功能性电刺激四肢联动训练对脑卒中患者下肢功能及步行能力的影响

目的:探讨功能性电刺激(FES)四肢联动训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能及步行能力的影响。方法:45例脑卒中患者按照随机数字表分为FES四肢联动组(治疗组)23例和常规康复训练组(对照组)22例,2组均接受常规治疗和康复训练,康复训练为每日1次,每次1 h,每周5次,持续训练8周。治疗组加以选择性刺激患侧下肢肌肉,电极片分别置于股四头肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌、腓肠肌,刺激强度以患者耐受为限,每日1次,每次20 min,每周5次,连续8周。治疗前后测试2组受试者FES四肢联动训练指标(运动总距、总功率及平均电刺激值),进行Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表下肢部分(FMA-L)评分和10 m步行能力测试(10m WT)。结果:治疗后2组运动总距、总功率均较治疗前明显增高(P<0.05),平均电刺激明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组运动总距的增高幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组FMA-L评分较治疗前明显增高(P<0.05),且治疗组的增高幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组10m WT较治疗前明显减少(P<0.05),且治疗组的减少幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:FES四肢联动训练可以改善脑卒中患者下肢功能,提高步行能力。     

多通道功能性电刺激对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的影响

目的：探讨多通道功能性电刺激（FES）对脑卒中偏瘫患者早期下肢运动及平衡功能的影响及其脑可塑性机制。方法：将早期脑卒中患者18例随机分为FES组10例和对照组8例。2组均采用常规治疗,FES组加用基于人体正常行走模式设计的FES治疗仪治疗,对照组给予无电流输出的安慰电刺激。治疗前后采用Fugl—Meyer运动评定量表（FMA）中下肢部分评定下肢运动功能和Berg平衡量表（BBS）评定平衡功能,并给予核磁共振弥散张力成像（DTI）检查。结果：治疗3周后,2组FMA及BBS评分均较治疗前明显提高（P〈0．05）,且FES组更高于对照组（均P〈0．05）;DTI检查结果显示：治疗后,FES组病灶局部水肿较治疗前明显减少,双侧纤维束较治疗前明显增多增粗;对照组病灶局部水肿较治疗前减少,患侧纤维束较治疗前增加不明显。结论：FES治疗能提高脑卒中早期患者下肢运动功能,改善平衡功能,同时促进脑功能重组。     

多通路功能性电刺激四肢联动对于脑卒中患者下肢功能恢复的影响

目的:比较多通路功能性电刺激(FES)四肢联动和普通四肢联动治疗对脑卒中患者下肢功能恢复的差异。方法:32例脑卒中患者随机分为普通四肢联动治疗组(对照组)和多通路FES四肢联动治疗组(观察组)各16例。2组患者均接受常规的物理治疗、作业治疗、针灸等康复治疗,对照组加以普通四肢联动治疗,观察组加以多通路FES四肢联动治疗,4组电极片分别置于患侧股四头肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌、腓肠肌,刺激强度以患者忍受为限。选择Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表下肢部分(FMA-L)评定2组患者治疗前后下肢运动功能,Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定平衡功能,10m步行能力测试(10-MW)评定步行速度。结果:治疗4周后2组患者FMA-L评分、BBS评分、10-MW速度较治疗前均有明显提高(P0.05),且观察组提高幅度明显大于对照组(P0.05)。结论:多通路FES四肢联动治疗对于促进脑卒中患者下肢功能恢复的疗效明显优于普通四肢联动治疗。     

