A new sesquiterpene lactone glycoside and a new quinic acid methyl ester from Patrinia villosa

A new sesquiterpene lactone glycoside (1) and a new quinic acid methyl ester (2) were isolated from Patrinia villosa, together with another two known compounds chlorogenic acid n-butyl ester (3), 3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (4). Their structures were established using 1D/2D-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and comparing with spectroscopic data reported in the literature.     

不同生长期独一味中山栀苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯的含量研究

目的:研究分析不同生长期独一味中山栀苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯含量。方法:采用HPLC反相色谱柱Waters Symmetry C18(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),梯度洗脱[0~10 min,乙腈-水(10∶90);10~30 min,乙腈-水(18∶82)],流速1.0mL.min-1,检测波长235 nm,柱温25℃。结果:不同生长期的独一味中山栀苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯的总含量有明显差异,从6月份到9月份呈近似于正态分布的趋势,以7月中旬到8月初期间的含量为最高。结论:本方法结果准确,重现性好,易于操作,可用于不同生长期独一味中山栀苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯的含量研究。     

Xylopyrine-C,a new cyclopeptide alkaloid from Zizyphus xylopyra

Xylopyrine-C, a new 14-membered ring cyclopeptide alkaloid, has been isolated from the root bark of Zizyphus xylopyra together with a known alkaloid scutianine-C, and their structures were established by chemical and spectral evidences.     

螺旋藻来源的γ-亚麻酸甲酯调血脂作用研究

利用从螺旋藻中提取的γ-亚麻酸甲酯(GLAME)，分别制成含GLAME0.25％、0．5％、1％的饲料喂饲正常大鼠和高脂膳食喂养形成的高脂血症大鼠，连续4周，测定血脂、肝脂及血浆和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明：GLAME能显著降低正常大鼠和高脂血症大鼠血浆TC、TG、LDL—C含量和AI，升高HDL—C含量和HDL—C／TC，能降低正常大鼠和高脂血症大鼠血浆和肝脏MDA舍主及肝胆固醇含量，降低高脂血症大鼠肝指数(肝重/体重)，但对正常大鼠的肝指数无明显影响。     

Eye irritation potential: palm-based methyl ester sulphonates

Aim: To evaluate eye irritation potential of palm-based methyl ester sulphonates (MES) of different chain lengths; C12, C14, C16, C16:18.

Methods: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test method (BCOP), OECD Test Guideline 437, was used as an initial step to study the inducing effect of palm-based MES on irreversible eye damage. The second assessment involved the use of reconstructed human corneal-like epithelium test method, OECD Test Guideline 492 using SkinEthic? Human Corneal Epithelium to study the potential effect of palm-based MES on eye irritancy. The palm-based MES were prepared in 10% solution (w/v) in deionized water and tested as a liquid and surfactant test substances whereby both test conducted according to the liquid/surfactant treatment protocol.

Results: The preliminary BCOP results showed that palm-based MES; C12, C14, C16, C16:18 were not classified as severe eye irritants test substances with in vitro irritancy score between 3 and the threshold level of 55. The second evaluation using SkinEthic? HCE model showed that palm-based MES; C12, C14, C16, C16:18 and three commercial samples were potentially irritants to the eyes with mean tissue viability ≤ 60% and classified as Category 2 according to United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. However, there are some limitations of the proposed ocular irritation classification of palm-based MES due to insolubility of long chain MES in 10% solution (w/v) in deionized water.

Conclusion: Therefore, future studies to clarify the eye irritation potential of the palm-based MES will be needed, and could include; methods to improve the test substance solubility, use of test protocol for solids, and/or inclusion of a benchmark anionic surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate within the study design.     

4-Aminobutyric acid methyl ester hydrochloride,a precursor of 4-aminobutyric acid

4-Aminobutyric methyl ester hydrochloride (GME) is able to cross the blood-brain barrier after intracardiac administration to the rat. GME has an LD₅₀ of 1300 mg/kg in mice and 950 mg/kg in rats, exhibits an antiaggressive effect and is able to decrease isoniazid-induced convulsions in the rat. GME is hydrolyzed to 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by brain homogenates, acts as an inhibitor of GABA binding to crude synaptic plasma membranes, activates the release and inhibits the uptake of GABA by rat synaptosomes and acts as a competitive inhibitor of the so-called GABAse system in vitro.     

