矢状骨面型与上气道形态和舌骨位置关系的研究

目的 研究不同矢状骨面型上气道形态和舌骨位置的差异。方法 对182名恒牙早期青少年按ANB角大小分为I类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类三种不同矢状骨面型组，三组的年龄、性别相匹配，垂直骨面型以及腺样体情况三组间分布一致。对上气道矢状径和舌骨位置进行X线头影测量分析，并比较三组间的差异。结果三组间鼻咽段和腭咽段矢状径无显著差异；从悬雍垂尖向下，随ANB角的增大咽腔矢状径有减小趋势，Ⅱ类患者的舌咽矢状径显著小于Ⅲ类。舌骨的垂直向位置三组间无显著差异；水平方向上，Ⅲ类、Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类舌骨位置逐渐后移，Ⅱ类和Ⅰ类比Ⅲ类显著后位。结论 以ANB角为代表与面部矢状发育与上气道鼻咽、腭咽和舌骨垂直向位置无明显关系，而对上气道下段的舌咽和舌骨的矢状位置有显著影响，这可能与不同矢状骨面型下颌大小位置发育差异有关。     

不同矢状骨面型无鼾症青年上气道形态的锥形束CT分析

目的研究不同矢状骨面型的无鼾症青年错牙合畸形患者上气道形态和舌骨位置的差异。方法在自然头位下,对Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类矢状骨面型无鼾症青年错牙合畸形患者各30例进行锥形束CT扫描,借助Dolphin imaging 11.0图像分析软件进行三维重建,并分别测量上气道腭后区、舌后区的矢状径、横径、轴面面积以及上气道容积,最小轴面面积和上气道长度。使用Winceph 7.0软件对侧位片进行头影测量以及舌骨位置的测量,并对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类矢状骨面型组舌后区及腭后区轴面面积均小于Ⅲ类矢状骨面型组。Ⅱ类矢状骨面型组与Ⅲ类矢状骨面型组间的舌后区矢状径,横径,上气道容积,舌骨位置有显著差异性。结论不同矢状骨面型无鼾症青年错牙合畸形患者上气道形态和舌骨位置存在一定的差异,差异有统计学意义。矢状向颌骨关系对上气道形态和舌骨位置有一定影响。     

Ⅰ类Ⅱ类均角骨面型拔牙矫治后上气道矢状结构变化的初步临床观察

目的:了解Ⅰ、Ⅱ类均角骨面型拔牙矫治后上气道矢状结构的变化。方法:将2006～2009口腔正畸治疗的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类矢状均角骨面型错拔牙矫治病例103例分为4组:Ⅰ类均角骨面型牙列拥挤33例为第1组;Ⅱ类均角骨面型拔上下颌第一前磨牙21例为第2组;Ⅱ类均角骨面型拔上颌第一前磨牙、下颌第二前磨牙25例为第3组;Ⅰ类均角骨面型双牙弓前突24例为第4组。分别测量每位患者矫治前后X线头影侧位片上气道矢状结构鼻咽段、腭咽段、舌咽段和舌骨水平段及软腭与舌重叠的变化,SPSS 13.0统计软件进行两样本配对t检验。结果:矫治后,第1组软腭后与软腭后咽壁点连线的距离(SPP-SPPW)和第4组软腭与舌重叠长度CL(UC-LC)的变化有统计学意义(P0.05);第2组、第3组矫治前后上气道矢状结构变化无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Ⅱ类均角骨面型拔牙矫治后上气道矢状各水平段变化均无统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅰ类均角骨面型牙列拥挤拔牙矫治组治疗后软腭与软腭后咽壁之间距离的增加对上气道矢状结构本身而言为积极的效应;而Ⅰ类均角骨面型双牙弓前突拔牙矫治组矫治后软腭与舌重叠长度的增加对上气道矢状结构而言为消极的作用,提示临床工作中应予以注意。     

