旱田草的生药学研究

目的 对旱田草进行生药学研究.方法 鉴别旱田草的性状,并按2010年版《中国药典》附录中的方法测定旱田草的水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物含量等.结果 初步建立了生药学鉴别方法,其水分不得过13.0％,总灰分小于18.0％,酸不溶性灰分低于9.0％,醇溶性浸出物大于13.0％.结论 所用方法可为制定旱田草药材质量标准提供参考.     

旱田草咖啡酰基苯乙醇苷类化合物抗氧化活性研究

目的研究从旱田草中分离得到的5种咖啡酰基苯乙醇苷类化合物的体外抗氧化活性。方法采用羟基自由基(·OH)清除法、1,1-二苯-2-苦基阱自由基(DPPH·)清除法和超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)清除法,以维生素C(Vc)为阳性对照,分别测定旱田草中5种咖啡酰基苯乙醇苷类化合物的抗氧化活性。结果化合物1~5及Vc对·OH的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为(0.072±0.0190)、(0.201±0.0056)、(0.085±0.0090)、(0.101±0.0113)、(0.082±0.0045)、(0.024±0.0010)mg·mL~(-1),对DPPH·的IC_(50)分别为(0.01±0.0006)、(0.015±0.00)、(0.015±0.00)、(0.017±0.0006)、(0.017±0.0006)、(0.006±0.0006)mg·mL~(-1),化合物2~4及Vc对O_2~-·的IC_(50)分别为(1.802±0.1643)、(2.183±0.6418)、(2.001±0.1857)、(0.498±0.0221)mg·mL~(-1),化合物1、5对O_2~-·的清除能力稍弱。结论 5种咖啡酰基苯乙醇苷类化合物对·OH及DPPH·均表现出明显的清除作用,且呈明显的量效关系,说明咖啡酰基苯乙醇苷类化合物具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。     

石胆草中两个新的苯乙醇苷类成分石胆草中两个新的苯乙醇苷类成分

目的 研究石胆草(Corallodiscus flabellata)的化学成分。方法 利用大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20、硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果 分离并鉴定了5个化合物,分别为3,4-二羟基苯乙醇-8-O-［β-D-芹糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖苷(I),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇-8-O-［(5-O-香草酰基)-β-D-芹糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖苷(II),香草酸(III),丁香酸(IV),阿魏酸(V)。结论 I和II为新化合物,III,IV和V均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

石胆草中苯乙醇苷的分离与结构鉴定石胆草中苯乙醇苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的 研究石胆草(Corallodiscus flabellata)的化学成分。方法 利用大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20、硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离并鉴定了3个新的苯乙醇苷类化合物,经光谱鉴定化合物的结构为:3,4-二羟基苯乙醇-8-O-［β-D-芹糖基(1→3)］-β-D-葡糖苷(I),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇-8-O-［4-O-咖啡酰基-β-D-芹糖基(1→3)-β-D-葡糖基(1→6)］-β-D-葡糖苷(II),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇-8-O-［β-D-芹糖基(1→3)-β-D-葡糖基(1→6)］-β-D-葡糖苷(III)。结论I,II和III均为新化合物。     

肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对大鼠高原脑水肿的防治作用

目的观察肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷预防给药对高原脑水肿模型大鼠的作用及可能的作用机制。方法大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,大花红景天口服液组[1.78 mL/(kg·d)],肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷低、中、高剂量组[75、150、300 mg/(kg·d)],每组12只,灌胃预防给药10 d,第8日起除正常对照组外其余各组置于模拟海拔5 000 m高原环境72 h建立高原脑水肿模型,观察各组大鼠脑组织病理改变,检测脑组织含水量、脑组织匀浆中白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)酶活力。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠出现明显的脑水肿,脑组织含水量显著升高,脑匀浆液中IL-6、TNF-α、MDA含量增高,SOD和GSH-Px酶活力显著降低。肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷能够改善高原脑水肿大鼠脑水肿病理改变,降低脑组织含水量,降低脑匀浆中IL-6、TNF-α、MDA含量,且能提高SOD和GSH-Px的酶活力。结论肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷能够预防高原脑水肿的发生,可能与其抗炎、抗氧化应激有关。     

臭牡丹苯乙醇苷类化合物的分离鉴定

目的研究臭牡丹地上部分的化学成分。方法采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、凝胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱进行分离纯化，根据化合物的理化常数和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从臭牡丹地上部分的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个苯乙醇苷类化合物，其化学结构分别确定为clerodendronoside (1), acteoside (2), isoacteoside (3), cistanoside C (4), jionoside C (5), leucosceptoside A (6), cistanoside D (7), campneoside I (8), campneoside II (9), cistanoside F (10)。结论化合物1为新化合物，化合物4～10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