AP-N抑制剂类天然抗癌化合物AHPA-Val甲酯的合成

目的化学合成AP-N抑制剂类天然抗癌化合物AHPA-Val甲酯,初步探讨其抗癌作用与免疫学活性的关系。方法以丙烯酸、苯甲醛和缬氨酸甲酯为起始原料,经氯代、硝化、消除、加成、缩合和催化氢化等7步反应合成了AHPA-Val甲酯,用荷S180的昆明系小鼠进行初步抑瘤活性试验和增强免疫功能试验。结果AHPA—Val甲酯的化学结构经IR和1H—NMR波谱解析和元素分析所证实。在20 mg/(kg·d)剂量下,对小鼠S180的抑瘤率为28.3％,免疫学廓清指数与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论AHPA—Val甲酯的抗癌活性与其对机体的免疫增强作用有关。     

猪毛菜中一新生物碱

研究猪毛菜中的生物碱。采用各种色谱技术进行分离，通过理化性质及波谱分析进行结构鉴定。从猪毛菜地上部分的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到4个酰胺类生物碱，其化学结构分别确定为N-反式阿魏酰基-3-甲基多巴胺(1)、3-［4-(β-D-吡喃葡糖氧基)-3-甲氧基苯基］-N-［2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基］-2-丙胺(2)，猪毛菜碱A(3)，猪毛菜碱B(4)。化合物4为一新化合物，命名为猪毛菜碱B，化合物2为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

毛细管气相色谱顶空进样法测定甲基多巴甲脂中有机溶剂的残留量

目的　测定甲基多巴甲酯中有机溶剂残留量。方法　采用毛细管气相色谱顶空进样法,FID检测器。用HP - 5 (5 %苯基甲基聚硅氧烷)毛细管柱,柱温5 0℃。结果　甲醇、氯仿、二氯乙烷、甲苯标准曲线的线性范围分别为1 3 .1 8～1 31 . 80mg·L-1(r=0 . 9998)、0 .0～1 4 . 89mg·L-1 (r=0 . 9984 )、0 .1 0～1 0 . 1 4mg·L-1 (r=0 . 9972 )、3 .0 2～30 2 . 0 0mg·L-1 (r=0 9994 ) ;平均回收率分别为98 1 %、95 . 5 %、88. 0 %、9. 5 %;RSD分别为2 . 7%、4 9%、7 8%、1 . 1 %(n =5 )。结论　方法灵敏、准确,可用于甲基多巴甲酯中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

Tenuifoliose Q, a new oligosaccharide ester from the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd

From the cortexes of Polygala tenuifolia Willd., a new oligosaccharide ester, tenuifoliose Q (1), was isolated together with three known compounds. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic and physiochemical analysis as an oligosaccharide esterified with acetic, benzoic and p-hydroxycinnamoyl acid.     

Tenuifoliose Q,a new oligosaccharide ester from the root of Polygala tenuifolia willd.

From the cortexes of Polygala tenuifolia Willd., a new oligosaccharide ester, tenuifoliose Q (1), was isolated together with three known compounds. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic and physiochemical analysis as an oligosaccharide esterified with acetic, benzoic and p-hydroxycinnamoyl acid.     

左旋多巴甲酯对斜视性弱视猫模型的作用

目的观察左旋多巴甲酯对斜视性弱视猫视皮质c-fos基因表达的影响,探讨盐酸左旋多巴甲酯对弱视的治疗作用及其作用机制。方法正常幼猫30只随机分成6组:左旋多巴甲酯低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组、模型对照组、阳性对照组及正常对照组,每组5只,于4wk时行眼外直肌切除术造成人工斜视(正常对照组除外),经图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)确定形成弱视后,灌胃给予左旋多巴甲酯20,40,80mg·kg-1,阳性对照组给予左旋多巴40mg·kg-1,正常对照组及模型组均给予等量生理盐水。观察P-VEP的变化并采用原位杂交技术检测各组猫视皮质的c-fosmRNA表达情况。结果左旋多巴甲酯明显的缩短猫斜视性弱视眼的P100波峰潜时及提高P100波幅值。斜视猫视皮质的阳性染色细胞较正常猫减少,差异有显著性(P<0.01),用药后各组阳性染色细胞较模型对照组明显增加(P<0.01)。结论左旋多巴甲酯明显地改善斜视性弱视猫模型弱视眼的传导和感觉功能,其机制可能与左旋多巴甲酯进入脑内的量增加及介导视皮质c-fos mRNA的表达调控有关。     

One new triterpene ester from Nepeta suavis

One new tetracyclic triterpene ester (1) has been isolated from the chloroform-soluble portion of the whole plant of Nepeta suavis along with two known compounds, namely artemetin (2) and jaceidin (3). The structures of the isolated compounds were assigned on the basis of their ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra including two-dimensional NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments and comparison with the literature data.     

Three new indole alkaloid derivatives from the roots of Murraya paniculata

Three new indole alkaloid derivatives, named paniculidines D?F (1?3), and six known analogs (4?9) were isolated from the roots of Murraya paniculata. The structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive HRESIMS, UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with the data reported in literature. The absolute configurations of new compounds were assigned via the determination of specific optical rotation, Mosher′s method, and ECD spectra. Compound 3 is the first heterodimer of C-N linked indole and coumarin derivatives.     

Fasciospyrinadine,a novel sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid from a Guangxi sponge Fasciospongia sp.

Fasciospyrinadine (1), a novel sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid with a previously unreported skeleton featuring a monocyclicfarnesane moiety attached to a 3-methylenepyridine residue, was isolated from the sponge Fasciospongia sp. from Weizhou Island, Guangxi Autonomous Region. The structure and the relative stereochemistry of 1 were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of its 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.     

