微波消融与手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移临床疗效的meta分析

【摘要】 目的 比较MWA和肝切除术（HR）治疗结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）患者的临床疗效。方法 利用计算机辅以人工检索维普、万方、中国知网、Embase、Cochrane library、Pubmed等有关数据库中关于MWA与HR治疗CRLM患者疗效的临床对照研究,检索日期为2000年1月1日至2020年9月5日。由2名评估人员独立的筛选文献,提取资料并进行质量评价,利用RevMan 5.3软件做出meta分析。结果 最终纳入13篇文献,其中回顾性队列研究8篇,病例对照研究3篇,随机对照研究2篇。共计1 470例患者包括MWA组662例,HR组808例。meta分析表明,MWA组与HR组的1年（OR=1.09,95%CI=0.69～1.73）、2年（OR=1.04,95%CI=0.72～1.52）、3年（OR=1.07,95%CI=0.83～1.38）、5年（OR=0.78,95%CI=0.57～1.05）生存率及1年（OR=0.66,95%CI=0.41～1.07）、3年（OR=0.87,95%CI=0.61～1.25）、5年（OR=0.77,95%CI=0.47～1.26）无瘤生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;与HR组患者相比,MWA组患者的住院治疗时间短且治疗费用低,严重临床并发症发生率低,两组差异有统计学意义（均P≤0.05）。结论 MWA与HR治疗CRLM患者疗效相仿,且MWA可缩短住院时间、降低治疗费用、减少严重并发症的出现,但未来仍需大规模、前瞻性、多中心试验进一步证实。     

Portal vein embolisation prior to hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases and the effects of periprocedure chemotherapy

Portal vein embolisation (PVE) is an effective method of increasing future liver remnant (FLR) but may stimulate tumour growth. The effect of periprocedure chemotherapy has not been established. 15 consecutive patients underwent PVE prior to hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases with a FLR <30% of tumour-free liver (TFL). Liver and tumour volumes pre-PVE and 6 weeks post-PVE were calculated by CT or MRI volumetry and correlated with the periprocedure chemotherapy regimen. PVE increased the FLR from 18+/-5% of TFL to 27+/-8% post-PVE (p<0.01). Post-PVE chemotherapy did not prevent hypertrophy of the FLR but the volume increase with chemotherapy (median 89 ml, range 7-149 ml) was significantly reduced (median 135 ml, range 110-254 ml without chemotherapy) (p = 0.016). Tumour volume (TV) decreased in those receiving post-PVE chemotherapy (median TV decrease 8 ml, range -77 ml to +450 ml) and increased without chemotherapy (median TV increase 39 ml, range -58 ml to +239 ml). Of the 15 patients, eight underwent resection; four were not resected due to disease progression and three due to insufficient hypertrophy of the FLR. PVE increased the FLR by an average of 9% allowing resection in 50% of patients. Periprocedure chemotherapy did not prevent but did reduce hypertrophy. A trend towards tumour regression was observed.     

Does resection of small liver metastases from colorectal cancer improve survival of patients?

Because the size of metastases greatly affects their detection, we retrospectively investigated the influence of the size of liver metastases on survival after hepatic surgery. The subject group study consisted of 77 patients who underwent liver surgery for metastases from colorectal cancer. The survival rate after hepatic surgery was analysed using multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model with the following variables: (1) size of dominant metastases (Small: < 3 cm; Medium: > or = 3 cm and < 6 cm; Large: > or = 6 cm); (2) synchronous versus metachronous resection; (3) solitary versus multiple metastases. The size of dominant metastases (p = 0.035) and synchronous versus metachronous resection (p = 0.0009) were independently associated with survival after liver resection. No association was found, however, for solitary versus multiple metastases. The survival of the Large group was much poorer than that of the Small group (p = 0.0168) and that of the Medium group (p = 0.0205), with statistically significant differences. No statistically significant difference was seen between the Small and the Medium groups (p = 0.7963). This study showed that long-term survival following resection of metastases was much poorer when metastases were 6 cm or greater in diameter. With regard to metastases less than 6 cm in diameter, resection of the smallest of these (less than 3 cm) did not appear to improve survival.     

Portal scanning for liver metastases in colorectal carcinoma

In a prospective study over 2 years, 14 patients suffering from colorectal cancer had radionuclide liver scans performed via the portal route. Technetium-99m-labelled macro-aggregates of human serum albumen were injected via the cannulated umbilical vein, distributed through the portal system of the liver and their presence recorded by a gamma camera. Of 11 patients with clinically normal livers and no metastases found at laparotomy, five had abnormal portal scans, two of these dying from multiple liver metastases during follow-up. None of the patients with normal portal scans died with liver metastases within the 2-year study period.     

