综合治疗中晚期前列腺癌的远期疗效分析

目的　总结综合治疗中晚期前列腺癌的远期疗效。　方法　 2 5 6例前列腺癌患者 ,C期 182例 ,D期 74例。腺癌 2 36例 ,鳞癌 7例 ,未分化癌 13例。Gleason评分 >6分者 2 0 2例。采用双睾切除加内分泌治疗和 (或 )放射治疗。　结果　 2 36例 (92 .2 % )患者PSA在短期内迅速下降至 2ng/ml以下 ;总 5、10、15年生存率为 4 8.8%、2 9.7%和 13.3% ,其中C期为 5 8.2 %、38.4 %和 17.7% ,D期为 2 5 .7%、6 .4 %和 0 ;C期与D期 5年与 10年生存率差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;照射剂量<70Gy者 5、10、15年生存率分别为 39.7%、7.7%、0 % ,≥ 70Gy者分别为 5 5 .9%、4 4 .1%和 2 1.6 % ,5年和 10年生存率差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　综合治疗是中晚期前列腺癌的主要治疗方法 ,临床分期、Gleason分级、照射剂量是影响长期生存的主要因素。     

近距放疗联合间歇性内分泌治疗在前列腺癌治疗中的应用

目的:分析比较125I粒子植入近距放疗联合间歇性内分泌治疗在前列腺癌治疗中的效果。方法:回顾2001年1月～2011年2月期间未接受根治性前列腺切除而接受治疗满5年的147例前列腺癌患者,按治疗方式分为三组;A组43例单纯采用间歇性内分泌治疗;B组31例单纯采用近距离125I粒子植入;C组73例施行近距离125I粒子植入+间歇性内分泌治疗。比较三组患者的临床症状、PSA变化情况、局部进展率、无事件生存率。结果:147例患者,A组5年生存率为88.37%,无效率13.95%,无事件生存率16.28%;B组生存率为90.32%,无效率22.58%,无事件生存率32.26%;C组生存率为90.41%,无效率6.85%,无事件生存率34.25%。结论:近距离125I粒子植入+间歇性内分泌联合治疗作为前列腺癌的综合治疗手段,可以提高无事件生存率、增加治疗有效率、缩短内分泌治疗时间。     

三维适形放疗加内分泌治疗中晚期前列腺癌32例临床分析

目的分析三维适形放射治疗（3D-CRT）联合内分泌治疗对中晚期前列腺癌的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析3D-CRT联合内分泌治疗中晚期前列腺癌32例的临床资料。内分泌治疗采用去势加抗雄激素治疗的联合雄激素阻断治疗，26例放射治疗前接受双侧睾丸切除，1例行睾丸放疗去势，5例应用抑那通药物去势。抗雄激素治疗药物应用氟他胺，与去势治疗同时应用。放疗采用3D-CRT技术，1．8～2．0Gy／次，5次／周，肿瘤量（DT）68～72Gy，平均剂量70Gy。结果1例治疗过程中突发心肌梗死死亡，31例完成放射治疗。放疗结束后31例患者排尿困难等症状均不同程度改善，25例患者治疗6个月后血清PSA降至正常。平均随访30个月（6～75个月），3、5年生存率分别为80．6％和69．1％，5年肿瘤特异生存率为80．4％，1、2、3级急性胃肠道反应发生率分别为43．7％、6．3％、3．1％，1、2级急性泌尿生殖系统反应发生率分别为34．4％、6．3％。结论3D-CRT联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌疗效满意，副反应小，是中晚期前列腺癌综合治疗的有效手段。     

