人和大鼠肝组织中连环蛋白的表达及其相关性研究

目的　探讨连环蛋白在人和大鼠正常肝和肝癌组织中的表达及其相关性,为指导临床研究提供新依据。方法　采用Walker256肝癌细胞和Wistar大鼠制作肝癌模型;用免疫组织化学S- P法检测正常人肝组织、正常大鼠肝组织、人肝癌组织和大鼠肝癌组织中上皮钙黏蛋白(E -cadherin,E -cad)、α- ,β- ,γ- 和p120ctn连环蛋白的表达情况。同时对大鼠和肝癌患者血清中以及正常肝细胞、BEL 7404人肝癌细胞培养液中可溶性E cad含量进行了检测。结果　在正常人和大鼠肝组织中,E -cad、α- ,β- ,γ- 和p120ctn连环蛋白均表达于细胞膜下的细胞与细胞连接处,而在两种肝癌组织中它们的表达发生了变化,表现为膜表达减弱或消失,胞质表达增强,β- 和p120ctn连环蛋白出现了向核内转位的趋势。人肝癌患者和肝癌大鼠血清中可溶性E -cad含量升高,与对照组相比较差异有显著性(P<0 .05)。肝癌细胞培养液中的可溶性E cad含量比正常肝细胞的高,但差别无显著性(P>0 .05)。结论　连环蛋白在人和大鼠肝组织中的表达是一致的,它们的病理变化相似,因此可借助大鼠肝癌模型而对E -cad和连环蛋白与肝癌的关系进行研究。肝癌发生后血清可溶性E- cad升高的机制可能与癌组织中的蛋白酶对其的水解作用有关,因此可以作为一项新的诊断指标。而肝细胞     

E-钙黏蛋白、β-连环蛋白和Podoplanin在人胃腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨E-钙黏蛋白（E—cadhefin）及β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）在人胃腺癌中的表达和在淋巴道转移中的作用。方法：取60例胃腺癌组织样本和30例正常组织,应用免疫组织化学方法观察E—Cad和β-Cat在人胃腺癌组织中的表达,应用Podoplanin标记淋巴管,检测胃腺癌组织中的微淋巴管密度（MLVD）。结果：60例胃腺癌组织中,E—Cad和β—Cat的表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期具有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。E—cad的表达与肿瘤直径、浸润深度具有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而β-Cat的异常在这两组中无明显差异（P〉0．05）。Podoplanin只表达淋巴管,癌组织中的LMVD高于正常胃组织（P〈0．01）,癌周边缘区的LMVD高于肿瘤中心组织（P〈0．01）。LMVD的表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期具有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：E—Cad和β—Cat异常表达在胃腺癌进展中起重要作用,在淋巴转移过程中使肿瘤细胞进入淋巴导管起了一定促进作用。     

胃腺癌中PAR-2、β-catenin和COX-2的表达及其意义

目的 探讨人类蛋白酶激活受体-2(protease-activated receptor-2,PAR-2)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)与COX-2在胃腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理因素和预后的相关性及意义.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测63例胃腺癌组织、19例低级别上皮内瘤变、20例正常胃组织中PAR-2、β-catenin与COX-2的表达情况.结果 PAR-2、COX-2在胃腺癌组织中的阳性表达率较在低级别上皮内瘤变组织、正常胃组织中分别升高(P<0.05),β-catenin在胃腺癌组织中的异常表达率较在低级别上皮内瘤变组织、正常胃黏膜组织中升高(P<0.05).PAR-2在胃腺癌组织中的阳性表达与胃腺癌的浸润深度相关(P<0.05);β-catenin在胃腺癌组织中的异常表达与胃腺癌的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床病理分期相关(P<0.05);COX-2在胃腺癌组织中的阳性表达与胃腺癌的浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床病理分期相关(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示:PAR-2、COX-2阳性表达与阴性表达组患者的5年生存期的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),β-catenin异常表达与正常表达组患者的5年生存期的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PAR-2参与胃腺癌的进展且可作为判断预后的一项指标;β-catenin的异常表达和COX-2的阳性表达与胃腺癌的发生、发展密切相关,且可作为判断预后的重要指标.     

肺腺癌中PDGF-B、PDGFR-α的表达及意义

目的　探讨血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)及其受体(PDGFR)与肺腺癌发生、发展的关系。方法　采用免疫组化 LSAB法检测PDGF B、PDGFR α在30例肺腺癌原发灶和12例正常支气管黏膜中的表达。结果　PDGF- B主要在肺腺癌细胞 质和(或)细胞核表达,PDGFR -α主要在肺腺癌细胞质表达,少数在细胞核表达;二者均在肺腺癌细胞过度表达(P<0.05),偶 见间质巨噬细胞淡染;PDGFR- α阳性表达率在肺腺癌高分化组明显高于低分化组(P<0.05)。结论　PDGF B/PDGFR- α自 分泌刺激环在肺腺癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用,PDGFR- α阳性表达与肺腺癌分化程度呈正相关。     

E钙粘蛋白/catenin复合体在人非小细胞肺癌细胞系中的表达

目的 探讨E钙粘蛋白／catenin粘附系统在人非小细胞肺癌细胞系中的表达。方法 采用免疫组织化学和RT－PCR两种方法分别从蛋白及mRNA两个水平分析E钙粘蛋白、α－catenin,β-catenin在7种非小细胞肺癌细胞系中的表达情况。结果 每个细胞系至少出现1个、两个或多个E钙粘蛋白／catenin复合体成分的表达异常。结论 E钙粘蛋白、α-catenin和β－Catenin的蛋白及mRNA异常表达与人非小细胞肺癌有关。     

