吉林农村居民饮酒与血脂异常的关系研究

目的探讨吉林农村居民饮酒与血脂异常的关系。方法为横断面调查,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对吉林省东丰县、靖宇县农村居民进行流行病学问卷调查表与体格、血液检查相结合的方式进行调查,血脂异常定义为:符合1总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)≥6.22mmol/L;2甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)≥2.26mmol/L;3低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDLC)≥4.14mmol/L;4高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDLC)<1.04mmol/L或HDLC≥1.55mmol/L其中至少1项的,规定为血脂异常。运用χ2检验及多因素Logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果本次调查所得有效样本2601例(男性1179例,女性1422例),饮酒率为21%(男性44.3%,女性1.7%),男女性血脂异常患病率分别为63.5%和64.4%。随每日饮酒量的增加,男性血脂异常率、HDLC和TG血清浓度也在增加(P=0.000)。中量饮酒和大量饮酒者中,TC浓度高于其他组(P=0.000)。调整所有混杂因素后的多因素Logistic回归显示,中量饮酒组TG异常与不饮酒组相比,OR=2.22,95%CI:1.50~3.29,HDLC异常的OR=1.58,95%CI:1.17~2.13;大量饮酒组,HDLC异常的OR=1.78,95%CI:1.25~2.55,TC异常的OR=2.36,95%CI:1.31~4.22,TG异常的OR=2.87,95%CI:1.86~4.45。结论饮酒是男性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常、总胆固醇异常和甘油三酯异常危险因素,其中TC总胆固醇异常与大量饮酒(>80g/d)有关,甘油三酯异常对男性饮酒量变化更敏感。     

基于农村社区人群的心血管危险因素相对效应和性别差异的分层研究

目的：调查北京市房山区农村人群心血管疾病及其相关危险因素的分布,并探讨该人群中主要危险因素与心血管疾病的关联强度。方法：采用普查的方法,对青龙湖镇32个行政村40岁以上人群进行横断面研究;通过问卷调查、体格检查和生化检测收集心血管疾病患病及其相关危险因素的资料,采用分层分析和多因素logistic回归模型进行统计学分析。结果：共计7 577名研究对象中冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病、高血压、血脂紊乱、超重和肥胖的患病率分别为6.5%、4.1%、10.7%、39.5%、56.7%、44.0%和13.6%。采用多因素logistic回归模型调整变量后比较危险因素对脑卒中/冠心病的现患比值比（prevalence odds ratio,POR）,发现高血压与脑卒中的关联更强（POR=2.780, 95%CI： 2.146~3.602）,而糖尿病与冠心病的关联更强（POR=2.671, 95%CI： 2.121~3.363）;按性别分层后各危险因素及数量性状指标与脑卒中的关联存在明显差异,在女性中主要是超重/肥胖（POR=1.652, 95%CI： 1.122~2.433）、体重指数（POR=1.048, 95%CI： 1.002~1.096）、收缩压（POR=1.017, 95%CI： 1.005~1.030）和血糖水平（POR=1.093, 95%CI： 1.048~1.140）,而在男性中主要是血脂紊乱（POR=1.615, 95%CI： 1.124~2.319）、总胆固醇（POR=3.932, 95%CI： 1.533~10.086）和HDL C水平（POR=0.072, 95%CI： 0.022~0.236）。 结论：本研究人群中心血管危险因素的聚集影响脑卒中和冠心病的高患病率,不同危险因素对脑卒中和冠心病的影响程度以及在不同性别人群中的影响存在差异。     

河池市体检人群脂肪肝发生率及相关危险因素的调查分析

目的调查河池市脂肪肝患病率及其主要危险因素。方法收集2011年1月至2013年1月在河池市人民医院体检具有完整资料的1433例体检者的体格检查的结果,分析脂肪肝的发生率及相关危险因素。结果 1433例体检者脂肪肝发生357例,发生率为24.9%,经过多因素和单因素分析显示年龄≥60岁(OR=6.856,95%CI 0.826~8.664)、饮酒(OR=2.120,95%CI 0.781~3.342)、喜食肉食(OR=2.559,95%CI 0.988~6.340)、体质指数≥24 kg/m2(OR=1.457,95%CI 0.941~12.432)、空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L(OR=3.642,95%CI 0.368~5.563)、总胆固醇≥5.72 mmol/L(OR=5.754,95%CI 0.708~7.865)、三酰甘油≥1.7 mmol/L(OR=3.459,95%CI 0.542~4.643)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇≥3.64 mmol/L(OR=3.559,95%CI 0.748~7.640)是脂肪肝患病的危险因素。结论河池市脂肪肝的发生率较高,其发病主要与年龄、饮食、肥胖、高血糖、高血脂相关。     