立体定向放疗联合内分泌治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌的临床研究

目的:探讨立体定向放疗治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌的有效性与安全性。方法:选取2016～2018年我院收治的转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者共80例,随机分为放疗组和对照组。对照组共40例,平均年龄(71.93±6.83)岁,中位前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平为317.7(71.19～911.83) ng/mL治疗方案为去势治疗+比卡鲁胺行全雄激素阻断。放疗组共40例,平均年龄(71.13±9.48)岁,中位PSA水平为300.35(100.00～799.23)ng/mL,治疗方案为去势治疗+比卡鲁胺行全雄激素阻断,在内分泌治疗3个月后行前列腺局部立体定向放疗,采用陀螺旋转式钴60放射治疗系统治疗,放疗剂量:50%GTV 3.0～3.5 Gy×10～11次,每周照射5次。观察血清PSA进展时间、PSA缓解率、3年生存率及不良反应。结果:两组患者中位随访28个月,放疗组失访1例,对照组失访2例。两组患者年龄、血清PSA、Gleason评分、T分期、骨转移数量、去势治疗方式(手术或药物去势)、进入去势抵抗性前列腺癌后采取的二线内分泌治疗方式比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组的PSA进展中位时间为12.43个月(95%CI:10.80～14.78),放疗组的PSA进展中位时间为18.40个月(95%CI:10.99～25.81),比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组PSA缓解率、3年生存率及不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。放疗组的主要不良反应有放射性膀胱炎,CTCAE分级为1级,给予对症治疗后均在放疗后1个月内完全消失,两组均有1～2级的潮热及血糖升高,无须处理自行缓解。结论:对于转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌内分泌治疗同时早期给予前列腺局部立体定向放疗,与单独内分泌治疗相比可延长患者PSA进展时间,并且有延长患者总生存时间的趋势,不良反应轻微,患者耐受良好。     

高强度聚焦超声联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌

目的评价高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌(PCa)的疗效和副作用。方法PCa患者65例,B期12例,C期32例,D期21例,平均PSA为(85.5±79.4)ng/ml;以HIFU联合内分泌治疗,随访PSA和1、3、5年生存率,观察治疗的副作用。结果55例获得12～46个月的随访;术后3个月平均PSA为(53.4±51.3)ng/ml,与术前相比具有显著性差异(P<0.01),患者1、3、5年生存率分别为87.2%、38.2%和23.6%,副作用轻微。结论HIFU联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌能有效地降低PSA,提高患者生存率,具有高度安全性。     

晚期前列腺癌综合治疗的初步疗效分析

目的 :探讨晚期前列腺癌综合治疗的方法。　方法 :对 1991年 5月～ 1997年 7月收治的 6 2例晚期前列腺癌 (C期和D期 )病人的治疗结果进行分析。 33例前列腺症状评分 (IPSS) <15的前列腺癌病人 (I组 )行去势术 +缓退瘤。 2 9例IPSS≥ 15的病人 (Ⅱ组 )行经尿道前列腺电切 (TURP) +去势术 +缓退瘤。内分泌治疗期间梗阻症状明显加重者再次行TURP。　结果 :治疗后所有病人的主观症状均较治疗前明显改善 ,最大尿流率 (MFR)增加、剩余尿减少、PSA值明显下降。 34例病人在治疗期间 (治疗 16～ 39个月后 )转变为激素非依赖性前列腺癌 ,经停用缓退瘤 ,改用癌腺治或酮康唑治疗 ,17例 (5 0 % )病人得到不同程度的缓解。　结论 :对IPSS≥ 15的晚期前列腺癌病人 ,TURP可有效地减少尿道梗阻所致的并发症 ,配合内分泌治疗效果良好 ,无严重并发症 ;对激素非依赖性前列腺癌 ,停用缓退瘤 ,改用酮康唑或癌腺治治疗 ,可取得一定疗效。     

全雄激素阻断和全雄激素阻断结合~(125)I放射微粒植入治疗前列腺癌

目的 :探讨全雄激素阻断和全雄激素阻断结合12 5I放射微粒植入治疗前列腺癌的临床疗效。　方法 :收集我院近 10年来中晚期前列腺癌病人 44例 ,其中C期 2 8例 ,D期 16例。双侧睾丸切除 +抗雄激素药物治疗 (A组 )35例 ,双侧睾丸切除 +抗雄激素药物 +12 5I放射微粒植入近距离放射治疗 (B组 ) 9例。比较治疗前后PSA的变化及生存率。　结果 :A组 35例病人PSA平均值由 6 0 .3μg/L降至12 .1μg/L。B组 9例病人PSA平均值由72 .1μg/L降至 3.6 μg/L。 35例A组病人随访 9～ 84(平均39.2 )个月 ,排除非癌性死亡 3例 ,因前列腺癌引起的死亡 6例 ,生存率为 81.3%(2 6 / 32 )。B组 9例病人随访 7～ 2 4(平均 13)个月 ,病人全部存活。　结论 :全雄激素阻断治疗及全雄激素阻断治疗结合12 5I放射微粒植入近距离放射治疗 ,是治疗中晚期前列腺癌的可供选择的有效方法。     