左旋多巴甲酯对剥夺性弱视猫视皮层17区神经细胞的影响

目的观察不同剂量的左旋多巴甲酯对剥夺性弱视猫模型视皮层17区神经细胞凋亡情况以及神经生长因子(NGF)和FOS蛋白表达的影响,探讨左旋多巴甲酯对弱视的治疗效果及其作用机制。方法健康的幼猫30只随机分成6组:左旋多巴甲酯高(LDMEH)、中(LDMEM)、低(LD-MEL)剂量组、阳性对照组(PC)、模型对照组(MC)及正常对照组(NC),每组5只。除了正常组,于4周龄时参照Hubel经典实验方法对各组幼猫进行麻醉后的左眼单纯上下睑缝合建立剥夺性弱视,12周后打开缝合眼并开始给药,每天灌胃左旋多巴甲酯20,40,80 mg.kg-1,阳性对照组为左旋多巴40 mg.kg-1,正常组与模型组为等剂量生理盐水,每天1次持续30 d。进行Nissl染色观察,TUNEL检测法观察视皮层神经细胞的凋亡情况,经免疫组化技术检测视皮层17区神经细胞中NGF以及FOS蛋白的表达情况。结果左旋多巴甲酯有效地降低了弱视眼视皮层17区中的神经细胞凋亡率。模型对照组弱视眼视皮层17区NGF和FOS免疫阳性细胞数量明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。给药治疗后各组视皮层17区NGF和FOS免疫阳性细胞密度较模型对照组均为增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论左旋多巴甲酯对视皮层17区中神经细胞有保护作用,通过上调内源性NGF和FOS蛋白的表达来修复剥夺性弱视造成的结构与功能缺陷,可能与它们共同协调作用下重塑中枢视觉通路有关。     

Griseochelin methyl ester, a new polyether derivative with antiviral activity

The methylester of griseochelin (1) is a new chemically-made antiviral derivate of the antibiotic griseochelin isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces griseus. It belongs to the polyether group and possesses antiviral activity against enveloped RNA and DNA viruses cultivated in chicken embryo cells (CEC), namely influenzavirus A/WSN, vesicularstomatitis virus (Indiana), vaccinia virus (Lister) and herpes simplex hominis virus type 1 (Kupka). The methylester of griseochelin failed to show virucidal effects on extracellular influenza vacciniavirus particles or to influence virus adsorption and penetration processes. The antibiotic in concentrations of 125-15 micrograms/ml inhibited the virus-induced cytopathic effect of the above mentioned viruses and caused over 90 per cent plaque reduction. Addition of 1 during a one-step growth cycle of influenzavirus A at 4 and 6 h p.i. resulted in complete suppression of virus multiplication at the control niveau of the virus yield accumulated to the same time point. A partial reversibility of the antiviral action against influenzavirus A could be achieved. Coxsackie A9 virus growth in human fibroblast cells was not affected by the inhibitor. Electron-optical observations showed a failure of the formation of the viral capside proteins of HSV type 1 at the second halftime of the replication cycle in CEC-infected and 1-treated cultures.     

依他尼酸甲酯诱导人急性髓性白血病HL-60细胞凋亡作用和机制的初步探讨

目的研究依他尼酸甲酯(EAME)对人急性髓性白血病HL-60细胞的凋亡诱导作用,并初步探讨EAME诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的机制。方法采用吖啶橙(AO)、溴化乙啶(EB)双染法考察药物的凋亡诱导活性;采用流式细胞术检测活性氧的蓄积和线粒体膜电位的变化;利用荧光标记法检测细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的变化。结果EAME浓度在2~10μmol.L-1内对HL-60细胞具有显著的凋亡诱导能力;EAME诱导活性氧蓄积,降低线粒体膜电位和细胞内GSH含量;N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)能够完全逆转EAME对GSH水平的耗竭作用及对HL-60细胞的凋亡诱导作用;丁硫氨酸亚砜胺(BSO)可以协同EAME进一步降低细胞内GSH水平,同时增强凋亡诱导能力。结论EAME可诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡,活性氧在凋亡诱导过程中起主要作用。细胞内GSH水平与细胞对EAME诱导凋亡的敏感性呈反向相关。     

The irreversible narcotic antagonistic and reversible agonistic properties of the fumaramate methyl ester derivative of naltrexone

The fumaramate methyl ester derivatives of naltrexone (β-FNA) and oxymorphone (β-FOA) were both found to be reversible agonists on the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle preparation. In addition, β-FNA possessed an irreversible antagonistic effect against morphine whereas β-FOA had no such capacity. Analysis by pA₂ values revealed that β-FOa resembled pure agonists like morphine and enkephalin while β-FNA resembled the mixed agonist-antagonists like nalorphine and pentazocine. The antagonism by β-FNA was very selective in that it antagonized pure agonists but had little or no effect on the effects of either mixed agonists, ethylketocyclazocine or other non-opiate-type agonists like norepinephrine.