骨髓间充质干细胞治疗多器官功能不全综合征机制的探讨

多器官功能不全综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)是当今外科急危重患者死亡的主要原因之一,随着人们对MODS认识的不断深化,越来越多的研究证明其发病与细胞凋亡和坏死有关.而近年来骨髓问充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)作为种子细胞在修复领域已运用到多种疾病的治疗研究上,并显示出初步疗效,通过对MSC进入循环后在体内的分布及分化情况的分析,发现其对MODS的治疗研究可能有重要作用.现对MSC移植治疗MODS的相关机制予以综述.     

多器官功能不全综合征诊断和治疗

我院加强医疗科(ICU)1998年1月～2002年11月，抢救治疗了多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)患者78例，现总结如下。     

肠内早期中药干预治疗多器官功能不全综合征

多器官功能不全综合征 (ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｏｒｇａｎｄｙｓｆｕｎｃ ｔｉｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＭＯＤＳ)是创伤及感染所致最严重的并发症之一。近 2 0年来 ,一直是医学界研究的热点 ,但对其处理的进展步履艰难。我们对 87例ＭＯＤＳ的患者进行早期肠内干预治疗 ,并对留置空肠导管(液囊空肠导管 ,已获国家专利 )的方法进行改进。取得满意效果 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料和方法1 1　病例选择　 1989年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,将 119例行手术治疗的ＭＯＤＳ病人分为两组。肠内干预组(ＥＩ) 87例 ,男 52例 ,女 35例 ;年龄 12～ 89岁 (平均54 3…     

颅脑外伤后多器官功能不全综合征

颅脑外伤后多器官功能不全综合征多发生于重型或特重型颅脑外伤后，是导致颅脑外伤死亡，植物生存或重残的主要原因之一。本文对其病因及发生机理，临床特点，预防和治疗等问题进行了综述。     

全身炎症反应综合征调控与多器官功能不全综合征防治

1991年美国胸科医师和危重病医学联席会议明确全身炎症反应综合征 (systemicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome ,SIRS)和多器官功能不全综合征 (multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome ,MODS)的概念[1] ,炎症反应学说成为MODS的基石。机体炎症反应的转归取决于促炎—抗炎反应平衡 ,任何一方的过度优势均可以损害机体 ,成为MODS的基础。早期干预SIRS ,积极防治MODS ,是降低危重病患者病死率的重要手段。一、积极治疗原发病严重创伤、休克、感染、复苏延迟、大量坏死组织存留均为SIRS诱发因素 ,与MODS的发生、发展密不可分 ,因此原发病的…     

创伤后多器官功能不全综合征与细胞凋亡

回顾近年来创伤领域的细胞凋亡研究,探讨细胞凋亡在创伤后多器官功能不全综合征发生和发展中的可能作用、机制及意义。     

重型颅脑损伤并发多器官功能不全综合征的临床分析

多器官功能不全综合征（MODS）为重型颅脑损伤最严重的并发症之一，我们对近１０年来的２７例重型颅脑损伤并发MODS病例进行回顾性分析，现报告如下：临床资料１．一般资料：２７例重型颅脑损伤并发MODS中，男１８例，女９例，年龄６～７５岁，平均年龄（４８．５±５．５）岁。其格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）均≤８分，其中GCS３～５分１６例，６～８分１１例。受伤原因：坠落跌倒伤１６例，交通伤８例，其他３例。颅脑损伤情况：硬膜外血肿２例，硬膜下血肿、脑挫裂伤１２例，脑挫裂伤、颅内血肿８例，脑内多发血肿伴脑肿胀３例，原发…     

如何评估多发性器官功能不全综合征

多多性器官功能不全综合征的评分系统多达２０个，评定标准判别很大，不利于各救治组研究结果的评比，其中不少评定器官功能不全的变数还缺乏器官特异性，需要建立一个公识的单一评分系统。     

临床上对全身炎症反应综合征和多器官功能不全综合征容易引起的误解

严重感染如不及时予以控制 ,必将出现多器官功能衰竭(multipleorganfailure ,MOF) ,后者是外科重危病人中一个主要死亡原因 ,也是当今重症监护室所遇到的重大问题 ,它的发生与创伤、休克、持续超高代谢、再灌注损伤、内毒素症或脓毒症等有关。在外科急症手术后MOF的发生率约为 7%～ 2 2 % ,在腹腔严重感染手术后则可达 3 0 %～ 5 0 % ,病死率为 3 0 %～60 %。 1985年 ,Goris提出脓毒症或感染不一定是MOF的主要原因 ,可能与炎性介质大量激发导致的全身性损害有关。 1991年美国胸外科医师学会和危重病医学协会 (ACCP/SCCM )推荐使用多…     

创伤性膈疝并发多器官功能障碍的诊治

目的　探讨急性创伤性膈疝的发病机理 ,临床特征和处理方式。方法　回顾性分析2 6例急性创伤性膈疝的临床资料。结果　患者均为多发伤 ,有不同程度的呼吸困难 ,均行手术探查 ,膈肌修补。 2例术中死亡。 14例术后出现多器官功能障碍 ,其中 3例术后死于多器官衰竭。本组 2 1例存活。结论　外伤性膈疝早期诊断 ,及时手术 ,防治并发症可提高抢救成功率。     