不同矢状骨面型患者后牙颊舌向倾斜度及Wilson曲线曲度的CBCT测量研究

目的 研究不同矢状骨面型患者的后牙颊舌向倾斜度及Wilson曲线曲度,探讨不同矢状骨面型患者的后牙水平向倾斜代偿机制,为骨性错畸形治疗中后牙倾斜度控制提供参考依据。方法 本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。选取90例青少年及90例成人正畸治疗前的CBCT资料作为研究对象,两组样本中各包括矢状骨面型Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类各30例。分别测量每一侧由第一前磨牙至第二磨牙的所有后牙颊舌向倾斜度、第一磨牙及第二磨牙的Wilson曲线曲度,比较不同矢状骨面型的青少年及成人间的差异。结果 与Ⅰ类骨面型成人相比,Ⅱ类骨面型成人的上颌后牙倾斜度减小,下颌后牙倾斜度增大,差异有统计学意义;Ⅲ类骨面型成人上颌后牙倾斜度增大,下颌后牙倾斜度减小,差异有统计学意义;Ⅱ类骨面型成人第二磨牙的Wilson曲线曲度显著性增大,差异有统计学意义。与Ⅰ类骨面型青少年相比,Ⅲ类骨面型青少年的上颌后牙倾斜度增大,差异有统计学意义。不同矢状骨面型青少年下颌后牙倾斜度差异无统计学意义。对比青少年与成人,Ⅱ类骨面型成人上后牙更偏舌倾,除下颌第一磨牙外下颌后牙更偏直立;Ⅲ类骨面型成人下颌后牙除下颌第二磨牙外更偏舌倾,差...     

锥形束CT测量不同矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错(牙合)畸形患者上气道形态

目的 研究不同矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错(牙合)患者上气道形态的差异.方法 对I类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错殆畸形患者各20例进行锥形束计算机体层摄影术(CBCT)扫描,借助Ez 3D 2009图像分析软件分别测量硬腭至会厌底段上气道的矢状径、横径、横截面积、长度、容积等,并对测量结果进行统计学分析.结果 不同矢状骨面型组各测量平面的气道截面积,SP平面、TE平面、EB平面气道矢状径,腭咽段上气道容积及上气道总容积的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),I类、Ⅱ类矢状骨面型组各测量平面截面积、SP、TE、EB平面矢状径,腭咽容积、上气道总容积均小于Ⅲ类矢状骨面型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 不同矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错(牙合)畸形患者上气道形态间差异有统计学意义.无鼾症成年错(牙合)畸形患者上气道形态受矢状向颌骨关系影响.     

骨性Ⅱ类不同矢状骨面型成人上气道容积和舌骨位置的锥形束CT研究

目的 应用CBCT研究成人骨性Ⅱ类不同矢状骨面型上气道的容积大小和舌骨位置.方法 按标准筛出180例CBCT影像资料并分为骨性Ⅰ类组,骨性Ⅱ类下颌后缩组和骨性Ⅱ类上颌前突组,每组60例.In vivo 5 软件进行三维重建,测量上气道容积及舌骨位置指标,并进行统计学分析.结果 三组鼻咽气道大小无统计学差异(P>0.05).口咽气道容积测量,骨性Ⅰ类组>骨性Ⅱ类上颌前突组>骨性Ⅱ类下颌后缩组,且下颌后缩组明显小于其他两组(P<0.05).三组之间舌骨位置的评价参数H-VPS之间存在差异(P<0.05).结论 骨性Ⅱ类不同矢状骨面型成人口咽气道容积大小存在差异,骨性Ⅱ类下颌后缩组舌骨矢状位置最靠后.颌骨、气道和舌骨三者之间存在一定关联.     

