双心室再同步化起搏患者焦虑抑郁情绪测评及心理干预研究

目的:探讨双心室同步化起搏(Biventricular pacing,CRT)患者手术前后焦虑抑郁情绪以及心理干预对其的影响。方法:30例行双心室同步化起搏患者术前及术后一天均进行焦虑抑郁情绪测评[医院焦虑抑郁情绪量表(HAD,包括焦虑(A)和抑郁(D)部分)和Beck抑郁量表(BDI量表)],并将患者随机分为心理干预组和非心理干预组各15例,一周后再次评定焦虑抑郁情绪,比较两组统计学差异。结果:所有双心室同步起搏患者术后一天焦虑抑郁情绪对术前[HAD(A):(6.82±3.96)vs(9.95±4.76);HAD(D):(5.53±3.37)vs(9.12±6.04);BDI:(7.41±5.01)vs(12.76±8.04)]明显改善(均P<0.05)。术后一周非心理干预组焦虑抑郁差值与心理干预组比较有显著统计学意义,且心理干预组术后焦虑抑郁情绪较术前比较亦有明显改善[HAD(A):(4.59±3.54)vs(9.95±4.76);HAD(D):(4.59±2.83)vs(9.12±6.04);BDI:(5.41±3.92)vs(12.76±8.04)],P<0.05,差别有显著统计学意义。结论:双心室同步化起搏能改善心肌病患者焦虑抑郁情绪,术后早期心理干预治疗能更加显著改善患者焦虑和抑郁情绪,为该类患者术后提高生活质量,减轻医疗负担,具有显著临床意义。     

精神心理因素对功能性消化不良患者胃电活动的影响

目的 :探讨在功能性消化不良 (FD)患者中精神心理因素与胃电之间的关系。方法 :对 43例FD患者同时进行精神心理状态测量和体表胃电图检查。结果 :伴焦虑抑郁FD组餐后胃电节律异常的发生率显著高于不伴焦虑抑郁FD组 (39.1 %vs1 0 % )。伴焦虑抑郁FD组发生的胃电节律异常主要是胃电节律过缓和胃电节律紊乱。前者的餐后平均主频不稳定系数显著高于后者 (41 .8± 2 7.4vs32 .6± 2 3 .1 )。结论 :精神心理异常可影响胃电活动 ,产生异常的胃电活动     

Anxiety,Depression, and General Psychological Distress in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow

Background

The relationship between psychiatric illness and heart disease has been frequently discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression and overall psychological distress, and coronary slow flow (CSF).

Methods

In total, 44 patients with CSF and a control group of 50 patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA) were prospectively recruited. Clinical data, admission laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic and angiographic characteristics were recorded. Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scales were administered to each patient.

Results

The groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, and atherosclerotic risk factors. In the CSF group, BAI score, BDI score, and general symptom index were significantly higher than controls (13 [18.7] vs. 7.5 [7], p = 0.01; 11 [14.7] vs. 6.5 [7], p = 0.01; 1.76 [0.81] vs. 1.1[0.24], p = 0.01; respectively). Patients with CSF in more than one vessel had the highest test scores. In univariate correlation analysis, mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts were positively correlated with BAI (r = 0.56, p = 0.01), BDI (r = 0.47, p = 0.01), and general symptom index (r = 0.65, p = 0.01). The psychiatric tests were not correlated with risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Conclusion

Our study revealed higher rates of depression, anxiety, and overall psychological distress in patients with CSF. This conclusion warrants further studies.     

重度颅脑创伤患者康复期的心理护理

目的探讨重度颅脑创伤后处于康复期患者的心理护理。方法将78例重度颅脑创伤康复期患者随机分成两组,39例实施专职心理护理,另外39例不采取特殊心理护理,出院前对两组患者进行心理分析比较。结果两组患者一般治疗及后遗症情况比较无显著性差异。两组患者不良心理状况发生情况比较有显著性差异。结论心理护理有利于改善颅脑创伤患者的心理状态及行为,对促进康复起重要作用。     