多器官功能障碍综合征病人预后分析

目的研究多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）病人发生血小板缺乏的危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法对5家教学医院加强医疗病房（ICU）中1年内收治的366例MODS病人进行回顾性分析。记录病人的人口统计学资料、临床信息、急性生理和慢性健康评分（APACHEⅡ）及序贯性器官衰竭评分（SOFA）。主要研究终点为住院病死率。结果住院期间共有151例病人死亡（41．3％）。血小板缺乏[P=0．022，OR（比数比）=2．143，可信限（95％CI）1．114～4．121]，神经系统衰竭（P〈0．01，OR=6．033，95％CI3．164～11．506）和最高SOFA评分（P〈0．01，OR=1．215，95％CI1．112～1．328），是预后的独立危险因素。共有220例MODS病人（60．1％）发生血小板缺乏。ICU住院时间（P=0．023，OR=1．017，95％CI1．002～1．032）和最高SOFA评分（P〈0．01，OR：1．271，95％CI1．187～1．361）是发生血小板缺乏的独立危险因素，而最高SOFA评分（P〈0．01，OR=1．405，95％CI1．276～1．548）和继发性血小板缺乏（P〈0．01，OR=3．517，95％CI1．780～6．951）是伴有血小板缺乏的MODS病人死亡的独立危险因素。结论血小板缺乏在MODS病人中非常普遍，并导致住院病死率升高.     

Clinical characterization of acute renal failure in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Background Acute renal failure frequently occurs as a complication of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Various forms of therapy for MODS, including endotoxin absorption and anticytokine therapy, have been attempted. Methods We retrospectively studied the pathophysiologic characteristics of acute renal failure in 152 MODS patients examined in our department over the past 5 years. The diagnosis of MODS was based on the criteria of the Japanese Association for Critical Care Medicine. The diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis was conducted in accordance with the definition proposed at the 1992 Consensus Conference of the American College of Chest Physicians/ Society of Critical Care Medicine. Results Acute renal failure occurred as a complication of secondary MODS with a high frequency of 76.3% (116/152 patients). Significant associations have been found between the respective frequencies of acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation occurring as complications of SIRS. An increase in the number of cases undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration was noted, in an attempt to improve the survival rate of MODS complicated with acute renal failure. Conclusion Acute renal failure seen in secondary MODS is thought to be derived from a pathogenesis differing from that of conventional intrinsic acute renal failure, such as ischemic and nephrotoxic forms. Acute renal failure associated with secondary MODS appears to be a disease entity that arises as a sequela of SIRS, similar to disseminated intravascular coagulation.     

Cardiac failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a patient with endocrine adenomatosis

In this case report, we present the successful therapy of severe cardiac failure in pituitary adrenal insufficiency. A previously healthy 56-year-old-man in pituitary coma due to an atypical variant of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (pituitary adenoma and pheochromocytoma) suffered from cardiac failure resistant to catecholamine and standard hydrocortisone therapy. After two bolus injections of dexamethasone (2 x 24 mg) mean arterial pressure and cardiac function dramatically improved, probably due to restoration of permissive effects on catecholamine action and reversal of pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac failure. We conclude that in patients with severe cardiovascular failure in pituitary coma the administration of potent glucocorticoids may be more effective in reversing cardiovascular failure than standard dosages of hydrocortisone.     

Characteristics and outcomes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome among severe-burn patients

Aim

Determining the characteristics and outcomes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in severe-burn patients.

Method

A prospective study was conducted in 117 severe-burn, adult patients admitted to the National Institute of Burns, Hanoi, Vietnam with burn area ≥40% of the total body surface area. The diagnosis of MODS was based on Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score.

Results

MODS was recorded in 45.3% of the patients. A higher rate of MODS was recorded in patients over 40 years of age (51.61%), those presenting with inhalation injury (60.37%) and having a large burn surface area. MODS was commonly seen in the second week after-burn (75.47%). Respiratory system failure was the most common (44.44%), followed by circulatory system failure (41.88%) and failure of other systems. MODS was more common among patients developing sepsis and septic shock (69.64% and 87.5%, respectively). The mortality rate was 86.79% among MODS patients and higher in case of SOFA score ≥6. In addition, mortality rate was 22.22% if one organ was involved, 40% for two organs, 93.33% for three organs and 100% if four or more organs were involved. The durations of artificial ventilation, hospitalisation and intensive care unit stay were significant higher than in MODS patients as compared to non-MODS patients.

Conclusion

MODS is still a severe complication, leading to death after-burn. It is important to identify the risk factors and prevention methods to increase the chances of saving severely burned patients.     

