海洋真菌Y26-02的灰黄霉素类化学成分

目的研究海洋真菌Y26-02发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取部分,对其中的化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等手段进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和各种波谱数据对这些化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从海洋真菌Y26-02菌液的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为灰黄霉素(griseofulvin,1)、表灰黄霉素(epigriseofulvin,2)、异灰黄霉素(isogriseofulvin,3)、脱氯表灰黄霉素(dechloroepigriseofulvin,4)、脱氢灰黄霉素(de-hydrogriseofulvin,5)、4′-丁氧基异灰黄霉素(4′-butoxyisogriseofulvin,6)、2′-丁氧基表灰黄霉素(2′-butoxyepigriseofulvin,7)。结论这7个化合物均为首次从该真菌的代谢产物中分离得到,其中化合物6、7是新天然产物。     

A new chromone and a new aliphatic ester isolated from Daldinia eschscholtzii

Abstract

A new chromone and a new aliphatic ester were isolated from the EtOAc extract of myceliums of Daldinia eschscholtzii. Their structures were elucidated as (R)-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-methylchroman-4-one (1) and (E)-6-(non-3-en-1-yl) -2H-pyran-2-one (2) by interpretation of the spectroscopic evidence.     

CYP3A in horse intestines

The intestinal enterocytes provide the initial site for cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of orally absorbed xenobiotics. In man and some animal species, the CYP3A subfamily is highly expressed in the intestines and considered to be important in the first-pass metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression, immunohistochemical localization and catalytic activity of CYP3A in the intestines of horse. Real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that the highest CYP3A mRNA expression was present in the duodenum with a decreasing level towards jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon. The CYP3A mRNA expression in the liver was similar as in the anterior part of the jejunum, but about 4.5 times lower than in the anterior part of the duodenum. Immunohistochemistry showed CYP3A immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of the enterocytes, which decreased distally along the intestinal tract. CYP3A-dependent metabolic activity rose slightly from the anterior to the distal part of the duodenum and the anterior part of the jejunum and then declined to the middle and distal parts of the jejunum and the ileum, cecum, and colon. Our results suggest that CYP3A in the small intestine plays a major role in first-pass metabolism and may affect bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of some orally administrated drugs in horse.     

5-乙基-2,4-二氢-4-(2-苯氧乙基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮的合成

丙酰肼与三光气缩合环化得到5-乙基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2(3H)-酮,继与2-苯氧乙胺反应后在碱性条件下环合得到抗抑郁药奈法唑酮中间体5-乙基-2,4-二氢-4-(2-苯氧乙基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮,总收率66.3%.     

Two new phenol derivatives from Stereum hirsutum FP-91666

Two new phenol derivatives, 2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-4-methoxyethyl-phenol (1) and 5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohex-4-en-1-one (2), together with eight known compounds consisting of phenol derivatives (3 and 4), niacinamide (5), and five ergosta type compounds (6–10), were isolated from solid fermentation products of Stereum hirsutum FP-91666. Two new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR and 2D NMR, and HR-EI-MS experiments.     

Ceramides and cerebrosides from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina inhabiting South China Sea

From the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina inhabiting South China Sea, a new ceramide named (2S,3R,4E)-2-(14′-methyl-pentadecanoylamino)-4-octadecene-l,3-diol (1) and a new cerebroside named 1-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-(2S,3R,4E)-2-(heptadecanoylamino)-4-octadecene-l,3-diol (6), together with one known ceramide (2) and three known cerebrosides (3, 4, and 5), were isolated. Their structures were deduced by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. Compound 1 is branched with a methyl [–CH(CH₃)₂] in the fatty acid moiety, which is a rare structural feature among ceramides. Compound 6 is a new cerebroside with 17 carbons in the fatty acid moiety, while 5 is a new natural product which was isolated from a natural origin for the first time.     