功能性电刺激与踝足矫形器改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步行功能的疗效对比

目的探讨功能性电刺激（FES）与踝足矫形器（AFO）改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步行功能的疗效对比。 方法采用随机数字表法将36例脑卒中偏瘫患者分为FES组及AFO组,每组18例。2组患者均给予常规药物治疗及康复干预。FES组患者在上述基础上采用步态训练矫正仪电刺激偏瘫侧下肢腓总神经及胫前肌,每天治疗30min,每周治疗5d,共持续治疗4周。AFO组患者则在上述常规治疗基础上通过佩戴固定式踝足矫形器进行步行训练,每天治疗30min,每周治疗5d,共持续治疗4周。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用10m最快步行速度测试（10MWT）、“起立-行走”计时测试(TUGT)、Holden步行功能评分（FAC）、踝趾屈肌肌张力评估及Brunnstrom运动功能分期对2组患者进行疗效评定。 结果治疗前2组患者10MWT、FAC、TUGT、踝趾屈肌肌张力、Brunnstrom运动功能分期组间差异均无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05）。分别经治疗4周后,发现2组患者10MWT、TUGT、FAC评分、Brunnstrom运动功能分期均较治疗前明显改善（P<0.05）;进一步分析发现,治疗后FES组患者10MWT［(0.84±0.46)m/s］、FAC评分［(3.50±0.65)分］、Brunnstrom运动功能分期均显著优于AFO组,组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05);治疗后2组患者TUGT、踝趾屈肌肌张力组间差异仍无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05)。 结论FES与AFO治疗均能促进脑卒中偏瘫患者步行功能恢复,并且FES较AFO能更显著改善脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢步行能力。     

核心肌群训练对脑卒中患者平衡及步行能力的影响

目的:观察核心肌群训练对脑卒中患者平衡及步行功能的影响。方法:脑卒中偏瘫患者75例分为观察组39例和对照组36例,2组均采用常规药物和康复训练,训练组同时进行腰、胸椎后伸及旋转训练等核心肌群训练,治疗前后2组患者分别采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)及Holden步行功能分级评定。结果:治疗6周后,2组BBS及Holden评分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组更高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:核心肌群训练对偏瘫患者平衡及步行功能有良好的促进作用。     

步行模式的功能性电刺激不同治疗时间对脑卒中患者下肢功能影响的随机对照研究CSCD

目的:探讨基于正常行走模式的智能化、多通道步行模式功能性电刺激(FES)改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的疗效及其与治疗时间的相关性,为步行模式FES的临床应用提供依据。方法:采用Minimize软件将18例脑卒中患者随机分为60 min步行模式FES组(60 min组)和30 min步行模式FES组(30 min组),每组各9例。2组的常规治疗相同,在此基础上,60 min组采用步行模式FES辅助行走30 min+卧位电刺激30 min;30 min组采用步行模式FES辅助行走30 min+卧位安慰刺激30 min。电刺激1次/d,5 d/周,共15次。在治疗前、治疗7次后、治疗15次后、治疗结束1个月后分别进行改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、徒手肌力检查(MMT)、Fugl-Meyer下肢功能评定(FMA-LE)、Berg平衡评定(BBS)、10 m步行测试(10MWT)步速和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评估,以判断患者患侧下肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力的变化。结果:组内比较发现,与治疗前相比,2组治疗7次后、治疗15次后和随访时的MAS、MMT、FMA-LE、BBS差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);60 min组在治疗后的3次评估中MBI的变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而30 min组仅在治疗7次后和治疗15次后的MBI变化有统计学意义(P<0.05);60 min组在治疗7次后和治疗15次后10 MWT步速的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而30 min组仅在治疗15次后的10 MWT步速变化有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较发现,治疗7次后,60 min组MAS、10MWT步速改善更明显(P<0.05);治疗15次后,MAS、FMA-LE、MBI组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访时,MAS、MBI组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:智能化、多通道步行模式功能性电刺激能有效改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能、平衡、行走和日常生活活动能力;而延长治疗时间(从治疗30 min到60 min)可以达到降低肌张力、改善患侧下肢运动功能、提高步速和生活自理能力的效果,且能够延长生活自理能力的疗效持续时间。     