烧伤后侵袭性感染和多器官功能不全综合征

总结了158例烧伤侵袭性感染与多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)的关系。侵袭性感染导致MODS 有几个特点:①MODS 发病率高,达到81.6%,每例有平均2.73个器官发生功能不全。②MODS发展成 MOF 的发生率也高,约为50%。③MODS 死亡率低,而发展到 MOF 死亡率明显上升,达到90%以上。不同菌种感染中,G~ 菌致器官功能不全(OD)发生率较低,G~-菌致 OD 发生率较高,而绿脓杆菌致OD 发生率最高,后果最严重。对发病机制及防治问题进行了讨论,认为由于发病机理尚未充分了解,针对机制的有效治疗缺乏,因此防治的主要手段仍是去除诱因,即控制侵袭性感染。一旦感染发生,则要保护好各个脏器,使 OD 不致发展成器官衰竭。     

Angiotropic large B-cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as urosepsis with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

A 53-year-old woman with a history of cervical carcinoma 14 years ago, treated with hysterectomy and radiation therapy, was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) progressing to shock, multiple organ failure and death within 5 d. Bilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed by sonography and an enlarged left kidney with suspected abscesses verified in a CT-scan suggested the diagnosis of urosepsis. However, multiple microbiological examinations remained sterile. Despite surgical treatment and aggressive intensive care, she died in unresponsive shock. Pathohistologically, an angiotropic large B-cell lymphoma, a rare diffuse intravascular neoplasm of lymphoid origin, was diagnosed. The patient's history of abdominal radiation therapy 14 years earlier as well as multiple negative microbiological specimens in a patient with suspected urosepsis should have initiated the search for a non-infectious cause of the disease.     

多器官功能障碍综合征诊断标准的多中心临床研究

目的 通过多中心临床研究的方法 制定多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)诊断标准.方法 收集2002年3月至2005年1月国内11个省市、37家三级医院ICU收治的1087例MODS病例的临床资料并进行统计学分析,筛选出反映器官功能并与预后相关的指标,据此制定MODS诊断标准草案.结果 本诊断标准纳入7个器官系统,在有引起MODS的原发病因的前提下,如果2个或者2个以上器官或系统功能达到下述标准,则可诊断为MODS.器官功能障碍与否的判定标准:(1)循环系统:SBP(收缩压)<90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),MAP(平均动脉压)<70 mm Hg,发生休克、窒性心动过速或室颤等严重心律失常、心肌梗死;(2)呼吸系统:氧合指数<300 mm Hg;(3)神经系统:意识出现淡漠或躁动、嗜睡、浅昏迷、深昏迷;Glasgow昏迷评分≤14;(4)血液系统:血PLT(血小板计数)<100×109/L;血CT(凝血时间)、血APTT(活化的凝血酶原时间)、PT(凝血酶原时间)延长或缩短;3P试验阳性;(5)肝脏:血TBIL(总胆红素)>20.5 μmol/L;血ALB(白蛋白)<28 g/L;(6)肾脏:血Cr(肌酐)>123.8μmol/L,尿量<500 ml/24 h;(7)胃肠:肠鸣音减弱或消失,胃引流液、便潜血阳性或出现黑便、呕血,腹内压(膀胱内压)≥11 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa).只要符合某器官中任意一个指标,即可判定该器官功能障碍.结论 通过本研究制定了MODS的诊断标准草案.本诊断标准草案具有一定的实用性,但还需通过临床应用积累经验而加以修正.     

肾移植术后多器官功能障碍综合征的临床危险因素分析

目的　探讨肾移植术后多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)的临床危险因素。　方法　回顾性分析 6 5 0例肾移植手术患者资料 ,采用ACCP与SCCM诊断标准对术后发生全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)和多脏器衰竭的临床危险因素进行 χ2 检验分析。　结果　 6 5 0例中 ,发生SIRS 38例 ,MODS 7例。相关危险因素分析表明 ,MODS组低血压 (71.4 % )、低血氧 (85 .7% )、严重感染(85 .7% )及慢性器官功能衰竭 (2 8.6 % )者与MODS发生密切相关 ,2种以上危险因素同时存在者MODS发生率明显高于 2种及 2种以下因素者 ,而在器官衰竭患者中以肾功能衰竭 (85 .7% )及呼吸衰竭 (71.4 % )发生率最高。　结论　低血压、低血氧、严重感染及慢性器官功能衰竭是术后并发MODS的重要危险因素。     

烧伤后侵袭性感染和多器官功能不全综合征

总结了１５８例烧伤侵袭性感染与多器官功能不全综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）的关系。侵袭性感染导致ＭＯＤＳ有几个特点：①ＭＯＤＳ发病率高，达到８１．６％，每例有平均２．７３个器官发生功能不全。②ＭＯＤＳ发展成ＭＯＦ的发生率也高，约为５０％。③ＭＯＤＳ死亡率低，而发展到ＭＯＦ死亡率明显上升，达到９０％以上。不同菌种感染中，Ｇ＋菌致器官功能不全（ＯＤ）发生率较低，Ｇ－菌致ＯＤ发生率较高，而绿脓杆菌致ＯＤ发生率最高，后果最严重。对发病机制及防治问题进行了讨论，认为由于发病机理尚未充分了解，针对机制的有效治疗缺乏，因此防治的主要手段仍是去除诱因，即控制侵袭性感染。一旦感染发生，则要保护好各个脏器，使ＯＤ不致发展成器官衰竭。