HCMV蛋白酶抑制剂的研究(Ⅱ)杂环类抑制剂的设计与合成

目的 人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是一种普遍存在的机会病原体。HCMV蛋白酶在装配蛋白产生和病毒壳体成熟中具有重要作用，抑制基作用可产生抗疱疹病毒药物。对杂环类HCMV蛋白酶抑制剂进行研究。方法 根据HCMV蛋白酶和拟肽类抑制剂复合物的晶体结构数据，借助计算机辅助药物设计手段，运用Docking(分子对接）技术，从MDDR库中筛选挑出35个预计可能与HCMV蛋白酶相互较好结合的杂环化合物。首先选择目标物2-（香豆素-3-基）-5-氟-4H-3,1-苯并恶嗪-4-酮（I）和3-（2-羟基-4-甲基-苯甲酰基）-2-（4-甲氧基-苯基）-2，3-二氢-异吲哚-1-酮（Ⅱ）为合成和检验对象。结果 设计并完成了目标物I和Ⅱ的合成路线。结论 所得产物的结构经MS，IR，^1H-NMR及元素分析确证与目标物I和Ⅱ相符。     

3-(5-甲氧基-1,5-二氧代戊基)-(4S)-苯基噁唑烷-2-酮的制备

依折麦布(ezetimibe),化学名为(3R,4S)-1-(4-氟苯基)-3-[(3S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟丙基]-4-(4-羟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮,是由先灵葆雅和默克公司联合研发的新型胆固醇吸收抑制剂,2002年11月首次在德国上市,2007年8月在我国上市,临床主要用于治疗高胆固醇血症~[1].3-(5-甲氧基-1,5-二氧代戊基)-(4S)-苯基噁唑烷-2-酮(1)是合成依折麦布的重要中间体.     

国产荧光素钠注射液中杂质的检测及结构鉴定

目的对国产荧光素钠注射液中的杂质进行分离及结构鉴定。方法采用RP HPLC法对荧光素钠注射液进行成分分析并用硅胶柱色谱法对主要杂质进行分离,根据质谱和核磁共振谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果和结论荧光素钠注射液中含有6羟基7磺酸基9(邻羧基苯基)3H口占吨3酮、6羟基9(邻乙氧基羰基苯基)3H口占吨3酮和2(2,4二羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸等杂质。     

N-(双膦羧次甲基)-6-(5-氟-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基)-6-氧代-己酰胺的合成及其初步的骨靶向性研究

目的合成N-（双膦羧次甲基）-6（5-氟-2，4-二氧代3，4-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基）-6-氧代-己酰胺，并进行初步体外骨靶向性实验。方法以5-氟尿嘧啶为原料，经硅烷化、缩合、氢解3步合成6-（5-氟-2，4-二氧代-3，4-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基）-6-氧代-己酸（2），用二氯亚砜氯化后再与含氨基的偕二膦酸酯偶联，最后再用溴代三甲基硅烷特异性解离掉膦酸酯得到目标化合物L，并采用羟磷灰石晶体吸附实验考察目标物的骨靶向性。结果合成了目标物L，并利用^-1H—NMR、IR和MS进行了结构确证。结论体外骨靶向性实验结果显示目标物L有较好的骨靶向性。     

3H-1,2-二氢-2-(4-甲基苯胺基)甲基-1-吡咯里嗪酮在家兔体内主要代谢产物的研究

用高效液相色谱法对家兔单剂量ig750mg新抗炎镇痛剂3H-1,2二氢-2-(4-甲基苯胺基)-甲基-1-吡咯里嗪酮(Z-47)后尿中的代谢物进行了分离、检测。根据代谢物的色谱行为及与Z-47结构有关的其它药物的代谢途径,推测Z-47羧基衍生物[4-(3H-1,2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮-2-甲基胺基)苯甲酸]是一可能的代谢产物,遂用化学方法合成了该衍生物。利用色谱保留值、紫外双波长吸收比值等对代谢物和标准品进行比较,并对尿样的酶水解产物进行色谱分析,证实Z-47羧基衍生物及其酯型β-D-葡糖苷酸结合物是Z-47在家兔体内的主要代谢产物。     

海洋真菌09-1-1-1次级代谢产物的研究

目的从海洋真菌的代谢产物中寻找新的具有抗真菌活性的化合物。方法以稻瘟霉生物模型筛选海洋真菌,获得编号09-1-1-1的活性菌株,从其发酵液中分离活性代谢产物。结果从发酵液中分离到2个化合物,鉴定其结构为3a,12c-二氢-8-羟基-6-甲氧基-7H-呋喃[3′,2′∶4,5]呋喃[2,3-c]呫吨-7-酮(Ⅰ,sterig-matocystin)和1,3,6,8-四羟基-2-(1-羟己基)-9,10-蒽二酮(Ⅱ,averantin)。结论稻瘟霉生物模型用于筛选海洋真菌活性代谢产物成本低、快速又方便。化合物Ⅱ对109稻瘟霉菌丝的生长最小抑制浓度为1.6μg.mL-1。     