CK7、CK20联合肠道源性标志物检测在肺肠型腺癌和转移性结直肠腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的检测肺肠型腺癌(pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma,PEAC)和肺转移性结直肠腺癌(pulmonary metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma,PMCA)中CK7、CK20和肠道源性标志物(CDX2、SATB2、CDH17、β-catenin)的表达,探讨其在两者鉴别诊断中的价值。方法应用免疫组化EnVision法检测11例PEAC和22例PMCA中CK7、CK20、CDX2、SATB2、CDH17和β-catenin的表达,分析其在两者鉴别诊断中的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果CK7在PEAC中的表达高于PMCA,CK20、CDX2、SATB2、CDH17和β-catenin在PMCA中的表达均明显高于PEAC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SATB2和β-catenin的表达对PEAC与PMCA的鉴别诊断,具有较高的特异性和阳性预测值(100%)。CK7^-/CK20^+联合肠道源性标志物对PEAC和PMCA的鉴别诊断,均有较高的特异性和阳性预测值(100%)。结论SATB2或β-catenin是鉴别PEAC与PMCA高度特异性的免疫组化标志物,联合CK7和CK20可以提高PEAC病理诊断的准确性。     

Wnt信号通路成员蛋白NKD1、β-catenin和Cyclin D1在结直肠腺癌中的表达及意义

目的观察NKD1、β-catenin和Cyclin D1蛋白在结直肠正常黏膜、腺瘤和腺癌组织中的表达,探讨NKD1、β-catenin和Cyclin D1在结直肠正常黏膜-腺瘤-腺癌这一癌变过程中的表达变化及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测38例结直肠正常黏膜、70例腺瘤、128例腺癌组织中NKD1、β-catenin和Cyclin D1蛋白的表达。结果 NKD1在结直肠正常黏膜、腺瘤、腺癌组织中的阳性率依次降低(P0.05),其在轻度异型增生腺瘤组织中的阳性率高于重度异型增生腺瘤组织(P0.05);β-catenin异位表达率与Cyclin D1阳性率在结直肠正常黏膜、腺瘤、腺癌组织中均依次升高(P0.01),且Cyclin D1在重度异型增生腺瘤组织中的阳性率高于中度及轻度异型增生腺瘤(P0.05)。NKD1、β-catenin、Cyclin D1在结直肠腺癌组织中的表达均与癌分化程度、Duke分期、淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。在结直肠腺癌组织中NKD1的阳性率和β-catenin异位表达率呈负相关(r_s=-0.645,P0.01)。在结直肠腺癌组织中β-catenin异位表达率和Cyclin D1阳性率呈正相关(r_s=0.618,P0.01)。结论 NKD1、β-catenin、Cyclin D1三者可能参与结直肠肿瘤的发生、发展,有望成为评价结直肠腺癌恶性程度及预后的指标。     

早期自然流产患者母胎界面E-钙黏素与β-连环素的异常表达

目的探讨早期自然流产患者绒毛和蜕膜组织E-钙黏素（E—cadherin）与β-连环素（β-catenin）的异常表达。方法采用免疫组化sP法和显微图像分析系统，检测20例早期自然流产（自然流产组）及24例正常早期人工流产（正常妊娠组）绒毛和蜕膜组织内E—cadherin、β-catenin表达的平均光度及积分光度。结果E—cadherin、β-catenin．在自然流产组和正常妊娠组绒毛与蜕膜组织中均有表达。自然流产组绒毛细胞滋养细胞和蜕膜细胞表面E—cadherin、β-catenin表达平均光度及积分光度均明显高于正常妊娠组，P〈0．001，差异有统计学意义。结论E—cadherin及β-catenin对妊娠维持起一定的作用。蜕膜及绒毛组织E—cadherin与β-catenin的高表达可能是导致早期自然流产的原因之一。     

CircRNA_23113抑制肺腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移

目的探究circRNA₂3113在肺腺癌中的表达及对肺腺癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响。方法通过高通量测序技术测序5例临床肺腺癌、癌旁组织标本,筛选出差异性表达的circRNA₂3113。实时荧光定量PCR检测肺腺癌组织、血清和细胞中circRNA₂3113的表达;构建circRNA₂3113的过表达质粒,用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、细胞划痕和Transwell小室法分析其对细胞增殖和迁移的影响;用Western blot检测β-catenin、cyclin D1以及c-myc蛋白水平的表达。结果 CircRNA₂3113在肺腺癌患者组织、血清和细胞中显著低表达（P<0.05）;过表达circRNA₂3113后抑制A549和H1299细胞增殖和迁移（P<0.05）;CircRNA₂3113抑制β-catenin、cyclin D1以及c-myc表达（P<0.05）。结论 CircRNA₂3113在肺腺...     

E-钙粘蛋白在子宫腺肌病组织中的表达

目的　检查E 钙粘蛋白 (E cadherin ,E cad)在子宫腺肌病病灶中的分布及其mRNA的表达 ,以探讨其在子宫腺肌病发病机制中的作用。方法　采用免疫组化二步法和原位杂交技术 ,检查E -cad在子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达及其mRNA的转录水平 ,并以正常子宫内膜作对照。采用图像分析技术检测E -cad及其mRNA表达的平均光密度值。结果　免疫组化显示 ,在正常的内膜中E -cad主要表达在腺上皮细胞的细胞膜 ,以侧面膜为主 ;在腺肌病病灶的表达明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。原位杂交显示 ,在腺肌病病灶和正常内膜中 ,E -cad的mRNA均表达于腺上皮细胞的胞浆 ,但在后者中的表达强度明显高于前者 ,其平均光密度值有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　E 钙粘蛋白在腺肌病病灶中低表达及其mRNA的低转录水平是子宫腺肌病发病机制中的一个较重要的因素。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。