石胆草中的一个新苯乙醇苷

目的研究石胆草（Corallodiscus flabellata）乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分。方法利用Diaion HP-20，Sephadex LH-20，硅胶柱等色谱技术进行分离纯化，根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离并鉴定了4个化合物：1′-O-β-D-(3，4-二羟基苯乙基)- 6′-O-香草酰基-葡糖苷(1);1′-O-β-(4-羟基苯乙基)-β-D-芹糖-(1→2′)-葡糖苷(2)；4-羟基苯乙醇(3)；1，1′-二羟基乙醚(4)。结论化合物1为新化合物，化合物2~4均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

A new phenylethanoid glycoside from Incarvillea compacta

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, 3′′′-O-methylcampneoside I (1), was isolated from the 90% ethanolic extract of the roots of Incarvillea compacta, together with three known compounds, campneoside I (2), ilicifolioside A (3), and campneoside II (4). Their structures were determined spectroscopically and compared with previously reported spectral data. Compound 1 existed as epimers and displayed better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity using di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as the positive control. In addition, pretreatment of human HepG2 cells with compound 1 significantly increased the viability on CCl₄-induced cell death.     

北刘寄奴中苯乙醇苷类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究中药北刘寄奴(Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.)的化学成分。方法采用正相硅胶、反相ODS、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及高效液相色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质与光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从北刘寄奴体积分数为95%的乙醇提取物中分离了6个苯乙醇苷类单体成分,分别鉴定为去咖啡酰基类叶升麻苷(decaffeoylverbascoside,1)、acteoside(2)、isoacte-oside(3)、crenatoside(4)、β-oxoacteoside(5)和syringalide A 3'-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(6)。结论其中化合物1、3～6为首次从阴行草属中分离得到。     

Diterpenoid glycosides and monoterpenoid glycosides from the fruits of Xanthium chinense

Two new diterpenoid glycosides, fructusnoids D (1) and E (2), and two new monoterpenoid glycosides (3, 4), together with three known diterpenoid glycosides (5-7) and three known monoterpenoid glycosides (8-10), were isolated from the fruits of Xanthium chinense. Their structures were elucidated by spectrometric analyses.

     

Constituents from Apium graveolens and their anti-inflammatory effects

A phthalide glycoside, (3R, 4R)-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-senkyunolide (1), and a megastigmane glycoside, (6S, 7R)-3-oxo-megastigma-4, 8-dien-7-O-β-D-glucoside (2), along with two known aglycones (3–4), were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of fresh whole grass of Apium graveolens L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. All of these compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in the RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, compounds 3 and 4 showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC₅₀ values of 24.0 ± 2.1 μM and 28.6 ± 2.4 μM, respectively.     

New cycloartane glycosides from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and their antidepressant activity

Two new cycloartane glycosides, cyprotusides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, MS, NMR spectroscopic analyses coupled with chemical degradation. The potential antidepressant activity of the two compounds was evaluated. In the despair mice models, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antidepressant activity.     

New sesquiterpenoid glycoside and phenylpropanoid glycosides from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus

A new sesquiterpenoid glycoside, cryptomeridiol 11-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d- glucopyranoside (1), two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, 3,4-dihydroxy-allylbenzene 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and 3,4,5-trihydroxy-allylbenzene 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), along with four known phenylpropanoid glycosides (4–7), were isolated from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. Compounds 4–7 were obtained from the genus Ophiopogon for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.     

New and known iridoid- and phenylethanoid glycosides from Harpagophytum procumbens and their in vitro inhibition of human leukocyte elastase

Ten compounds, harpagoside (1), 8- p-coumaroylharpagide (2), 8-feruloylharpagide (3), 8-cinnamoylmyoporoside (4), pagoside (5), acteoside (6), isoacteoside (7), 6'- O-acetylacteoside (8), cinnamic acid (9) and caffeic acid (10) were isolated from the storage roots of Harpagophytum procumbens, Pedaliaceae. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 7 and 9 are known for H. procumbens; 3 and 10 were isolated the first time from H. procumbens; compounds 4, 5 and 8 are new natural products. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data (NMR, with NOE, COSY and HMBC experiments, UV, [alpha]). The inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of the roots of H. procumbens and H. zeyheri as well as the main compounds isolated from H. procumbens was tested on human neutrophile elastase. Although inhibition was comparatively weak a dose-dependence was observed. An IC (50) of 542 microg/mL was determined for the aqueous extract of H. procumbens, but 1012 microg/mL for that of H. zeyheri. 6'- O-Acetylacteoside (8), that is not present in H. zeyheri, inhibited the enzyme with an IC (50) of 47 microg/mL (70 microM), compound 7 with 179 microg/mL (286 microM), 2 with 179 microg/mL (331 microM), 5 with 154 microg/mL (260 microM) and 10, which was also used as reference compound, with an IC (50) of 86 microg/mL (475 microM). The IC (50) values of acteoside, harpagoside, cinnamic acid and stachyose were higher than 300 microg/mL and thus not further determined.     