结直肠癌同时肝转移运用快速康复理念同期切除的效果

目的 结直肠癌同时肝转移患者行同期切除围术期采用快速康复理念的临床效果.方法将 2010-01至2016-12北京大学肿瘤医院共76例同期行原发灶切除与肝切除患者随机分为快速康复外科(Enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)组和传统康复组,每组38例,分别实施快速康复理念及常规康复理念.观察两组间首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及再次入院率之间的差异.结果 术后首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间及住院时间,ERAS组分别为(3.12±1.03)d、(5.63±1.37)d、(9.20±1.36)d,传统康复组分别为(4.67±1.57)d、(7.87±1.62)d、(11.36±1.74)d,ERAS组各项天数短于传统康复组,差异有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05);而并发症总发病率、再次入院率,ERAS组分别为4(10.5％)、3(7.9％),传统康复组分别为3(7.9％)、2(5.3％),两组比较无明显增加(P＞0.05).结论 快速康复理念应用于结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期切除围手术期康复具有良好的临床效果,值得推广应用.     

Increased metabolic activity of indolent liver metastases after resection of a primary colorectal tumor.

In murine models, resection of a primary tumor leads to increased vascularization and accelerated growth of metastases that previously had remained microscopic. To study such a potentially inhibitory effect of primary tumors on the outgrowth of distant metastases in humans, we assessed the metabolic activity of liver metastases by 18F-FDG PET before and after resection of primary colorectal tumors. METHODS: Group A consisted of 8 patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases who were scheduled for resection of their primary tumor. These patients underwent an (18)F-FDG PET scan shortly before resection and 2-3 wk after resection of the primary tumor. The patients in a control group (group B, n = 9) underwent an 18F-FDG PET scan at the time of diagnosis of the liver metastases and a second scan several weeks later, before initiating treatment. There was no surgical intervention between the two 18F-FDG PET scans in this group. RESULTS: In group A, the maximum and mean standardized uptake values of the liver metastases clearly increased after resection of the primary tumor, by 38% +/- 55% and 42% +/- 52%, respectively, as compared with the first 18F-FDG PET scan. In group B, the maximum and mean standardized uptake values of the second 18F-FDG PET scan were not significantly higher than those of the first 18F-FDG PET scan; -11% +/- 23% and 1% +/- 29%, respectively. The difference in standardized uptake value increase between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data cannot differentiate between the immunologic sequels caused by the surgical trauma itself and those caused by removal of the primary tumor. The observation itself, however, of increased metabolic activity after surgical resection of the primary tumor may have direct clinical applications and suggests the administration of antiangiogenic therapy after surgery of the primary tumor.     

Subtraction-multiphase-CT unbeneficial for early detection of colorectal liver metastases

Purpose

To assess the value of multiphase-subtraction-CT for early detection of colorectal-liver-metastases (CRLM).

Methods and materials

In 50 patients suspected of CRLM a routine pre-operative 4-phase-CT-scan of the upper abdomen was obtained. All 12 possible image subtractions between two different phases were constructed applying 3D-image-registration to decrease distortion artefacts induced by differences in inspiration volume. Two experienced radiologists initially reviewed the conventional 4-phase-CT for malignant and/or benign appearing lesions and at least 1-month hereafter the same 4-phase-CT now including the subtracted images. The results were compared to histology reports or to a combination of surgical exploration and intraoperative ultrasound together with results from pre-operative PET and follow-up examinations.

Results

Although an additional number of 31 malignant appearing lesions were detected on the subtraction images, none proved to represent a true CRLM. Interobserver agreement (κ) decreased from 0.627 (good) to 0.418 (fair).

Conclusion

Adding linearly co-registered subtraction-CT images to a conventional 4-phase-CT protocol does not improve detection of CRLM.     

Non-invasive diagnostic imaging of colorectal liver metastases

Colorectal cancer is one of the few malignant tumors in which synchronous or metachronous liver metastases [colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs)] may be treated with surgery. It has been demonstrated that resection of CRLMs improves the long-term prognosis. On the other hand, patients with un-resectable CRLMs may benefit from chemotherapy alone or in addition to liver-directed therapies. The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic management of CRLMs depends mostly on the diagnostic imaging. Nowadays, multiple non-invasive imaging modalities are available and those have a pivotal role in the workup of patients with CRLMs. Although extensive research has been performed with regards to the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance for the detection of CRLMs, the optimal imaging strategies for staging and follow up are still to be established. This largely due to the progressive technological and pharmacological advances which are constantly improving the accuracy of each imaging modality. This review describes the non-invasive imaging approaches of CRLMs reporting the technical features, the clinical indications, the advantages and the potential limitations of each modality, as well as including some information on the development of new imaging modalities, the role of new contrast media and the feasibility of using parametric image analysis as diagnostic marker of presence of CRLMs.     