Two new triterpenoids from the fungus Perenniporia maackiae

Two new triterpenoids, 3β-(2-methoxy-oxalyloxy)-24-methylene-lanost-8-en-21-oic acid (1) and 3β-(2-methoxy-oxalyloxy)-15α-hydroxy-24-methylene-lanost-8-en-21-oic acid (2), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Perenniporia maackiae, together with two previously known triterpenoids (3 and 4). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on five tumor cell lines.     

Two new aromatic compounds from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib

Two new aromatic compounds, trans-(tetrahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-3-yl)methyl benzoate (1), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl benzoate (2) and one new natural product, 4-((E)-3-ethoxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol (3) together with five known aromatic compounds have been isolated from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib. Their structures were determined by physical and spectroscopic methods.     

Synthesis of 1,7-bis(4-hydroxypenyl)-4-hydroxy-1,3-heptadiene-5-one, an antiplatelet diarylheptanoid from Alpinia blepharocalyx K. schum

A general and straight forward total synthesis of 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-heptadiene-5-one (5) starting from 4-methoxycinnamic acid (6) via ethyl 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate (14) was accomplished in 19% overall yield.     

The reaction of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid with aqueous bromine re-evaluation of the product

The reaction of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid with aqueous bromine was reinvestigated to affirm the formation of (E)-5-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acid, whose structure was confirmed by the spectroscopic methods as well as the chemical modification.     

1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-3,5-吡啶二羧酸单甲酯的制备

1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-3,5-吡啶二羧酸单甲酯(1)是二氢吡啶类降压药的重要中间体。主要合成方法如下:(1)1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-3,5-吡啶二羧酸甲基氰乙基酯经碱性水解制得,收率60%[1],但原料不易得;(2)1-乙氧甲基-1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-3,5-吡啶羧酸二甲酯在金属钠和二甲胺基异丙醇存在下水解、酸化制得,收率47.4%[2],操作繁琐,后处理困难;(3)1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-3,5-吡啶二羧酸二甲酯(2)直接用碱催化水解制得[3],但反应时间长,反应液为黑红色,酸化后产物为淡红色粉末,纯度差。…     

6-取代苯基-3(2H)哒嗪酮的合成、抗惊活性及其构效关系的研究

本文报道了14个6-取代苯基-4,5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮和15个6-取代苯基-3(2H)哒嚎酮的合成及其抗电惊活性。其ED₅₀值表明,以2′,4′-二氯苯基-3(2H)哒嗪酮的抗惊作用为最强。构效分析表明,苯环上的取代基对化合物的抗惊活性有明显影响,吸电子取代基和疏水性参数值较大的取代基有利于提高化合物的抗惊活性。     

4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯的合成

2-甲基-2-羟基丙腈(2)经三甲基硅基(TMS)保护后,经Blaise反应并脱三甲基硅烷基保护,在亚硝酸钠和乙酸作用下肟化和Pd/C催化还原得到2-氨基-4-羟基-4-甲基-3-氧代戊酸乙酯三氟乙酸盐,再与丁酰亚氨酸甲酯盐酸盐环合得到奥美沙坦酯关键中间体4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯,总收率约40%。     

糙叶败酱中木脂素成分研究糙叶败酱中木脂素成分研究

目的研究糙叶败酱（Patrinia scabra Bge.）中的木脂素类化学成分。方法应用柱色谱HPLC法分离纯化，通过光谱（IR，MS，¹HNMR，¹³CNMR，DEPT，HMQC和HMBC）鉴定其化学结构。结果和结论分离并鉴定了4个木脂素类化合物，分别鉴定为：落叶松脂醇(1)，4-［1-乙氧基-1-(4′-羟基-3′-甲氧基)苯基］甲基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基)苯基-3-羟甲基四氢呋喃(2)，异落叶松树脂酚(3)，去甲络石糖苷(4)。化合物2为新的木脂素，化合物3，4为首次从该属植物中分得。