不同矢状骨面型错殆畸形患者气道大小形态的CBCT研究

目的：研究不同矢状骨面型错殆畸形患者口咽部气道大小及三维形态的差异,探讨颅面结构与上气道形态之间的关系。方法：收集90例成年错殆畸形患者（18-40岁）正畸治疗前锥束CT资料,根据ANB角的大小分成Ⅰ类,Ⅱ类,Ⅲ类3种不同矢状骨面型组,每组30例。利用Mimics10．01软件测量口咽部气道体积、面积、高度、最小截面处矢状径与横径的比值及截面面积,在SPSS13．0统计数据包中利用单因素方差分析比较3组气道大小及形态之间的差异。结果：口咽气道体积：Ⅱ类、Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类逐渐变大,气道高度：Ⅱ类、Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类逐渐变小,Ⅱ类患者舌咽部气道的体积和平均截面积明显小于Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类的患者,3种不同矢状骨面型组之间口咽部气道最小截面面积差异有统计学意义。结论：从Ⅲ类,Ⅰ类到Ⅱ类患者口咽气道的形态是由宽阔型向狭长型转变,Ⅱ类患者呈现明显狭长的口咽气道形态。     

矢状Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型成人上气道形态的测量分析

目的:研究矢状Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型成人上气道形态的特点及差异,探讨颅面形态与上气道结构的关系.方法:选取成人矢状Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型者135例的头颅定位侧位片为研究对象,其中男性60例,女性75例.对每张头颅定位侧位片进行上气道矢状径测量并分别比较不同性别、不同垂直骨面型者上气道矢状径的差异.结果:男女各垂直骨面型组男性仅在上气道鼻咽段(PNS-Ba、PNS-R),女性仅在PNS-Ba存在组间差异(P<0.05～0.001),为高角组<均角组<低角组.腭咽、舌咽段上气道矢状径在各垂直骨面型组性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而V-LPW均为男性大于女性(P<0.05～0.001).结论:矢状Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型者上气道矢状径存在某些差异,此可能为临床中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者存在性别差异及颅颌形态特征的解剖学因素之一.     

成人骨性Ⅱ类错不同垂直骨面型上气道三维分析研究

目的比较骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型成人上气道鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽大小的差异,并探讨其与颅面部骨骼形态的关系。方法将64例(男34例,女30例)成人骨性Ⅱ类错患者按GoGn-SN角大小分为高角、均角、低角3组。分别行颅面部锥体束计算机断层扫描(CBCT),对各段的矢状径、横径、长度、截面积以及容积等指标进行测量分析,比较3组间的差异。结果高角组舌咽段的长度、体积及腭咽段Spns与均角、低角组存在差异(P<0.05),均角组和低角组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。随着垂直骨面型的增大,Lpns、Lu均表现出逐渐减小的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上气道各段宽度在不同垂直骨面型之间无统计学差异。结论随着垂直骨面型增大上气道结构存在着差异,且主要影响腭咽段和舌咽段,对鼻咽段影响较小。     

锥形束CT扫描测量不同矢状骨面型青少年上颌窦大小

目的 利用锥形束CT(CBCT)比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类矢状骨面型青少年患者上颌窦大小的差异,探讨上颌窦大小与颅面部骨骼形态的关系.方法 将60例12～16岁的青少年患者按ANB角大小分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类三种矢状骨面型组,每组男、女各10例,垂直骨面型皆为均角型.患者接受颅面部CBCT扫描,对上颌窦的长度、宽度、高度、截面积及容积进行测量分析,比较三组间的差异.以CBCT生成的头颅侧位片测量分析颌面部骨骼形态,对上颌窦大小与颌面部骨骼形态的相关性进行研究.结果 不同矢状骨面型青少年患者的上颌窦长度、高度、宽度、截面积和容积的差异具有统计学意义.上颌窦容积Ⅱ类大于Ⅰ类,Ⅱ类大于Ⅲ类.上颌窦容积与前颅底长、全颅底长、ANB角、上中切牙一前鼻嵴点距离及前上面高呈正相关关系,与SNB角呈负相关关系.结论 Ⅱ类骨面型患者具有较大的上颌窦容积,青少年患者上颌窦大小与上下颌骨的矢状关系及颅底长度有一定的相关性.     