间歇内分泌治疗联合调强适形放射治疗局限性前列腺癌的临床研究

目的：探讨间歇性内分泌治疗联合调强适形放射治疗局限性前列腺癌的临床价值。方法：选择局限性前列腺癌患者72例,分为两组,联合治疗组37例,采用间歇内分泌治疗联合调强适形放射治疗;单纯治疗组35例,采用单纯调强适形放射治疗。分析比较两组患者的临床症状缓解率、前列腺体积变化情况、血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）值改变、肿瘤控制率、放疗不良反应发生率及生存率等方面。结果：随访5～118个月,平均56个月。联合治疗组与单纯治疗组比较,临床症状缓解率差异有统计学意义（x^2=3．280,P=0．036）;前列腺体积差值的差异有统计学意义（t=5．1353,P=0．000）;血清PsA〈0．2μg／L者所占比例差异有统计学意义（x^2=20．182,P=0．000）;1年、3年、5年和8年PSA无进展生存率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;1年、3年均无死亡病例,差异均无统计学意义;5年生存率差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．168,P=0．023）;8年生存率差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．061,P=0．024）;早期放疗不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：间歇内分泌治疗联合调强适形放射治疗局限性前列腺癌可明显改善患者的临床症状,降低血清PSA水平,提高疾病控制率及患者生存率,降低放疗早期不良反应发生率,疗效优于单纯调强适形放射治疗,是一种安全、有效的治疗措施。     

三维适形放疗加内分泌联合治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的评价三维适形放疗加内分泌联合治疗晚期前列腺癌的效果。方法对晚期前列腺癌患者25例行3DCRT 内分泌联合治疗(联合组),以同期进行的单纯内分泌治疗的晚期前列腺癌患者40例为对照组。随访时间3~48个月,中位随访期27个月。结果联合组3年生存率为88.0%,明显高于对照组(68.0%)。在30个月后,联合组的PSA低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3DCRT 内分泌联合治疗晚期前列腺癌疗效满意,优于单纯内分泌治疗。     

伽玛刀结合内分泌治疗中晚期前列腺癌疗效分析

目的 分析伽玛刀联合内分泌治疗对中晚期前列腺癌的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析伽玛刀联合内分泌治疗中晚期前列腺癌21例的临床资料.内分泌治疗采用去势加抗雄激素治疗的联合雄激素阻断治疗,所有患者放射治疗前均接受双侧睾丸切除.放疗方案,3.8～5.0 Gy/次,隔日一次,治疗次数为10 ～13次,总放疗计量38.0～ 55.0Gy.结果 所有患者顺利完成放射治疗.17例患者治疗6个月后血清PSA降至正常.出院后随访平均24个月(6～60个月),3、5年生存率分别为76.2％( 16/21)和66.7％( 14/21).结论 伽玛刀联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌疗效满意,副反应小,是中晚期前列腺癌综合治疗的有效手段.     

Conformal proton therapy for early-stage prostate cancer

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of proton radiation on clinical and biochemical outcomes for early prostate cancer. METHODS: Three hundred nineteen patients with T1-T2b prostate cancer and initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels 15.0 ng/mL or less received conformal radiation doses of 74 to 75 cobalt gray equivalent with protons alone or combined with photons. No patient had pre- or post-treatment hormonal therapy until disease progression was documented. Patients were evaluated for biochemical disease-free survival, PSA nadir, and toxicity; the mean and median follow-up period was 43 months. RESULTS: Overall 5-year clinical and biochemical disease-free survival rates were 97% and 88%, respectively. Initial PSA level, stage, and post-treatment PSA nadir were independent prognostic variables for biochemical disease-free survival: a PSA nadir 0.5 ng/mL or less was associated with a 5-year biochemical disease-free survival rate of 98%, versus 88% and 42% for nadirs 0.51 to 1.0 and greater than 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. No severe treatment-related morbidity was seen. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that patients treated with conformal protons have 5-year biochemical disease-free survival rates comparable to those who undergo radical prostatectomy, and display no significant toxicity. A Phase III randomized dose-escalation trial is underway to define the optimum radiation dose for early-stage prostate cancer.     