三种不同心理测评量表对功能性消化不良患者焦虑、抑郁状态的评估

背景：功能性消化不良（FD）与精神心理因素密切相关,客观评估FD患者的心理状态对理解消化不良症状产生的机制、指导选择综合治疗方案、客观评估疗效均具有重要意义。目的：比较汉密尔顿焦虑/抑郁量表（HAMA/HAMD）、Zung焦虑/抑郁自评量表（SAS/SDS）和罗马Ⅲ心理社会警报问卷（RPAQ）对FD患者焦虑、抑郁状态的检出一致性。方法：纳入2008年11月~2010年4月北京协和医院符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的FD患者,同时接受HAMA、HAMD他评以及SAS、SDS和RPAQ自评。结果：共纳入134例FD患者。HAMA对FD患者焦虑检出率为72.4%,明显高于SAS（24.6%）和RPAQ（31.3%）（P〈0.05）;HAMD对FD患者抑郁检出率为47.0%,与SDS无明显差异（44.0%,P〉0.05）,但明显高于RPAQ（20.9%,P〈0.05）。SDS与HAMD检出结果的总符合率为73.1%。HAMA/HAMD较SAS/SDS、RPAQ更易检出重度FD患者合并的焦虑和抑郁;SAS和RPAQ漏检约半数FD患者合并的中重度焦虑。结论：HAMA/HAMD较SAS/SDS、RPAQ更易发现FD患者合并的焦虑、抑郁状态,其检出率差异可能与量表不同的构成有关。     

Psychological disturbance in fibromyalgia: Relation to pain severity

Summary Fibromyalgia is a form of nonarticular rheumatism characterized by musculoskeletal aching and tenderness on palpation. The role of psychological factors in fibromyalgia has been controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of fibromyalgia to the intensity of anxiety and depression and to determine the correlation between psychological disturbances with disease duration and pain severity.Thirty-nine patients with fibromyalgia and 36 healthy controls were included in this study. Beck depression inventory, State and trait anxiety inventory and Beck hopelessness scale were used to evaluate psychological disturbances. Visual analog scale was used to determine pain intensity.We found a significant difference in the psychological status between patients with fibromyalgia and control subjects as measured by Beck depression inventory and trait anxiety inventory; 35.9% of the patients scored higher than the cut-off score on the Beck depression rating scale. Pain severity was found to be correlated with trait anxiety inventory scores. These results suggest that somatic expression of depression is an important difference between fibromyalgia and control groups. The difference between state and trait anxiety inventory reflects that current anxiety is not secondary to pain but trait anxiety is possibly causally related to pain.     

Anxiety But Not Depression Decreases in Coeliac Patients After One-Year Gluten-free Diet: A Longitudinal Study

Background: A high prevalence of anxiety and depression has been reported in untreated coeliac disease (CD) patients. At present, the role of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on psychological disorders is still poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate state and trait anxiety and depression in adult CD patients before and after 1 year of GFD. Methods: A total of 35 CD patients were studied before and after 1 year of GFD. A total of 59 healthy subjects matched for gender, age and socio-economic status were studied as a control group. State and trait anxiety were assessed with the STAI test; depression was assessed using the modified version of the SDS Zung self-rating depression scale (M-SDS). The tests were administered before (T0) and after 1 year of GFD (T1). Results: At T0, CD patients showed high levels of state anxiety in a significantly higher percentage compared to controls (71.4% versus 23.7%; P &lt; 0.0001), while there was no significant difference in trait anxiety between groups (25.7% versus 15.2%; P:ns); the percentage of subjects with depression was significantly higher in the CD group than in the control group (57.1% versus 9.6%; P &lt; 0.0001). At T1, a significant decrease in the percentage of state anxiety was found in CD patients (T0: 71.4% versus T1: 25.7%; P &lt; 0.001), while there were no significant changes in the percentage of trait anxiety (T0: 25.7% versus T1: 17.1%; P:ns) or depression (T0: 57.1.% versus T1: 45.7%; P:ns), which was still present in a significantly higher percentage in treated CD compared to controls (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: In CD patients anxiety is present in a predominantly reactive form and it decreases after GFD. Depression is present in a higher percentage in CD patients and 1 year of GFD fails significantly to affect depressive symptoms. The presence of depression after GFD could be related to the reduction in quality of life in CD patients. The non-regression of depression after GFD could suggest that these patients need psychological support.     

