青年乳腺癌患者家庭韧性与社会支持及心理社会适应的关系

目的 探讨青年乳腺癌患者家庭韧性与社会支持及心理社会适应的关系.方法 采用便利抽样法,选取河南省某三级甲等医院的263例青年乳腺癌患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版家庭坚韧性量表、社会支持评定量表、疾病心理社会适应问卷进行调查,采用Pearson相关分析探究家庭韧性、社会支持与心理社会适应的相关关系,构建中介效...     

乳腺癌患者社会支持的研究现状

乳腺癌为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在国内占全身各种肿瘤的7％～10％,发病率逐年上升。乳腺癌严重威胁着女性的身心健康,乳腺癌患者不仅要面临着接受自己是癌症患者这一事实,还要接受以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,往往会感受到强烈的心理刺激,甚至产生严重的精神障碍。社会支持作为心理刺激的缓冲因素或中介因素,不仅能对个体的健康提供保护作用,而且对维持良好的情绪体验具有重大的意义。本文就国内外近年来乳腺癌患者社会支持的研究状况综述如下。     

Psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer in unmarried women

Breast cancer is a significant health problem that can affect many aspects of a woman's life. Although there is growing evidence that women with supportive husbands seem to adjust reasonably well, little is known about the impact of breast cancer among unmarried women. Relationships among primary treatment alternatives, symptom distress, perceived social support, and psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer in 101 unmarried women were investigated using data collected during the late postoperative recovery phase. The women experienced relatively low levels of psychosocial adjustment problems and perceived moderately high levels of social support. Social support and symptom distress each accounted for significant proportions of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, whereas primary treatment alternatives did not. Symptom distress emerged as the variable accounting for the most variance in psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer. Implications for health care providers to facilitate positive adjustment to breast cancer in unmarried women and directions for future studies are suggested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 21: 155–166, 1998     

乳腺癌化疗患者心理社会适应与心智觉知水平的相关性分析

目的调查乳腺癌化疗患者心智觉知水平和心理社会适应的现状,并分析两者的相关性。方法采用乳腺癌患者心智觉知注意觉知量表和乳腺癌患者心理社会适应问卷对130例乳腺癌化疗患者进行调查。结果乳腺癌化疗患者心智觉知水平得分为(51.25±11.01)分,心理社会适应分为(144.96±22.56)分,均处于中等水平;乳腺癌化疗患者心智觉知水平与心理社会适应及其各维度均呈正相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌化疗患者心智觉知水平与心理社会适应密切相关,提高乳腺癌化疗患者心智觉知水平可以改善其心理社会适应状况。     

社会心理因素与乳腺癌患者生活质量相关性的研究

目的探讨社会心理因素与乳腺癌患者生活质量的相关性。方法对30例乳腺癌患者采用中国癌症患者生活质量表（The Quality of life questionnaire for chinese cancer patients receiving chemotherapy,QLQ-CCC）,Zung焦虑自评量表（Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS）、Beck抑郁问卷（Beck depression inventory,BDI）、社会支持评定量表进行调查,了解患者社会心理因素与生活质量的相关性。结果患者的年龄、婚姻状况及社会支持与生活质量呈正相关;而文化程度、焦虑、抑郁状态与生活质量呈负相关。结论乳腺癌患者生活质量受多种因素影响,应采取针对性措施,减轻患者焦虑、抑郁不良情绪,提供各种社会支持,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

乳腺癌病人希望水平与社会支持的相关性研究

[目的]探讨乳腺癌病人希望水平与社会支持的相关性。[方法]采用一般状况调查表、Herth希望量表、社会支持量表对222例乳腺癌病人进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 17.0软件包进行统计分析。[结果]乳腺癌病人的希望水平总分为36.53分±3.27分,高等希望水平的病人占55.9%,中等希望水平的占44.1%;乳腺癌社会支持总分为44.28分±6.26分,高水平社会支持的病人占48.6%,中等水平的占51.4%;希望水平与社会支持总分及各维度之间呈正相关。[结论]乳腺癌病人的希望水平与社会支持有显著的相关性,护士应调动病人的社会支持系统,提高病人战胜疾病的信心,进一步提升其生存质量。     