Clinical survey of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVES: Treatment trends and outcomes for prostate cancer in our hospital were reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 482 patients with prostate cancer treated in our hospital between January, 1990 and December, 2004. RESULTS: The age distribution was from 51 to 99 years-old, with the mean age of 72.9 years-old at onset. The number of prostate cancer patients, especially asymptomatic patients with PSA elevation, have increased recently. As for the clinical stage, 92 cases (19.1%), 238 cases (49.4%), 48 cases (10.0%) and 104 cases (21.6%) were stage A, B, C and D, respectively. 425 cases (88.2%) received some form of endocrine therapy. Retropubic prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy was performed in 77 and 57 cases, respectively all cases. The cause-specific 5-year survival rate of the 482 cases was 79.7%, comprising 100% for stage A1, 96.8% for stage A2, 89.4% for stage B, 79.9% for stage C and 42.9% for stage D. The cause-specific 5-year survival was significantly better in the latter patients (1997-2004) than the former patients (1990-1996) in stage C (p = 0.0226), D (p = 0.0448). In stage C patients, the retropubic prostatectomy (with endocrine therapy) group, increased in the latter period and showed longer cause-specific 5-year survival than the endocrine therapy group (p = 0.0027). In stage D2 patients, chemo-endocrine therapy with VP-16, ADM and CDDP refractory and cause-specific 5-year survival was longer than endocrine therapy alone (p = 0.0467, P = 0.0381). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that retropubic prostatectomy with endocrine therapy and chemo-endocrine therapy are useful for stage C and D prostate cancer patients, respectively.     

Efficacy of primary hormonal therapy for patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: A retrospective multicenter study

AIM: A retrospective review of patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer was performed to evaluate the efficacy of primary hormonal therapy and predict long-term prognosis in these patients. METHODS: A total of 628 patients who were diagnosed with stage T1c to T3 prostate cancer were treated with primary hormonal therapy at participating institutions. The patients were classified based on pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, and time to nadir PSA level. Disease-specific and progression-free survival rates were investigated, and compared among the subgroups. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 74.5 years, and median pretreatment PSA level was 14.0 ng/mL. A total of 399 patients (63.5%) were treated with combined androgen blockade (CAB), and 229 patients (36.5%) were treated with castration monotherapy. The disease-specific survival rate of all 628 patients was 89.1% at 8 years. The group that showed a good response to primary hormonal therapy (Group G, pretreatment PSA level < or =20 ng/mL, Gleason score < or =7, and time to nadir PSA < or =6 months) accounted for approximately one-third of the total number of T1c-T3 patients. Disease-specific and progression-free survival rates at 8 years in Group G were 98.9% and 82.0%, respectively. These rates increased to 100% and 87.3%, respectively, in patients receiving CAB treatment in Group G. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the usefulness of primary hormonal therapy, especially CAB treatment, for patients showing a good response to hormonal therapy in long-term control of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.     

Survival results in patients with screen-detected prostate cancer versus physician-referred patients treated with radical prostatectomy: early results

OBJECTIVE: Screening using a standardized protocol may improve outcomes of patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. We compared the 7- year progression-free survival rates after radical retropubic prostatectomy in patients whose prostate cancer was detected through a formal screening program with those of patients referred for treatment by other physicians who did not use a standardized screening/referral protocol. METHODS: A single surgeon (W.J.C.) performed radical retropubic prostatectomy in 3,177 consecutive patients between 1989 and 2003. Of these patients, 464 had cancer detected in a screening study, and 2,713 were referred from outside institutions. We compared the screened and referred cohorts for age at surgery, clinical stage, pathologic stage, Gleason sum, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and adjuvant radiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates were used to calculate 7-year progression-free probabilities, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the clinical and pathologic parameters associated with cancer progression in each group. RESULTS: The overall 7-year progression-free survival rates were 83% for the screened patients compared with 77% for the referred patients (P = 0.002). Preoperative PSA, Gleason sum, clinical stage, pathologic stage, and adjuvant radiotherapy were all significantly associated with cancer progression. There was a significantly higher proportion of referred patients with a preoperative PSA > or =10, Gleason sum > or =7, and nonorgan-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with screened-detected prostate cancer have more favorable clinical and pathologic features, and 7-year progression-free survival rates than referred patients. On multivariate analysis, including other clinical variables, screening status was a significant independent predictor of biochemical outcome.     