情景互动结合器械辅助核心肌群训练对改善偏瘫患者步行功能的疗效观察

目的:观察情景互动结合器械辅助核心肌群训练对改善偏瘫患者步行功能的疗效。方法:将45例存在步行功能障碍的脑卒中后偏瘫患者随机分成对照组(A组)、器械辅助核心训练组(B组)和情景互动结合器械辅助核心训练组(C组)各15例。所有患者均给予常规神经内科药物治疗,A组接受常规的运动疗法(包含常规核心肌群训练),B组接受常规运动疗法和器械辅助核心肌群训练,C组接受常规运动疗法和情景互动结合器械辅助核心肌群训练,3组均每日训练45min,每周治疗6d,共4周。治疗前后采用下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)、10米最大步行速度测试和Holden步行功能测试对患者的步行功能进行评估。结果:治疗前,3组患者下肢FMA、10MWT和Holden步行功能分级相比差异无统计学意义。治疗4周后,3组患者下肢FMA、10MWT和Holden步行功能分级均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05);B、C组的下肢FMA、10MWT和Holden步行功能分级提高均优于A组(P<0.05);C组各项评分提高程度更优于B组(P<0.05)。结论:对于脑卒中后偏瘫患者,在常规运动疗法的基础上,情景互动结合器械辅助核心训练比起单纯器械辅助核心肌群训练能更加有效地改善患者步行功能,值得临床推广应用。     

经颅直流电刺激同步多通道功能性电刺激对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡与行走功能影响的研究

目的:观察经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)同步多通道功能性电刺激(FES)的治疗模式对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡与行走功能的影响。方法:将脑卒中偏瘫步行障碍患者随机分为tDCS组(20例)和伪tDCS组(18例)。tDCS组采用1×1 tDCS治疗仪,阳极置于脑初级运动皮层偏瘫下肢代表区,阴极置于健脑额前区,电流强度:2mA。伪tDCS组患者电极放置位置相同,但仅在开始治疗和结束前30s有电流输出。两组均同步接受FES治疗。治疗时间:20min/次,1次/天,5天/周,连续治疗2周。治疗前、1周后、2周后分别给予Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Holden步行功能量表的临床评估,并在治疗前和2周后进行三维步态分析。结果:治疗组1周后BBS变化率、2周后Holden等级较伪刺激组增加,差异具有显著性(P0.05);治疗组步态的特征性参数、时空参数、对称性参数与伪刺激组比较,差异无显著性。结论:tDCS同步FES治疗可能提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡功能,可以显著提高其行走功能,但三维步态分析的步态参数变化不明显。     

表面肌电结合等速测试仪评价功能性电刺激对脑卒中患者下肢痉挛及其功能影响的临床研究

目的:运用表面肌电结合等速测试仪探讨基于正常行走模式的功能性电刺激(FES)对脑卒中患者下肢痉挛及功能的影响.方法:54例脑卒中患者随机分为2组,FES组及安慰刺激组(对照组).2组患者均接受常规的临床及康复治疗.FES组在此基础上接受基于正常行走模式的FES治疗,安慰刺激组给予无电流输出的电刺激.治疗前及治疗4周后,...     

镜像疗法对脑卒中偏瘫下肢功能的影响北大核心CSCD

目的观察镜像疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能的影响。方法 2016年9月至2017年5月,脑卒中偏瘫患者60例,随机分为对照组(n=30)和治疗组(n=30)。两组均接受常规康复和下肢功能性电刺激(FES),治疗组下肢加用镜像治疗。治疗前、治疗8周后采用Fugl-Meyer评定量表下肢部分(FMA-L)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Holden步行功能分级进行评定。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后,两组FMA-L、BBS评分及Holden分级均有显著改善(t>4.557,Z>4.666,P<0.001),治疗组均优于对照组(t>5.832,Z=-2.086,P<0.05)。结论在FES治疗的基础上加用镜像疗法,能更有效地促进脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复。     

Change in muscle force following electrical stimulation. Dependence on stimulation waveform and frequency