Variation in periodontal referral in 2 regions in theUK

This study investigated the periodontal referral patterns of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northern Ireland (NI) and North West England (NWE). A questionnaire dealing with periodontal referral was sent to all 520 GDPs registered in NI and to 274 GDPs in NWE. A usable return was made by 355 (68%) in NI and 189 (70%) in NWE. The NI dentists made significantly more periodontal referrals (median 5, range 0-80) in the year preceding the survey than those in NWE (median 2, range 0-50), p<0.001. Distance was the only factor significantly related to the referral rate in both regions with those who practised more than 25 miles from a specialist referring significantly fewer patients in both regions. In NI, there was a trend towards increased periodontal referral by GDPs who had attended more postgraduate courses; however, in NWE, this was not the case. The GDPs in NWE were significantly less likely than those in NI to refer patients with medical conditions. It is concluded that there is considerable variation in periodontal referral both within and between the 2 regions studied. It is further concluded that in many cases, non-disease factors, such as the accessibility of the specialist service, have powerful effects on the decisions made by dentists and patients in these regions (NI and NWE) in relation to periodontal referral. Much of the variance in referral in North West England, as in Northern Ireland, remains unexplained.     

云南省五岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的：了解云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况。方法：随机抽取云南省三个城市三个农村的２１３２名５岁常住儿童,采用第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准调查龋齿患病情况。结果：云南省５岁儿童乳牙患龋率为７５．７５％,龋均为４．４４,充填率仅为６．５７％,仅占构成比的４．３９％。结论：云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病率高,充填率低。儿童龋病防治应注重两个方面：１．加强对家长和教师的幼儿口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传。     

Changes in cyclooxygenase metabolities in experimental periodontitis in Macaca mulatta

The four principal metabolites of cyclooxygenase (CO) were examined during the progression of experimental periodontitis in the rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta. Thirty-two monkeys were divided in four disease-matched groups. Three groups were treated with flurbiprofen, a potent CO inhibitor, at either 0.027, 0.27 or 7.1 mg/kg/day delivered systemically by a subcutaneously-implanted osmotic mini-pump. We have previously described the findings indicating that flurbiprofen treatment significantly retarded clinical attachment loss (ALOSS), redness and radiographic bone loss (BLOSS). This investigation focuses on the changes in CO metabolites which occur during disease progression of ligature-induced periodontitis and on the dose-response relationship of flurbiprofen, as it relates to disease inhibition and the suppression of ARA metabolites within the crevicular fluid (CF). In untreated animals there was a statistically significant 3-fold increase in CF levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) at 3 months, as compared to baseline, which positively correlated with increases in redness, bleeding, ALOSS and BLOSS. CF-PGE2 and TxB2 levels reached a 6-fold peak at 6 months and returned to baseline by 12 months. Flurbiprofen (Fb) prevented the 3-month rise in TxB2, but did not affect the increase in PGE2. At 6 months, Fb administration caused a dose-dependent inhibition of both PGE2 and TxB2. Probit analysis of the dose-response data revealed that the concentration of Fb which caused a 50% inhibition of CF-TxB2 level (the IC50 value for TxB2 synthesis) was approximately two logs lower than the IC50 value for PGE2 synthesis, i.e. TxA2-IC50 = 0.013 vs. PGE2-IC50 = 1.35 mg flurbiprofen/kg/d. The slopes of the PGE2 and TxB2 inhibition curves were identical, consistent with a similar mechanism or singular enzyme for the site of action of Fb inhibition of CO activity. However, the kinetics and sensitivity of Fb inhibition were significantly different for the CO activity responsible for TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis, perhaps due to different compartmentalization of CO within different cell types.     

Mast cells in masseter muscle in experimental bruxism in man

Three human subjects performed tooth grinding for 25 min, and after 20 h biopsies of the right and left masseter muscles were examined for their contents of mast cells. In comparison with specimens from a control group of three subjects, there was an increase of degranulating mast cells in muscles that had performed bruxism.