Prostate specific antigen bounce phenomenon after external beam radiation for clinically localized prostate cancer

PURPOSE: We characterize the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounce in patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer and correlate the PSA bounce with the development of biochemical disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 964 patients received full dose radiation therapy alone. Followup PSA values were obtained 3 months after completion of radiotherapy and every 3 to 6 months thereafter. Median followup of the entire study group was 48 months. All time intervals were calculated from the completion date of radiation therapy. PSA bounce was defined as an initial increase in serum PSA of at least 0.5 ng./ml., followed by a decrease to pre-bounce baseline serum PSA values no more than 60 months after external beam radiation therapy. RESULTS: Of the 964 patients 119 (12%) had a PSA bounce. PSA bounce was unrelated to age, race, pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, clinical T stage or radiation dose. Mean time to PSA bounce was 9 months from the time of therapy. The respective 1 and 5-year biochemical disease-free survival rates were 100% and 82.1% for patients with PSA bounce and 93.9% and 57.7% for those without PSA bounce (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Of men with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy 12% experienced a transient increase in PSA (PSA bounce) followed by a return to pre-bounce levels after radiation. The PSA bounce phenomenon was not predictive of time to biochemical recurrence.     

The value of external beam radiation in node positive prostate cancer: a multivariate analysis

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of local/regional treatment, particularly external beam radiation alone vs. radical prostatectomy plus radiation therapy in patients with pathologic node positive prostate cancer on survival. Methods: Medical records of all 116 patients who received their initial treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1980 and 1996 for adenocarcinoma of the prostate with pathologic confirmed nodal metastases and no distant metastases were reviewed. The mean follow up was 5.5 years. Overall survival, time to PSA failure on endocrine therapy, and time to first intervention were evaluated. The effect of the different treatment options were compared using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to adjust for tumor characteristics that might influence survival. These included clinical T stage, clinical N stage, Gleason grade, number and location of positive lymph nodes and pretreatment PSA. Results: The combined patient population had a 5-year survival rate of 74% and a 10-year survival rate of 48%. Patients receiving local/regional treatment had adjusted 5 year survival rates of 80% compared to 27% for patients receiving no local/regional treatment (p = .001) with corresponding cumulative intervention rates (CIR) of 11% vs. 73% (p = .01) Patients receiving external beam radiation (XRT) alone did not differ significantly from those receiving prostatectomy plus radiation therapy in terms of survival (75 vs. 82%, P = .23) or cumulative intervention rates (14% vs. 14%, P = .94) Conclusion: Although it appears that all patients with node positive prostate cancer will eventually develop failure, this paper suggests local/regional therapy offers a medium term survival advantage over no local/regional treatment. The addition of prostatectomy did not confer a demonstrable advantage over radiation alone.     

Radical prostatectomy for pathological Gleason 8 or greater prostate cancer: influence of concomitant pathological variables.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term outcome of radical prostatectomy for pathological Gleason score 8 or greater prostate cancer and characterized the prognostic significance of other pathological variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 6,419 patients underwent radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 1996. There were 407 patients classified as having pathological Gleason 8 or greater, including 8 in 48%, 9 in 49% and 10 in 3%. Adjuvant treatment was used in 45% of patients and adjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to 155 (38%). Progression-free, including local or systemic, and/or prostate specific antigen (PSA) 0.4 ng./ml. or greater, and cancer specific survival were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. The effect of pathological grade and stage, preoperative PSA, DNA ploidy, margin status, tumor dimension, seminal vesicle invasion, and adjuvant treatment was assessed with the univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Pathological stage distribution was pT2 in 26% of patients, pT3 48% and pTxN+ 27%. Overall and progression-free survival at 10 years was 67% and 36%, respectively, compared to cancer specific survival 85%. Adjuvant treatment, pathological stage, preoperative PSA and pathological grade were significant (less than 0.05) univariate predictors of progression-free survival. Pathological stage, margin status and ploidy were univariately associated with cancer specific survival. Progression-free survival at 10 years of those patients who did and did not receive adjuvant treatment was 52% and 23%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis pathological grade (p=0.02), preoperative PSA (p <0.0001), adjuvant therapy (p <0.0001) and pathological stage (p=0.036) were significant independent predictors of progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: High grade prostate cancer can be controlled with radical prostatectomy in some patients with disease confined pathologically, and 10-year cause specific survival is 96%. Predictors of outcome in patients with Gleason 8 disease or greater are similar to established predictors derived by using all grades. Although adjuvant hormonal therapy appears to improve disease progression rates after radical prostatectomy on the basis of this nonrandomized study, it may not affect prostate cancer death rates within 10 years in patients with high grade cancer.     