老年心脑血管病患者生活方式与脂质代谢异常的关系

目的了解老年心脑血管病患者不同生活方式对脂质代谢的影响。方法采用横断面研究方法,连续纳入符合条件的观察对象433名,进行人体测量,调查吸烟、饮酒、喝茶、规律运动等情况,检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A 1（Apo A 1）、载脂蛋白B（Apo B）以及游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平。结果本组观察对象血脂异常发生率为68.1%。其中高TC为23.1%,低HDL-C为46.7%,高LDL-C为17.6%,高TG为29.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,饮酒是高TC的危险因素（OR：2.75,95%CI：1.14~6.60）,也是防止HDL-C减低的保护因素（OR：0.46,95%CI：0.21~0.97）;经常喝茶是高TG的危险因素（OR：2.24,95%CI：1.30~3.84）,也是防止Apo B/Apo A 1比率增加的保护因素（OR：0.56,95%CI：0.33~0.96）;体力活动是防止FFA升高的保护因素（OR：0.61,95%CI：0.39~0.96）;吸烟是Apo B/Apo A 1比率增加的危险因素（OR：2.59,95%CI：1.39~4.85）。结论老年心脑血管病患者血脂异常发生率高,适度体力活动、限量饮酒、避免频繁喝茶、不吸烟可能有助于控制血脂水平。     

长沙市2 028名中小学生血脂异常检出率及其影响因素

目的：探讨中小学生血脂异常检出率及其影响因素,为中小学生慢性病防控提供科学依据。方法：采用 分层随机整群抽样方法随机选择长沙市2 028名7~17岁中小学生作为研究对象,分别进行问卷调查、体格测量和血 脂4项检查[三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)],非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,non-HDL-C)水平则由TC水平减去HDL-C水平计算得到。血脂异常影响因素的单 因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归模型。结果：中小学生血脂异常检出率为18.6%,其中高 TG血症,高TC血症,高LDL-C血症,高non-HDL-C血症和低HDL-C血症检出率分别为6.8%,5.6%,2.3%,4.2%和 8.6%。不同年龄、家庭所在地、BMI分组、每天看电视或玩电脑时间、每天睡眠时间及是否中心性肥胖的中小学生 血脂异常检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示家庭所在地为城市(OR=1.332)、超重 (OR=1.548)、肥胖(OR=2.201)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.695)、每天看电视或玩电脑时间>2 h(OR=1.357)、每天睡眠时间> 11 h(OR=2.518)是中小学生血脂异常的危险因素。结论：近1/5的中小学生检出不同类型的血脂异常,且与肥胖及多 种不良生活方式有关,应引起高度重视。     

冠状动脉支架置入术后1 年内低密度脂蛋白胆固醇控制情况多中心随访研究

目的 分析患者冠状动脉支架置入术后1 年内低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C） 控制情况,为合理干预提供依据。方法 收集三家医院于2011 年1 月- 2012 年6 月接受冠状动脉支架置入术患者术前基线资料及1 年随访资料,分析各项血脂指标的控制、用药、饮食及运动情况。结果 随访患者共1 274 例,以2.08 mmol/L 为LDL-C的目标值时,1 个月、6 个月、1 年的未达标率分别为30.0%、36.3%、44.8% （P ＜ 0.05） ;以1.82 mmol/L 为LDL-C 的目标值时,1 个月、6 个月、1 年的未达标率分别为45.7%、53.4%、58.6% （P ＜ 0.05）。6 个月LDL-C 不达标（ ≥ 2.08 mmol/L）患者,冠状动脉支架置入术后7 个月~ 1 年内主要心血管不良事件（major adverse cardiovascular events,MACEs） 的发生率明显高于达标患者（7.5% vs 3.7%,P = 0.000 8）。多元Logistic 回归分析显示LDL-C 不达标的主要危险因素为他汀类药物降脂方案未调整（OR = 2.73,95%CI ：1.89 ~ 3.57）,基线LDL-C ≥ 3.37 mmol/L（OR = 2.28,95% CI ：1.76 ~ 2.92）,饮食控制不良（OR= 1.65,95%CI ：1.21 ~ 2.37）,服药依从性差（OR = 1.44,95% CI ：1.09 ~ 2.15）。结论 冠状动脉支架置入术后1 年内,未达标患者MACEs 发生率明显增高。     

五指山市居民肥胖与主要慢性病的关联性

目的 探讨五指山市居民肥胖与主要慢性病的关联度,为慢性病防控提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段抽样方法抽取18岁以上常驻居民2 425例进行问卷调查、体格测量、血糖和血脂检测,分析肥胖和主要慢性病的相关性。结果 黎族地区居民的主要超重、肥胖和中心型肥胖率分别为24.4%、5.7%和9.1%。超重和肥胖在年龄、民族、文化程度和婚姻等因素间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,中心性肥胖在性别、年龄、民族和婚姻等因素间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示超重患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险是体重正常者的1.7倍（OR=1.7,95%CI=1.3~2.1）、1.4倍（OR=1.4,95%CI=0.9~2.1）和2.1倍（OR=2.1,95%CI=1.7~2.6）,肥胖患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险是体重正常者的2.9倍（OR=2.9,95%CI=1.9~4.5）、2.1倍（OR=2.1,95%CI=1.1~4.0）和4.8倍（OR=4.8,95%CI=3.2~7.3）;中心性肥胖患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险是体重正常者的1.6倍（OR=1.6,95%,CI=1.1~2.3）、1.6倍（OR=1.6,95%CI=0.9~2.9）和1.5倍（OR=1.5,95%CI=0.9~1.7）。3种慢性病在BMI肥胖的人群归因危险度(PAR)是72.04%~81.88%,在中心性肥胖的PAR是88.92%~91.52%。结论 超重比重在增长,应加大力度进行全民宣传、肥胖高危筛查及健康干预。     