Cucurbitane and hexanorcucurbitane glycosides from the fruits of Cucurbita pepo cv dayangua

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Cucurbita pepo cv dayangua has led to the isolation of two cucurbitane glycosides: cucurbitacin L 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), cucurbitacin K 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) and two hexanorcucurbitane glycosides: 2,16-dihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanorcucurbit-5-en-11,20-dione 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) and 16-hydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanorcucurbit-5-en-11,20-dione 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were isolated from Cucurbita genus for the first time, while compound 4 is a new one. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.     

Effect of phenylethanoid glycosides and polysaccharides from the seed of Plantago asiatica L. on the maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

The seed of Plantago asiatica L. is one of the most popular folk herbal medicines used in China and other Asian countries. In this study, phenylethanoid glycosides and polysaccharides were isolated from the seed of P. asiatica L. by using phytochemical investigation methods. A screening model of immunological activity by using dendritic cells as target cells was established to investigate the effects of these compounds on the phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells. Compared with untreated cells, dendritic cells treated with acteoside, isoacteoside or polysaccharides expressed higher level of class II MHC and costimulatory molecule CD86 (B7-2). Functional maturation was confirmed by decreased endocytosis and increased naïve T cell stimulatory activity of dendritic cells. These results showed that acteoside, isoacteoside and polysaccharides from the seed of P. asiatica L. had significant immunoenhancing activity by inducing the maturation of dendritic cells.     

Flavonoid glycosides and limonoids from Citrus molasses

Molasses of tangerine orange (Citrus unshiu Markovich) is obtained as a waste product in the course of tangerine orange juice production. This molasses is expected to be a useful source of organic compounds such as flavonoids and limonoids. To elucidate a use for this molasses waste, we isolated and identified its organic constituents. Two new flavanonol glycosides were isolated from tangerine orange molasses, along with several flavonoids such as hesperidine, narirutin, eriodictyol, 3′,4′,5,6,7,8-hexamethoxy-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyloxyflavone, and 3′,4′,5,6,7,8-hexamethoxy- 3-β-d-[4-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaloyl)]-glucopyranosyloxyflavone, and limonoids such as limonin, nomilin, and cyclic peptide, citrusin III. The structures of the new flavanonol glycosides were determined as (2R,3R)-7-O-(6-O-α-l-rahmnopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-aromadendrin and 7-O-(6-O-α- l-rahmnopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-3,3′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-4′-methoxyflavanone by means of spectral analyses using ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and 2D-NMR. Of these compounds, flavanone glycoside, hesperidin and narirutin were isolated as the main constituents. Thus, molasses is a promising source of flavonoid glycosides.     

The hepatoprotective efficacy and biological mechanisms of three phenylethanoid glycosides from cistanches herba and their metabolites based on intestinal bacteria and network pharmacology

Journal of Natural Medicines - Echinacoside (ECH), acteoside (ACT), and isoacteoside (ISAT), the typical phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in cistanches herba, have various pharmacological...     

Two pairs of unusual melibiose and raffinose esters from Scrophularia ningpoensis

A pair of unusual melibiose esters (1α/1β) and a pair of unusual raffinose esters (2α/2β), were isolated from Scrophularia ningpoensis. Structures of them were established by detailed spectroscopic analyses to be 6-O-(E)-cinnamoyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α(β)-d-glucopyranose (1α/1β) and 6-O-(E)/(Z)-cinnamoyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-fructofuranose (2α/2β), respectively. All these compounds were evaluated for antifouling activity against the settlement of Balanus amphitrite larvae, along with the cytotoxic effect against the proliferation of HeLa cell lines.     

The effects of phenylethanoid glycosides,derived from Herba cistanche,on cognitive deficits and antioxidant activities in male SAMP8 mice

Cognitive deficits are closely associated with hippocampal synaptic changes. Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhG), derived from Herba cistanche, are known to exert protective effects on cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms of this herbal extract on cognitive performance remain unclear. The aim of this study was thus to examine the protective mechanism attributed to PhG on cognitive deficits in an AD senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. Cognitive deficit parameters examined included (1) Morris water maze (MWM) assessing cognitive performance and (2) quantification of dendritic spine density in hippocampal CA1 region by Golgi staining, a molecular biomarker of synaptic function. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined to examine the potential role of oxidant processes in cognitive dysfunction. Data showed that PhG significantly decreased escape latency and path length, associated with a rise in the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and number of platform crossings. In addition, PhG significantly increased dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 region accompanied by elevated expression levels of synaptophysin (SYN) and post synaptic density 95 (PSD-95), reduced MDA content, and elevated the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Data suggest that the ability of PhG to ameliorate cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice may be related to promotion in synaptic plasticity involving antioxidant processes.