High dose rate brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy using Iridium-192 (Ir 192) and 3D conformal external beam radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 444 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent combined radiotherapy with interstitial Ir 192 and 3D conformal external beam radiotherapy between December 1992 and March 2001. The 230 patients, treated between December 1992 and December 1997 were analyzed. All patients underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection to exclude patients with lymphatic involvement. Ir 192 was delivered twice with a 1-week interval in HDR remote control technique. The interstitial dose from December 1992 to December 1993 was 10Gy, after December 1993 the dose was reduced to 9Gy per treatment session. The interstitial application was followed by external beam radiation of 45Gy for cT1-cT2 and 50.4Gy for cT3 tumor (40Gy from December 1992 to December 1993). Progression was defined as biochemical failure according to ASTRO criteria, e.g. three consecutive PSA rises following the PSA nadir. RESULTS: The median PSA value decreased from 12.8 to 0.93ng/ml 12 months after treatment. Median PSA value was 0.47 after 24 months, 0.30ng/ml after 36 months and 0.18ng/ml after 60 months. 68% of the biopsies were negative 24 months after therapy. Progression-free rate was 100% for cT1 tumors, 75% for cT2 and 60% for stage-cT3 on 5-year follow-up. Five-year overall survival was 93%, 5-year disease-specific survival was 98%. Initial PSA value <10ng/ml, low stage and low grade were significantly related to 5-year progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Combined HDR brachytherapy with Ir 192 is an alternative treatment option especially for patients with cT3 prostate cancer. Initial PSA value, stage and grade, are important prognostic factors.     

Matched-cohort analysis of patients with prostate cancer followed with observation or treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy

OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome of similar patients with prostate cancer treated by either observation or three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-DCRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 69 patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer who were observed only; the indications included indolent disease, significant medical comorbidities and refusal of treatment. Of these, 62 patients had palpable T1-T2a and seven T2b-T3a disease, a median Gleason score of 6 and a median initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 5.3 ng/mL. A matched-cohort analysis of 69 patients, based on palpation T category, Gleason score and initial PSA, was used to compare the outcome between the observation and 3-DCRT groups. The median radiation dose for latter was 72 Gy. RESULTS: The median follow-up for the observed patients was 49 months. The 5- and 8-year actuarial rates of freedom from distant metastases were 100% and 93%, respectively, and the actuarial overall survival rates 94% and 73%, respectively. Seven observed patients had local disease progression on physical examination. Four patients who initially were observed received radiation therapy later for a rising PSA and/or local disease progression. For the 69 matched 3-DCRT patients, the overall 5-year rate for no biochemically evident disease was 74%. The respective 5- and 8-year actuarial rates of freedom from distant metastases were 95% and 95%, and actuarial overall survival rates 95% and 75%. There were no significant differences in distant metastasis and overall survival rates between the groups, and no deaths from prostate cancer in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Observation is a reasonable alternative to treatment in selected patients. During the 5-year follow-up the progression rates were relatively low, and there was no difference in distant metastasis or overall survival between the groups. As the follow-up was short a longer follow-up is needed to determine whether the outcome of those patients who chose observation will remain comparable to that in those undergoing immediate 3-DCRT.     

Clinical study of prostate cancer: statistical analysis of 107 cases in the past 12 years

One hundred and seven patients with prostate cancer were treated at Mie University Hospital during the past 12 years between 1988 and 1999. They were between 53 and 83 years old, with an average age of 70.8 years old. The clinical stage was defined as A, B, C and D in 3 (2.8%), 19 (17.8%), 50 (46.7%) and 35 (32.7%) patients, respectively. At initial diagnosis, the tumor was well, moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 26 (24.3%), 47 (43.9%) and 34 (31.8%) patients, respectively. The median follow-up period was 52.3 months. The overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 98.0%, 86.8% and 75.2%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates for stage A, B, C and D were 100%, 93.8%, 82.1% and 56.9%, respectively. A significant difference (p = 0.017) in 5-year survival rate was noted between stage C and D. The 5-year survival rate was 100% for well differentiated, 78.0% for moderately differentiated, and 53.2% for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. A significant difference (p = 0.0016) in the 5-year survival rate was noted between well differentiated and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. According to the therapy, the 5-year survival rate in stage C was 86.2% for the radical prostatectomy group and 84.0% for the endocrine therapy group. There was no significant difference between these 2 treatment groups. Endocrine therapies, classified into maximum androgen blockade (MAB) and endocrine therapy other than MAB were performed for stage D as an initial therapy. Although the prognosis in the patients treated with MAB was better than that with other endocrine therapies, there was no significant difference between these 2 endocrine treatment groups.