骨肉瘤2例。根据骨缺损重建部位分组：股骨下端组44例,胫骨上端组34例,全股骨置换组5例。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～130个月,平均41个月。局部复发6例,2例晚期感染,假体松动2例,无假体断裂;假体3、5年生存率分别为88．2％、82．1％。41例植骨患者形成皮质外骨桥。肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评分：股骨下端组19．0—29．0分,平均25．0分;胫骨上端组17．0—28．0分,平均24．4分;全股骨置换组16．0—21．0分,平均19．0分。股骨下端组和胫骨上端组功能优于全股骨置换。结论肿瘤型人工关节重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤并发症发生率低,关节功能良好。     

应用LISS治疗下肢骨不连的初步报告

目的报告应用微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗股骨及胫骨骨不连的初步临床效果。方法自2003年2月～2004午8月间，应用LISS固定与植骨治疗5例股骨下段骨折小连接，4例胫骨上段骨折不愈台；其中内固定失效7例，外固定治疗火败和感染各1例；病程10～111个月，平均29个月。结果个部患随访6～16个月，平均8个月；骨折均住术后4～6个月牢固连接，平均愈合时间4．7个月，无内植入物松动等并发症。结论LISS因其先进的设计，能有效治疗股骨下段和胫骨上段骨折不连接。