Change in muscle force in healthy subjects due to electrical stimulation was accomplished with rectangular and sinusoidal currents. The pulse width of rectangular stimuli was 0.3 ms and repetition frequency was 25 Hz. The frequency of sinusoidal stimuli was 2 500 Hz, chopped by a 25 Hz rectangular signal. Thirteen healthy subjects were involved in the study and divided into three groups. The first group (A) had stimulation with rectangular impulses, the second (B) with sinusoidal impulses and the third (C) was a control group. The quadriceps muscle was stimulated daily for 10 minutes for 3 weeks. The maximal voluntary isometric torque increased for 25% in group A and 13% in group B, while there was no significant difference in group C. Different patterns of fatigue occurred with different stimuli. The presence of fatigue during the high frequency sinusoidal stimulation diminished the strengthening effects.     

Effects of feedback stimulation training and cyclical electrical stimulation on knee extension in hemiparetic patients

Positional feedback stimulation training and cyclical electrical stimulation were used in combination as a treatment for facilitating knee extension in hemiparetic patients. Forty adult hemiparetic patients who demonstrated minimal active control of their quadriceps femoris muscles were randomly assigned to control or study groups. The control patients received a program of physical therapy, and the study patients received the positional feedback stimulation training in addition to their therapy program. The stimulation training provided the patient with immediate auditory and visual feedback of his changing joint angle while he voluntarily extended his knee. When the patient reached a near maximal extension effort, electrical stimulation of the quadriceps femoris muscle was automatically triggered, completing the patient's available range of motion in extension. The stimulation training was supplemented with two hours of cyclical electrical stimulation daily. At the end of four weeks, analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in knee extension torque and active synergistic range of motion in the study group. No change was noted in their ability to extend their knees using isolated quadriceps femoris muscle control. This study suggests that positional feedback stimulation training is effective when used to augment a facilitation program for improving knee extension control in hemiparetic patients.     

Impacts of selected stimulation patterns on the perception threshold in electrocutaneous stimulation

Background  

Consistency is one of the most important concerns to convey stable artificially induced sensory feedback. However, the constancy of perceived sensations cannot be guaranteed, as the artificially evoked sensation is a function of the interaction of stimulation parameters. The hypothesis of this study is that the selected stimulation parameters in multi-electrode cutaneous stimulation have significant impacts on the perception threshold.     

经颅磁刺激及局部直流电刺激对受损周围神经再生的影响

目的 分别从电生理学、组织学方面观察经颅磁刺激及局部直流电刺激对周围神经再生的影响，探讨其促进受损神经功能恢复的相关机制。方法共选取20只SD大鼠，将其制成周围神经损伤模型并随机分为经颅磁刺激组及局部直流电刺激组，分别采用电生理学及组织学方法观察磁刺激对周围神经潜伏期、波幅、神经传导速度及周围神经髓鞘结构、数量的影响，并与局部直流电刺激组进行比较。结果2组大鼠分别经20d相应处理后，发现经颅磁刺激组大鼠受损坐骨神经的波幅明显增高，与局部直流电刺激组间的差异有统计学意义；在组织学方面，可观察到经颅磁刺激组有大量新生神经髓鞘出现，其数量显著多于局部直流电刺激组，差异亦有统计学意义；另外经颅磁刺激组的髓鞘结构也较局部直流电刺激组清晰、完整。结论通过电生理学及组织学观察，发现经颅磁刺激在促进受损周围神经再生、修复方面，其疗效可能优于局部直流电刺激。     