Women's perceptions of group support and adaptation to breast cancer

Women's perceptions of group support and adaptation to breast cancer ¶ Formal cancer support groups are thought to assist women to adapt to the physiological and psychosocial sequelae of breast cancer. To shed some light on this untested clinical assumption, this Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing-based study was designed to explore women's own reports about their adaptation to breast cancer and their participation in support groups. This article reports the results of the quantitative content analysis of structured telephone interviews with 70 women who participated in group social support and education for breast cancer. Almost three-quarters of the women expressed a positive change in attitude towards breast cancer, and all regarded participation in the groups as positive. A majority reported adaptive physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence mode effects of breast cancer and group participation. Additional research is needed to show how different types of cancer support groups, including social support and education groups and psychotherapy groups, contribute to women's responses. Research is also needed to separate the effects of group social support and education from other sources of social support that may have contributed to the women's responses, and to further explore feelings of normalization expressed by some women.     

乳腺癌术后患者的情绪及社会支持、应对方式对其的影响

hite magnesium chloride hexahydrate from bittern con放疗或化疗患者情绪的影响。方法应用简明心境问卷、领悟社会支持评定量表、应对问卷对广州地区5所医院68例乳腺癌术后患者进行调查分析。结果本组患者负性情绪较多,社会支持、应对方式对情绪影响的主效应明显(F=4.22,P=0.04;F=6.78,P=0.01),社会支持与主动行为、社会支持与回避之间存在交互效应(F=8.55,P=0.00;F=10.18,P=0.00)。结论乳腺癌确诊初期并接受手术治疗患者情绪较差,应给予更多的社会支持,促进患者采取主动行为的应对方式面对疾病,并减少回避应对方式。     

Living with newly diagnosed breast cancer: a qualitative study of 10 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer

AIM: The aim of this qualitative study was to describe from the perspective of 10 women (aged 39-69 years), their experience of living with breast cancer. BACKGROUND: Although there is increasing research into a variety of aspects associated with breast cancer, there is a continuing need for research to increase nurses' understanding of how women experience living with newly diagnosed breast cancer. DESIGN/METHODS: Following ethical approval, open-ended interviews were analysed, using methods influenced by Grounded Theory. Verifiability and empirical grounding of the theory was established through use of the constant comparative method. FINDINGS: Existential issues arose as an important aspect of living with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The will to live emerged as the central theme. All energy was channelled into a tenacious fight for life. Furthermore, results revealed other aspects in the women's awareness of living with breast cancer, such as their experiences in relation to emotional reactions, bodily physical changes, their female identity, meaningful activities and their social network. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of how women experience their new and changed life situation is important to the support nurses give in the process of healing. Nurses need this knowledge to be better able to assist women and their families in their development of coping strategies.     

Stress, optimism, and social support: impact on immune responses in breast cancer

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and stress-buffering effect of optimism and satisfaction with social support on immune responses in women with breast cancer. Participants were 54 post-operative (M = 19 days) breast cancer patients who completed questionnaires on stress, optimism, and satisfaction with social support and provided blood to measure natural killer cell activity (NKCA) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from whole blood. Higher levels of stress were associated with decrements in NKCA and IFN-gamma. Optimism moderated the relationship of stress on NKCA but was not related to IFN-gamma. Satisfaction with social support was unrelated to immune responses. Results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing stress and enhancing optimism in women with breast cancer might promote optimal immune response.     

乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏与社会支持及心理弹性的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏与社会支持及心理弹性的关系。方法:采用方便抽样法选取2018年10月—2019年10月92例乳腺癌放疗病人,在病人放疗期间应用癌因性疲乏量表、社会支持量表、心理弹性量表对其进行调查,乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏与心理弹性、社会支持三者的关系应用Pearson相关分析,应用多元回归分析影响乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏的独立因素。结果:乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏总分为(26.25±4.78)分、社会支持总分为(45.23±3.98)分、心理弹性总分为(60.12±5.11)分。Pearson相关分析显示,乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏总分、情感疲乏及认知疲乏评分与社会支持总分、社会支持利用度评分和心理弹性总分及其各维度评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,病人文化程度、临床分期、放疗效果、社会支持及心理弹性是乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:影响乳腺癌放疗病人癌因性疲乏的因素较多,护理人员可通过加强病人放疗期间心理疏导,强化病人外部社会支持,从而减轻病人放疗期间癌因性疲乏,促进病人身心健康。     

Effects of two types of social support and education on adaptation to early-stage breast cancer

A Roy adaptation model-based support and education intervention for women with early-stage breast cancer was tested in a three-group, three-phase randomized clinical trial of a sample of 125 women. The experimental group received 13 months of combined individual telephone and in-person group support and education, Control Group 1 received 13 months of telephone-only individual support and education, and Control Group 2 received one-time mailed educational information. The experimental group and Control Group 1 reported less mood disturbance at the end of all three phases, less loneliness at the end of Phases II and III, and a higher-quality relationship with a significant other at the end of Phase II than did Control Group 2. No group differences were found for cancer-related worry or well-being. The findings suggest that individual telephone support may provide an effective alternative to in-person support groups. Further study of telephone interventions is recommended using ethnically and economically heterogeneous samples.     

乳腺癌病人社会支持和应对方式及其与人格关系的研究

[目的]了解乳腺癌病人的社会支持和应对方式及其与人格关系。[方法]将2004年1月—2006年12月在我院就医、经确诊的126例乳腺癌病人作为乳腺癌组,并与同期在我院体检的健康成人128例进行比较。[结果]乳腺癌病人的神经质、精神质两个维度得分明显高于对照组;乳腺癌病人的社会支持、应对方式与人格有一定的相关性。[结论]乳腺癌病人对于社会支持的利用度较低,且较多地采用消极应对方式,较少采用积极的应对方式。     

Types and sources of social support for people afflicted with cancer

Abstract The social support network of adults afflicted with cancer related to sexual organs and the breasts was assessed in this study. Two hundred and eighteen respondents completed the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire. The social support network of adults with cancer was found to include the following: spouses/partner, family, friends, other non‐professionals and professionals. The average number of people in each network was about eight. Overall, the respondents reported a high amount of perceived total functional support concerning affect, affirmation and aid. The difference between being male or female and being married or not was statistically significant. There was no difference in the perception of support between married and unmarried respondents. The majority of the respondents were married. Women scored higher in emotional support than did men, and this difference was statistically significant. Having children and grandchildren also showed significant differences according to social support. The duration of the relationship with network members ranged from less than 6 months to more than 5 years.     

Coping with a possible breast cancer diagnosis: demographic factors and social support

AIM: This paper reports a study examining the relationships between demographic characteristics, social support, anxiety, coping and defence among women with possible breast cancer. BACKGROUND: Awaiting a possible breast cancer diagnosis is an anxiety-provoking situation that demands coping. Social support and demographic characteristics have been reported to influence coping and well-being, but the interconnection is insufficiently understood. DESIGN: A survey design was used, and self-administrated questionnaires were returned by a convenience sample of 117 women in Norway who had undergone breast biopsy. The data were collected from September 1998 to February 2000. INSTRUMENTS: The instruments consisted of: the Social Provisions Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Utrecht Coping List and Defence Mechanisms Inventory. In addition, data on age, level of education, employment, marital status, and household status were collected. RESULTS: Social support was positively related to instrumental-oriented coping and emotion-focused coping, unrelated to cognitive defence and defensive hostility. Educational level was positively related to instrumental-oriented coping. Educational level, employment and marital status were negatively related to cognitive defence. Educational level was the most important contributor to social support. Attachment and education were the most important contributors to instrumental-oriented coping, with education as the strongest predictor. CONCLUSION: Better coping was linked primarily to education, and secondly to attachment. Unemployment, low level of education and single/divorced/widowed status were related to greater use of cognitive defence. Women who used a defensive hostile style tended to receive poor social support. Nurses need to be aware of the influence of demographic characteristics on social support, coping and defence and to identify poor copers, as these patients are most in need of professional support.     