生物反馈对功能性便秘患者症状和心理状态的影响

背景：功能性便秘（FC）是一种消化系统常见的功能性胃肠病，生物反馈是其有效治疗方法之一。目的：探讨生物反馈治疗对FC患者临床症状和心理状态的影响。方法：对78例符合FC罗马Ⅱ标准的患者行生物反馈训练，应用症状积分量表、结肠转运时间、Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）等评定患者治疗前后临床症状和心理状态的综合改善情况。结果：生物反馈治疗FC的总有效率为79．5％。生物反馈治疗前，与中国常模相比，FC患者的焦虑（39±8对31±13）和抑郁（52±9对42±11）积分显著升高（P均〈0.01）。生物反馈治疗后，患者焦虑（33±7对39±8）和抑郁（46±8对52±9）显著改善（P均〈0．01）。结论：生物反馈不仅可改善FC患者的临床症状，还可改善其异常心理状态。     

Novel Inflammatory Marker in Dialysis Patients: YKL‐40

YKL‐40 has been introduced as a marker of inflammation in different clinical situations. The association between YKL‐40 and inflammation in chronic renal failure patients has not been researched currently. The objectives of this study were to establish serum YKL‐40 concentrations in dialysis patients with chronic renal failure compared to healthy subjects and to explore its relationships with a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukine‐6 (IL‐6) and an acute phase mediator, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). The study population included hemodialysis patients (N = 43; mean age of 40.9 ± 14.5), peritoneal dialysis patients (N = 38; mean age of 45.8 ± 13.7) and healthy subjects (N = 37; mean age of 45.5 ± 10.6). Serum concentrations of YKL‐40, IL‐6, hs‐CRP and routine laboratory measures were evaluated. Compared to the healthy subjects, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients had higher concentrations of YKL‐40, IL‐6, hs‐CRP, as well as lower concentrations of hemoglobin, serum albumin and high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (P < 0.001). YKL‐40 concentrations were positively correlated with serum creatinine (P < 0.001, r = 0.495), IL‐6 (P < 0.001, r = 0.306), hs‐CRP (P = 0.001, r = 0.306) levels and inversely correlated with hemoglobin (P = 0.002, r = ?0.285), serum albumin (P < 0.001, r = ?0.355) and high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (P = 0.001, r = ?0.306). In multivariate regression analysis YKL‐40 was associated with creatinine, serum albumin and hs‐CRP concentrations after adjustments with covariates. Dialysis patients with chronic renal failure have elevated serum YKL‐40 concentrations. Associations with standard inflammatory parameters suggest that YKL‐40 might be a novel inflammatory marker in this population.     

High Mortality Rate of Infectious Diseases in Dialysis Patients: A Comparison With the General Population in Japan

Infectious disease is the second leading cause of death among dialysis patients, and it is generally assumed that the mortality rate of infectious disease is considerably higher in dialysis patients than in the general population. There are no comprehensive studies on this issue and on the contribution of each category of infectious disease to excess mortality in dialysis patients in Japan. We used mortality data reported to the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy and national Vital Statistics data for 2008 and 2009. We calculated standardized mortality ratios and compared the mortality rates for each category of infectious disease. During the 2‐year study period, 274 683 and 10 435 deaths from infectious diseases were recorded in 126 million people and 273 237 dialysis patients, respectively. The standardized mortality ratio for all infectious diseases was 7.5 (95% confidence interval, 7.3–7.6) in dialysis patients with respect to the general population in Japan. The categories of infectious disease with a significantly higher standardized mortality ratio among the dialysis patients were sepsis, peritonitis, influenza, tuberculosis, and pneumonia and in that order. In particular, the mortality rate of sepsis contributed to 69.5% of the difference in infectious disease mortality between dialysis patients and the general population. This study underlines markedly increased mortality from infectious diseases, particularly from sepsis, in dialysis patients compared with the general population.     

Evocalcet: A New Oral Calcimimetic for Dialysis Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Patients with chronic kidney disease often develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), marked by high levels of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Patients with SHPT are treated with a therapeutic combination that commonly includes calcimimetics, which have recently become popular in clinical settings, and other agents such as vitamin D preparations. Calcimimetics are a drug class that reduces PTH levels by targeting the calcium‐sensing receptor. Cinacalcet, a representative calcimimetic, is widely used; however, a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract‐related adverse events (AEs) can result in insufficient dosage and poor long‐term compliance. The newly approved evocalcet has equivalent efficacy to cinacalcet at a lower clinical dose, with improved bioavailability, fewer upper GI tract‐related AEs, and fewer safety concerns. This review gives an overview of calcimimetic agents, with a special focus on evocalcet, and describes the clinical advantages of evocalcet in the treatment of dialysis patients with SHPT.     