结直肠肝转移瘤的经皮立体定向射频消融术

目的评价立体定向射频消融(SRFA)治疗结直肠肝转移瘤(CRLM)的疗效。方法经伦理委员会批准,回顾性评估连续的63例病人189个CRLM的98次射频消融治疗过程。分析局部复发率(LR)、总体生存期(OS)和无病生存期(DFS)。结果LR见于16%(31/189)的肿瘤,瘤体直径为<3cm     

Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases

Objectives  

To evaluate the outcome of patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) treated with stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA).     

Intra-arterial treatment of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma is a major public health concern with its yearly mondial incidence of about one million cases and yearly mortality of 500,000 cases. The liver is the organ most frequently affected by metastases with a frequency of 40 to 60% (contemporaneous in 25% of cases). While surgical resection is the only curative therapy, many patients are not such candidates due to the infiltrative nature of the liver metastases. Systemic chemotherapy and biotherapy regimens are the conventional treatment options for patients with multiple liver metastases. Under such circumstances, intra-arterial therapy may play a major role. We will review the main types of endovascular therapies for liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma including indications, results and potential complications.     

Additional value of contrast enhanced intraoperative ultrasound for colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND: Substantial recurrence rates following partial liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRM) imply that small metastases remain undetected using intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional value of contrast enhanced IOUS (CE-IOUS) when compared to preoperative contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and IOUS in liver surgery for CRM. METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, 39 consecutive patients with CRM were included prospectively for evaluation. The study population consisted of 26 male and 13 female patients with a median (range) age of 62 (49-83) years. A lesion-per-lesion analysis was performed with histopathological examination as the reference standard after resection and follow-up for unresected lesions. The added value of CE-IOUS in correctly diagnosing malignant lesions was statistically evaluated, using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: A total of 234 lesions were identified, 137 of which were malignant, according to the reference standard. The addition of CE-IOUS did not improve the diagnostic accuracy when compared to the combination of CE-CT and IOUS (P=0.617). In one of two patients with newly detected lesions on CE-IOUS the extent of resection changed. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of CE-IOUS to preoperative CE-CT and IOUS does not improve the ability to characterize already detected lesions. In a small number of patients it appears to facilitate the detection of new metastatic lesions with implications on surgical strategy.     

18F-FDG PET scanning correlates with tissue markers of poor prognosis and predicts mortality for patients after liver resection for colorectal metastases.

(18)F-FDG PET has proven invaluable in the staging of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this biologic scan would correlate with other cellular characteristics and the clinical behavior of tumors. METHODS: Ninety patients with resectable colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver underwent (18)F-FDG PET before hepatectomy. At surgery, tumors were harvested and prepared for assessment by histology and immunohistochemistry. Expression of Ki67 (a marker for cell proliferation), GLUT1 and GLUT3 (markers for glucose transportation), p53 and p27 (markers for cell cycle control), and BCL-2 (a marker for apoptosis) was assessed by a pathologist who was unaware of the PET results and the clinical outcome. Patients were followed to determine outcome. Survival analysis was performed comparing patient outcome in groups segregated according to standardized uptake values (SUVs) greater or less than 5, 7, or 10. RESULTS: Maximum SUV correlated with GLUT1 (P=0.03), Ki67 (P=0.026), and p53 (P=0.024) but did not correlate with p27, BCL-2, or GLUT3. Survival was significantly longer for patients with a low SUV than for patients with a high SUV, with P values of 0.014, 0.025, and 0.0095 for SUV cutoffs of 5, 7, and 10, respectively. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET is a biologic scan that predicts prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. It is uncertain if this ability is due to cellular glucose metabolism or to a correlation with other cellular characteristics of aggressive tumors.     