Healthcare and support needs of women with suspected breast cancer

AIM: This paper is a report of a study to investigate changes in the healthcare and support needs during the diagnostic period, and factors that affect these needs in women with suspected breast cancer. BACKGROUND: Although the needs of women with breast cancer are well recognized, few studies have examined the needs of women with suspected breast cancer during the diagnostic period. METHOD: This longitudinal study used an investigator-developed, self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 127 women in Taiwan on three occasions: notification of need for breast biopsy, before biopsy and after diagnosis. The data were collected from November 2004 to April 2005. FINDINGS: Participants had high need levels before and after diagnosis, with their top needs in the domains of healthcare services for diagnosis, follow-up and consultation, and information about the disease. They needed disease- and treatment-related information more than emotional support. Need levels were higher (P < 0.01) before diagnosis than after, highest before biopsy, and lowest after diagnosis. Furthermore, needs were higher (P < 0.01) before than after diagnosis for diagnostic services, disease information, and involvement of family and friends. Higher needs were found in married women with more education and no history of benign tumours. Need level did not differ statistically significantly by age, religious status, degree of social support, family history and breast symptoms. CONCLUSION: Need levels of women with suspected breast cancer vary during the diagnostic period, are highest before breast biopsy, and related to personal characteristics and cultural context. Therefore, during this period, nursing staff should provide patients and families with culturally sensitive, individualized, supportive care.     

乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏与社会支持相关性的研究

目的调查乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏的状况,并分析乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏与社会支持的相关性。方法采用Piper疲乏量表和社会支持评定量表对某市3所三级甲等医院的203例乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者进行问卷调查。结果 95.57%的患者存在癌因性疲乏,处于中度疲乏程度;社会支持及主观支持、对社会支持的利用度与整体疲乏及各维度呈负相关,客观支持与情感维度呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏的发生率较高,应提高对癌因性疲乏的重视,加强社会支持,提高患者的生活质量。     

The mental health of women with suspected breast cancer: the relationship between social support,anxiety, coping and defence in maintaining mental health

Relationships between anxiety, social support, coping, and defence, in connection to mental health, were studied among patients with suspected breast cancer, awaiting diagnosis. Data were collected by questionnaires from 117 women, 25-76 years of age (mean: 53.6 years) who had undergone breast biopsy. Instruments used were: the Social Provisions Scale (SPS); the state scale of State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI); and CODE [based on the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) and Defence Mechanisms Inventory (DMI)]. The results showed that patients reported elevated levels of anxiety and high levels of social support. Yet, anxiety was strongest and negatively related to 'instrumental coping', followed by 'cognitive defence'. 'Defensive hostility' was unrelated to anxiety. Unexpectedly, 'emotion-focused coping' and social provisions were unrelated to anxiety. Social provisions were somewhat related to 'instrumental coping', but sparsely related to 'emotion-focused coping', unrelated to 'cognitive defence' and partly negatively related to 'defensive hostility'. Hence, social support and 'emotion-focused coping' did not in themselves repress anxiety. 'Instrumental coping' did, even in a situation where nothing could be done. Social support is suggested to be the product of an 'instrumental coping style', not necessarily contributing to it. Clinical consequences for professional information and support to patients with different coping styles are suggested.