成对关联刺激与重复经颅磁刺激对大脑皮质兴奋性的调节作用

目的 比较成对关联刺激(PAS)与重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对大脑皮质兴奋性的调节作用.方法 募集健康受试者10例.干预前检测所有受试者左侧大脑半球的运动诱发电位(MEP),记录其MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期和静息运动阈值(RMT);次日相同时间点,给予左侧大脑半球及其对侧腕部正中神经频率为0.05 Hz、强度为120％ RMT、刺激间隔(ISI)为10 ms(称为PAS10)、共90对脉冲的PAS干预,干预后1 min检测受试者左侧大脑半球MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期和RMT;间歇1周,以消除PAS10对受试者大脑皮质兴奋性的影响.在相同时间点给予同侧大脑半球频率为1 Hz、强度为120％ RMT、共1000个脉冲的rTMS干预,干预后1 min检测受试者左侧大脑半球的上述指标.分别比较干预前、PAS10干预后1 min、rTMS干预后1 rmin上述各项指标的变化.结果 干预前10例受试者MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期和RMT分别为(2.93±0.99)mY、(20.97±1.67)ms和(46.06±5.32)％;PAS10干预后1 min分别为(1.14 ±0.76)mV、(21.87±l.09)ms和(52.06±4.20)％;rTMS干预后1 min分别为(2.24±0.79)mY、(20.88±1.94)ms和(49.00±4.54)％.PAS10干预后1 rmin的MEP波幅、MEP潜伏时、RMT与PAS10干预前的差值分别为(1.83±0.14)mV、(0.90 ±0.26)ms和(6.00±1.13)％;rTMS干预后与干预前的MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期、RMT差值分别为(0.69±0.l0)mV、(0.09±0.05)ms和(3.94±0.93)％.rTMS干预后1 min与干预前比较,MEP波幅降低、RMT增大(P＜0.01),而MEP潜伏期无明显变化(P＞0.05);PAS10干预后1 min与干预前比较,MEP波幅降低、MEP潜伏期延长、RMT增大(P＜0.01).PAS10干预后1 min与rTMS干预后1 min比较,MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期、RMT差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.0l).而且,PAS10干预前、后MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期、RMT差值与rTMS干预前、后MEP波幅、MEP潜伏期、RMT差值间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 PAS10以及低频rTMS对大脑皮质兴奋性均有抑制作用,而PAS10较低频rTMS对大脑皮质兴奋性抑制的即刻效应更明显.     

Effect of amphotericin B and clotrimazole on lymphocyte stimulation

Human lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, purified protein derivative-tuberculin, and allogenic cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis of the lymphocytes was inhibited in increasing degree by 4 to 8 mug of amphotericin B per ml of culture irrespective of lymphocyte stimulant used. The effect of clotrimazole on the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis varied between experiments with different and also between experiments with the same stimulant. Ten micrograms of clotrimazole per ml was generally inhibiting, whereas in one experiment 2 mug or more per ml inhibited the purified protein derivative-induced deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. The effects of amphotericin B and clotrimazole were neutralized by serum.     

L-arginine and L-lysine stimulation on cultured human osteoblasts.

Essential amino acids, such as L-Arginine (Arg) and L-Lysine (Lys), are involved in bone metabolism and growth. Our previous studies analyzed the effect of these amino acids on rat osteoblast cultures and in experimental animals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of L-Arg and L-Lys on cultured human osteoblasts. Primary human osteoblast cultures were divided into four groups: the Arg Group received 0.625 mg/ml per day of Arg, the Lys Group 0.587 mg/ml per day of Lys, the Arg-Lys Group received both amino acids, whereas the Control Group was sham-treated. After 7 days, the following parameters were tested in all groups: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitric oxide (NO), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen (PICP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on culture supernatant, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and MTT proliferation test on cells. Arg administration significantly increased ALP, NO, PICP and IGF-I production and reduced the level of IL-6. Lys administration over the same time interval mainly affected cell proliferation, as evidenced by the MTT test and immunostaining for PDGF. The same positive effects evidenced by the single administrations of the two amino acids resulted from their simultaneous administration. However, synergism could be demonstrated only for the decrease in the level of IL-6. Arg and Lys show a positive effect on human osteoblasts, which is related partly to the production of those factors required for matrix synthesis, and partly to the direct or mediated activation of cell proliferation.