Higher Mortality Due to Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Dialysis Patients: A Comparison with the General Population in Japan

Cerebrovascular diseases, including intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, remain prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality among dialysis patients. Their mortality rate for cerebrovascular diseases is roughly three times higher than that in the general population. However, whether mortality rates for all subtypes of cerebrovascular diseases are equally higher has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate for each stroke subtype, comparing dialysis patients and the general population in Japan. We used mortality data reported by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy and national Vital Statistics data between 2008 and 2009. We calculated standardized mortality ratios and compared the mortality rates for stroke subtypes including intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. During the 2‐year study period, 51 994 and 933 deaths from intracerebral hemorrhage, 79 124 and 511 deaths from cerebral infarction, and 24 957 and 147 deaths from subarachnoid hemorrhage were recorded per 252 million person‐years and per 546 474 dialysis patient‐years, respectively. Standardized mortality ratios among dialysis patients relative to the general population were 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.6–4.1), 1.3 (1.2–1.4), and 1.3 (1.1–1.6) for intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. Intracerebral hemorrhage was the highest cause of mortality in the dialysis population, although cerebral infarction was the highest in the general population. Relative to the general population in Japan, Japanese dialysis patients had higher mortality rates, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage.     

心理干预对冠心病伴焦虑和抑郁患者心功能及心率变异性的改善作用

目的探讨心理干预对冠心病伴焦虑、抑郁患者心功能及心率变异性的影响。方法选择伴有抑郁、焦虑情绪障碍的58例冠心病患者,并将其随机分成两组。对照组患者仅给予常规治疗,研究组患者在常规治疗基础上给予心理干预3周。观察治疗前后两组患者Zung氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,心功能及心率变异性的变化。结果与对照组比较,研究组患者SAS、SDS评分显著降低(P<0.01),心功能指标(左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率)显著增加(P<0.05),心率变异性指标(24h正常RR间期均值标准差、5min窦性RR间期均值标准差、相邻RR间期差值均方根)显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理干预不仅能改善冠心病伴焦虑、抑郁患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪障碍,还能改善患者的心功能及心率变异性。     

Correlates associated with mental health and nutritional status in Lebanese older adults: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo assess correlates of mental and nutritional health among elderly in Lebanon, inside nursing homes compared to their private homes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2016 on 500 elderly.ResultsHigher somatic (Beta = 0.259) and cognitive anxiety (Beta = 0.508), increased age (Beta = 0.174) were significantly associated with higher depression, whereas having a secondary (Beta = −4.006) and a university (Beta = −6.829) levels of education compared to illiteracy, living home (Beta = −2.557) compared to living in a nursing home and male gender (Beta = −1.280) were significantly associated with lower depression.Increased BMI (Beta = 0.056), a married (Beta = 0.687) and a widowed (Beta = 1.022) status compared to a single status were associated with a better nutritional status, whereas an increased somatic anxiety (Beta = −0.061), secondary (Beta = −0.79) and university (Beta = −1.196) educational levels compared to illiteracy were significantly associated with a worse nutritional status.Increased cognitive (Beta = 1.160) and affective (Beta = 0.788) anxiety and age (Beta = 0.191) were associated with higher stress, whereas a primary (Beta = −6.991), secondary (Beta = −11.812) and university (Beta = −13.927) educational levels, male gender (Beta = −2.015) were significantly associated with lower stress compared to females.A significantly higher mean depression score was found in patients living in nursing homes compared to those living at home (13.74 vs. 11.18). No difference was found between the two groups concerning the nutritional status and stress score.ConclusionLiving in nursing homes was associated with more malnutrition and depression. An increased awareness of the personnel working in nursing homes and family members of these older adults can help improve their psychological status.     

A 24‐Week Anemia Correction Study of Daprodustat in Japanese Dialysis Patients

Daprodustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor developed for treating anemia of chronic kidney disease. This 24‐week, phase 3, open‐label study (NCT02829320) evaluated whether daprodustat could achieve and maintain target hemoglobin levels in Japanese hemodialysis patients with anemia not receiving an erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent. Twenty‐eight patients received daprodustat 4 mg once daily for 4 weeks, after which doses were adjusted to achieve a hemoglobin target of 10.0 to 12.0 g/dL (inclusive). Baseline mean hemoglobin was 9.10 g/dL and mean change from baseline at 4 weeks was 0.79 g/dL (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.05). Mean hemoglobin levels reached the target range by week 8 and were maintained within this range through week 24. Daprodustat 4 mg once daily increased hemoglobin over the first 4 weeks. Throughout the 24‐week study, daprodustat achieved and maintained hemoglobin within the target range and no new safety concerns were identified in hemodialysis patients not receiving erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents.     