改良单孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术安全性与可行性分析

目的探讨改良单孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床安全性及可行性。方法选取自2014年3月至2017年4月郴州市第一人民医院收治的92例接受直肠癌根治术患者为研究对象。将所有92例患者随机均分A组和B组,每组各46例。A组行传统单孔腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗,B组行改良单孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗,比较两组患者的手术及术后基本情况、并发症发生率及术后满意度等相关指标,评估两种术式的安全性及可行性。结果两组患者手术切口长度、清扫的淋巴结个数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者手术时间、术中出血量均明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后首次排便时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组住院时间、肠胃功能恢复时间、早期活动时间均显著短于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组术后并发症的发生率为10.9%(5/46),显著低于A组的23.9%(11/46),两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组术后总满意度为97.8%(45/46),显著高于A组的91.3%(42/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良单孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统单孔腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗效果相似,但改良单孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可降低患者术后并发症的发生率,患者术后恢复快,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤二程放疗疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤接受二程放疗的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性收集2017—2023年于北京大学肿瘤医院接受二程放疗的28例不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者的资料,分析二程放疗的可行性。结果 28例患者二程放疗后中位随访时间为20.2个月。二程放疗距首程放疗的中位时间为11.1个月。首程放疗和二程放疗的中位生物有效剂量(BED)分别为100和96 Gy,分别有25例(89.3%)和24例(85.7%)患者接受了体部立体定向放射治疗。首程放疗和二程放疗的正常肝脏平均受量的2 Gy分次的等效剂量(EQD2)分别为10.1和 7.9 Gy。二程放疗后的完全缓解率和部分缓解率分别为54.5%和18.2%,客观反应率为72.7%。二程放疗后基于患者的2年的累积局部失败率为17.0%,基于病灶的2年的累积局部失败率为15.1%,1年无进展生存(PFS)为27.4%,3年总生存(OS)为46.7%。二程放疗后患者的耐受性良好,大部分患者(75.0%)出现1~2级急性不良反应,只有1例(3.6%)患者出现3级急性不良反应。结论 对于不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者,二程放疗安全有效。     

Radio-frequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases in 167 patients

The objective of this paper is to report our results from a prospective study of 167 patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with radio-frequency ablation (RFA). Three hundred fifty-four treatments were performed in 167 patients, 99 males, mean age 57 years (34–87). The mean number of metastases was 4.1 (1–27). The mean maximum diameter was 3.9 cm (1–12). Fifty-one (31%) had stable/treated extra-hepatic disease. Treatments were performed under general anaesthesia using US and CT guidance and single or cluster water-cooled electrodes (Valleylab, Boulder, CO). All patients had been rejected for or had refused surgical resection. Eighty percent received chemotherapy. Survival data were stratified by tumour burden at the time of first RFA. The mean number of RFA treatments was 2.1 (1–7). During a mean follow-up of 17 months (0–89), 72 developed new liver metastases and 71 developed progressive extra-hepatic disease. There were 14/354 (4%) major local complications and 22/354 (6%) minor local complications. For patients with 5 metastases, maximum diameter 5 cm and no extra-hepatic disease, the 5-year survival from the time of diagnosis was 30% and from the time of first thermal ablation was 26%. Given that the 5-year survival for operable patients is a median of 32%, our 5-year survival of 30% is promising.     

Radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases: long-term survival

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy with regard to long-term survival and rate of complications in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 102 patients were included and treated with RFA. In 100 patients, resection was not possible; two patients refused surgery. The patients had a total of 332 colorectal liver metastases. Pre- and post-treatment evaluation was performed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Survival from time of diagnosis of liver metastases was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Complications were recorded as minor or major in accordance with the definitions of the Society for Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. RESULTS: Estimated median survival from time of diagnosis of liver metastases was 52 months (95% CI 34-82). Estimated 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival was 96%, 79%, 64%, 52%, and 44%, respectively. Minor complications were recorded following seven RFA treatments (4.0%) and major complications following 12 RFA treatments (6.9%). CONCLUSION: RFA is an effective method to treat liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Survival is improved and comparable with survival following surgical resection. The rate of complications is low.     

大肠癌肝转移介入治疗的临床研究

目的：评价介入治疗大肠癌肝转移的疗效和影响疗效的因素。方法：对80例大肠癌肝转移介入治疗后得到随访患者的生存期和预后因素进行统计分析。结果：0．5,1,2和3年累积生存率分别为100％,75．8％,31．5％和10．8％。单因素分析显示,有意义的预后因素是患者年龄、肿瘤占据率（与全肝比值）、病灶血供丰富与否和碘油沉积情况、原发病灶是否切除以及治疗后病灶大小差别;多因素分析为病灶血供情况和治疗后病灶大小差别。结论：经肝动脉介入治疗是大肠癌肝转移的有效治疗方法。血供较丰富的转移性肿瘤和原发病灶切除是决定疗效的关键。