中青年发生缺血性脑卒中相关危险因素分析

目的：探索中青年发生缺血性脑卒中的危险因素，为疾病预防提供干预依据。方法：选取2019年1月至2021年8月在沈阳医学院2所附属医院神经内科住院治疗的250例中青年缺血性脑卒中患者作为病例组，采用1∶1配比法选取在门诊参加健康体检的250例中青年为对照组。采用Logistic回归分析确定中青年发生缺血性脑卒中患者的危险因素。结果：高总胆固醇（OR=1.480,95%CI:1.035～2.117）、高甘油三酯（OR=1.304,95%CI:1.034～1.644）、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR=1.806, 95%CI:1.227～2.656）、高空腹血糖（OR=1.215, 95%CI:1.077～1.371）、高血清尿酸（OR=1.004,95%CI:1.001～1.007）、高血压病史（OR=24.422, 95%CI:14.452～41.271）、吸烟史（OR=1.791, 95%CI:1.074～2.986）、饮酒史（OR=2.292,95%CI:1.395～3.764）是中青年缺血性脑卒中发生的危险因素（P<0.05），高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR=0.383,95%CI:...     

上海市长宁区学龄儿童消化不良症状发生情况及其与膳食模式的关联研究

 为调查上海市长宁区学龄儿童消化不良症状的发生情况,研究膳食模式对其影响,于2019年9月采用整群抽样方法从长宁区5所小学选择304名7~11岁健康儿童,使用问卷调查基本信息、生活习惯、食物消费情况和消化不良症状的发生情况。采用因子分析提取膳食模式,通过Logistic回归分析膳食模式与学龄儿童消化不良症状的关系。半年内腹痛、腹泻、便秘和口臭分别占42.4%（123/290）、48.3%（140/290）、39.1%（115/294）和50.7%（148/292）。年龄大、男孩、母亲超重或肥胖、吸烟和饮水量低可能是消化不良症状的危险因素,父母高学历可能是消化不良症状的保护因素。处于海产品膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹泻（OR=1.87,95% CI：1.10~3.20）和便秘（OR=1.80,95% CI：1.06~3.06）发生率较高。处于奶制品膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹痛（OR=0.54,95% CI：0.32~0.91）和腹泻（OR=0.51,95% CI：0.30~0.87）发生率较低。处于传统膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹泻（OR=0.51,95% CI：0.30~0.87）发生率较低。处于高热量膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹痛（OR=1.78,95% CI：1.06~2.99）和口臭（OR=1.86,95% CI：1.11~3.12）发生率较高。上海市长宁区学龄儿童消化不良症状发生情况较高,膳食模式可能影响学龄儿童消化不良症状的发生。     

低钾血症对颅脑创伤患者预后的影响

目的 探讨低钾血症在颅脑创伤患者中的发病情况及其与预后的关系。方法 2010 年6月至2013 年6 月共有168 例住院期间出现低钾血症且年龄≥18 岁的颅脑创伤患者纳入研究。依据低钾血症严重程度的不同，将患者分成轻度组（3.00mmol/L≤血钾＜3.50mmol/L）、中度组（2.50mmol/L≤血钾＜3.00mmol/L）和重度组（血钾＜2.50mmol/L），各组均采用患者血钾的最低值进行数据分析。高钠血症和低磷血症分别被定义为血钠＞147.00mmol/L 和血磷＜0.80mmol/L。结果 受试患者的血钾在1.10~3.40mmol/L，平均2.90mmol/L。当血钾出现最低值时，与其余两组比较，重度组患者具有更高的血钠和更低的血磷水平（均P＜0.01）。与轻度组（10.5%）或中度组（25.7%）相比，重度组患者的病死率（82.1%）显著上升（均P＜0.01）。多变量逻辑回归分析结果显示，低格拉斯哥昏迷评分（OR=1.28，95%CI=1.12~1.42，P＜0.01）、低血钾（OR=5.57，95%CI=2.76~10.93，P＜0.01）、低血磷（OR=2.76，95%CI=1.11~7.25，P＜0.01）以及高血尿素氮（OR=1.16，95%CI=1.07~1.24，P＜0.01）是导致患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论 颅脑创伤患者是出现低钾血症的高危人群，重度低钾血症的患者更容易合并高钠血症和低磷血症。重度低钾血症和低磷血症是颅脑创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.