Characteristics and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japanese Patients Undergoing Dialysis

Patients with end‐stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis may be at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of HCC in patients undergoing dialysis in Japan. Patients characteristics, progression of HCC at diagnosis, and survival rates after diagnosis were compared between 108 HCC patients undergoing dialysis and 526 non‐dialysis patients followed up at liver center. The comparisons were also performed after adjusting for patient age, gender, platelet count, and etiology using propensity‐score matching. HCC was more advanced in patients undergoing dialysis than in non‐dialysis controls. The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of patients undergoing dialysis were 56.3% and 38.3%, respectively, which were lower than those of non‐dialysis controls (66.5% and 52.7%, respectively, P = 0.0026). The results were the same after propensity score matching (P = 0.0014). In Japan, HCC was more advanced at diagnosis in patients undergoing dialysis in comparison to HCC in patients at liver centers, resulting in a lower survival rate after diagnosis.     

Cause‐Specific Excess Mortality Among Dialysis Patients: Comparison With the General Population in Japan

Despite significant therapeutic advances, mortality of dialysis patients remains unacceptably high. The aim of this study is to compare mortality and its causes in dialysis patients with those in the general Japanese population. We used data for 2008 and 2009 from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy registry and a national Vital Statistics survey. Cardiovascular mortality was defined as death attributed to heart failure, cerebrovascular disorders, myocardial infarction, hyperkalemia/sudden death, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Non‐cardiovascular mortality was defined as death attributed to infection, malignancies, cachexia/uremia, chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis, ileus, bleeding, suicide/refusal of treatment, and miscellaneous. We calculated standardized mortality ratios and age‐adjusted mortality differences between dialysis patients and the general population for all‐cause, cardiovascular versus non‐cardiovascular, and cause‐specific mortality. During the 2‐year study period, there were 2 284 272 and 51 432 deaths out of 126 million people and 273 237 dialysis patients, respectively. The standardized mortality ratio for all‐cause mortality was 4.6 (95% confidence interval, 4.6–4.7) for the dialysis patients compared to the general population. Age‐adjusted mortality differences for cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular disease were 33.1 and 30.0 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. The standardized mortality rate ratios were significant for all cause‐specific mortality rates except accidental death. Our study revealed that excess mortality in dialysis patients compared to the general population in Japan is large, and differs according to age and cause of death. Cause‐specific mortality studies should be planned to improve life expectancies of dialysis patients.     

心力衰竭病人焦虑抑郁调查研究

目的:获得症状性心力衰竭(心衰)病人的焦虑、抑郁流行情况和相关的有效数据。方法:选择心衰病人112例。并发放焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),同时收集病人多项基本资料。用SPSS10.0软件分析病人各项情况与焦虑、抑郁自评量表得分之间的关系。结果:112例心衰病人中有20.5%的病人存在明显焦虑,有30.4%的病人存在明显抑郁。性别、心功能分级、有无心血管病家族史以及血型可以影响病人焦虑、抑郁量表得分,病人的焦虑、抑郁程度可以影响住院时间长短,体液因子C反应蛋白、高敏C反应蛋白及氨基酸末端脑钠素前体水平与焦虑、抑郁量表得分明显相关。结论:心衰病人中存在较高的焦虑、抑郁,心血管病人焦虑、抑郁情况值得临床医师重视。     

Comparison of Paricalcitol and Calcitriol in Dialysis Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

Paricalcitol and calcitriol are widely used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of paricalcitol and calcitriol for secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the efficacy of paricalcitol and calcitriol for secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients are included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta‐analysis was carried out using the random‐effect model. Six randomized controlled trials are included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, compared with calcitriol treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients, paricalcitol treatment has comparable ≥50% reduction of parathyroid hormone (risk ratio [RR] = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.93–1.91; P = 0.12), calcium concentration (standard mean difference [Std. MD] = ?0.21; 95% CI = ?0.94 to 0.52; P = 0.58), phosphate concentration (Std. MD = ?0.17; 95% CI = ?0.58 to 0.24; P = 0.42), calcium phosphate (Std. MD = ?0.08; 95% CI = ?0.49–0.34; P = 0.71), alkaline phosphatase (Std. MD = ?0.21; 95% CI = ?0.73–0.31; P = 0.43), hypercalcemia (RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.51 to 3.98; P = 0.49), adverse events (RR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.42–1.49; P = 0.47), and serious adverse events (RR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.47–1.30; P = 0.33). Paricalcitol and calcitriol result in similar ≥50% reduction of parathyroid hormone, calcium concentration, phosphate concentration, calcium phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, hypercalcemia, adverse events, and serious adverse events for secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients.