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1.
挤压螺钉固定自体髌韧带重建前交叉韧带的生物力学研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
目的 :对挤压螺钉固定自体骨 髌韧带 骨 (B PT B)移植重建前交叉韧带 (ACL)术进行生物力学评价。方法 :对正常和挤压螺钉固定自体B PT B移植重建ACL术后状态的 6例新鲜尸体标本 ,进行膝关节屈曲 15°、3 0°、90°胫骨前移刚度和屈膝 90°胫骨前移强度测试。结果 :挤压螺钉固定自体B PT B移植重建ACL术后 ,膝关节成屈曲状态时胫骨前移刚度明显大于正常状态 ;强度则明显小于正常状态 ,约为其3 2 %。结论 :挤压螺钉固定自体B PT B移植重建ACL术后可早期开始非负重功能锻炼 ,肌力锻炼以闭链训练为宜。  相似文献   

2.
膝关节前交叉韧带的解剖学观测   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
在50侧尸体膝关节上,对前交叉韧带的股骨附着区、胫骨附着区、长度、方向和宽度进行了形态学测量,提供了详细的数据。股骨附着区呈椭圆形,胫骨附着区似三角形。前交叉韧带本身呈50°扭曲状态,随屈膝程度的增加,其扭曲程度也增加,这种变化的幅度,在韧带表面的纤维较中心部位者为大,这与前交叉韧带两附着区的形态有密切关系,尤其是股骨附着区。  相似文献   

3.
髌韧带移植重建交叉韧带距离及其临床意义   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
ObjectiveTo study the location and the length of cruciate ligament transposed from patellar ligament and the clinical significance.MethodsThe location of the reconstructed cruciate ligament and the bone-patellar ligament-bone (B-PL-B) were measured on 18 knees of fresh cadavers.ResultsThe lengths of reconstructed anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and of the bone-patellar-bone were 22.5±0.9 mm,29.0±2.5 mm and 41.0±4.0 mm respectively.ConslusionsThe length of the patellar ligament is enough for the reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments.The locations and the lengths of the reconstructed ligaments play an important role in functional recovery and stabilization of the joint.  相似文献   

4.
目的 评价关节镜下用自体1/3髌骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带的技术和疗效。 方法 自2003年1月至2010年1月对35例前交叉韧带断裂患者行关节镜下自体髌骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带术,其中男22例,女13例,年龄23.0岁(20.0 -28.0岁),左膝关节18例,右膝17例。35例患者均为急性损伤,受伤前均为体育运动爱好者。 结果 随访1-6年,平均3.0年,采用lysholm评分标准评价膝关节功能,术前平均59.40分(45-81分),术后平均91.80分(72-100分),术后与术前相比有显著差异性(p<0.5)。35例患者术后均无前叉韧带再断裂,术后34例恢复受伤前运动水平,1例运动水平较受伤前降低。术后1年有2例患者在膝极度屈曲位时有轻微膝前疼痛,但对运动水平无显著影响。 结论 关节镜下自体髌骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带是一种微创有效的手术方法,尤其对年轻、活动量大、要求早期恢复高强度运动的患者是一种较佳的选择。  相似文献   

5.
膝关节是人体最复杂的关节。前交叉韧带对维持膝关节正常生物力学功能是必须的。前交叉韧带损伤是一种常见的严重膝关节损伤,若未得到及时治疗,势必造成膝关节的不稳定,进而导致继发半月板损伤和骨性关节炎。前交叉韧带损伤的修复方法有很多种,重建的材料也有多种。自Wittek1935年首次介绍髌韧带重建前交叉韧带以来,髌韧带作为前交叉韧带比较理想的代替材料已被外科医生广泛接受。本院自1989年以来共有26例采用此方法重建前交叉韧带,均取得满意疗效。  相似文献   

6.
膝关节前交叉韧带与后交叉韧带粘弹性实验研究   总被引:26,自引:3,他引:23  
研究了10具新鲜成人尸体膝关节前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带的拉伸力学性质和粘弹性力学性质,对前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带进行单向拉伸实验,得出了破坏载荷,强度极限、最大应变、伸长比、弹性模量.对前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带进行应力松弛,蠕变实验,得出了应力松弛、蠕变实验数据和曲线.对实验数据进行归一化处理,得出了归一化应力松弛函数,蠕变函数,以回归分析的方法处理实验数据,得出了回归系数,很好的拟合了实验曲线.实验结果表明:前交叉韧带的拉伸强度极限、最大应变等大于后交叉韧带,后交叉韧带7200s应力松弛、蠕变量小于前交叉韧带.  相似文献   

7.
膝关节前交叉韧带的损伤及修复   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文就膝关节前交叉韧带附着部位、运动状态及其损伤后检查等作一综述。 L achmann试验对前交叉韧带损伤诊断有重要临床诊断价值。利用自身材料 (如髌腱、股薄肌腱、半腱肌肌腱 )转移重建前交叉韧带 ,手术时间应在伤后 4~ 8周内进行 ,并提出以这些组织结构修复前交叉韧带出现的弊端 ,以及以髂胫束作为替代物的可能性。  相似文献   

8.
背景:关节镜辅助下重建前交叉韧带的移植物主要有自体移植物、同种异体移植物和人工韧带3种,关于移植物的选择,存在较多争议。 目的:评估自体健侧腘绳肌腱和同种异体肌腱两种移植物在膝关节前交叉韧带重建中的效果。 方法:纳入2007-01/2009-01在承德医学院附属医院骨科就诊的经关节镜检查证实为前交叉韧带损伤的患者70例(70膝),分别采用自体健侧腘绳肌腱和同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带,记录膝关节Lysholm功能评分、KT-1000测量值及不良反应。 结果与结论:患者随访18~24个月,均未发生血管神经损伤,无感染、植入物断裂等并发症;同种异体肌腱移植患者有2例膝关节引流管口持续渗出,经换药半月后愈合,其余切口均一期愈合。末次随访时,自体健侧腘绳肌腱和同种异体肌腱重建患者的Lysholm评分均显著提高,双侧膝关节前向松弛度差值显著减少,且两种方法比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明应用自体健侧腘绳肌腱与同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带疗效相当,效果满意。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨国人后交叉韧带的分束情况,对前外侧束和后内侧束的止点进行观测,掌握更为详细的解剖学资料,为临床双束重建后交叉韧带提供解剖学基础。 方法 30例膝关节标本,将后交叉韧带分为前外侧束和后内侧束,对双束股骨及胫骨端止点进行标记和解剖学观测。 结果 后交叉韧带的双束股骨止点中点至股骨内髁关节软骨前缘的距离分别为(8.52±1.81)mm和(11.63±1.81)mm,至股骨髁间窝顶的垂直距离分别为(4.67±0.55)mm和(10.32±1.23)mm;胫骨止点中点至胫骨关节面的垂直距离分别为(8.43±1.21)mm和(14.52±2.31)mm,至胫骨内侧软骨边缘的距离分别为(47.44±6.23)mm和(45.95±6.32)mm。双束股骨附丽区面积分别为(107.12±15.25)mm2和(65.35±10.27)mm2;胫骨附丽区面积分别为(50.07±11.33)mm2和(51.08±10.22)mm2。 结论 揭示了后交叉韧带双束止点的解剖学特点,为临床应用提供解剖学基础。  相似文献   

10.
关节镜下重建前交叉韧带的移植物有十几种可供选取,但目前尚无一种理想的移植物可以适应所有的患者。自体骨-髌腱-骨,腘绳肌腱,异体骨-髌腱-骨是关节镜医生最常选用的三种移植物。因受供端并发症的影响,自体骨-髌腱-骨的应用已呈减少趋势,而后两者因不存在供端并发症,创伤更小,也足以恢复膝关节的稳定性,应用呈增多趋势。  相似文献   

11.
We have reviewed 74 patients, at an average follow-up of nearly 3 years, following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the central third of the patellar tendon to assess the incidence and severity of anterior knee symptoms, not only pain but also other symptoms related to the front of the knee. Sixty-two percent of patients had some degree of pain. In addition, there was numbness in 85%, patello-femoral crepitus in 47% and swelling in 26% of patients. Only one patient felt that the front of the knee was normal. Eleven percent felt that these symptoms were a significant problem.  相似文献   

12.
TD Zavras  RP Mackenney  AA Amis   《The Knee》1995,2(4):211-217
The purpose of this study was to review the results of ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon graft placed ‘over the top’ plus a Macintosh lateral tenodesis, examining changes in knee laxity and functional status with increasing time. There were 74 patients operated on over an 11 year period, and divided into four groups for analysis according to postoperative time. There was a significant and progressive increase in side-to-side laxity difference with time, although functional status did not change significantly, indicating a lack of correlation between objective clinical tests and subjective findings. The highest Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC scores were at 4–5 years after operation, when 60% of patients were at their pre-injury level of sports activity. However, there was always a very significant difference between actual and desired Tegner activity levels for the group as a whole. While there was a significant correlation between degenerative changes and the time between injury and reconstruction, there was no correlation with postoperative time: this provides evidence that ACL reconstruction can protect the knee from later degeneration.  相似文献   

13.
背景:间歇性负压被证实可以促进软组织修复及骨愈合,但其对交叉韧带重建后腱-骨愈合的影响尚未见报道。 目的:观察间歇性负压对兔前交叉韧带重建后腱-骨愈合及肌腱移植物生物力学的影响。 方法:取24只新西兰大白兔制备自体半腱肌前交叉韧带重建模型,随机取一侧后腿作为负压侧,负压侧关节通过引流管接微型负压吸引器,并维持低强度、间歇性负压;对侧后腿作为对照,接普通引流管。5 d后两侧同时拔除吸引管。造模后6周,取关节液检测白细胞介素1β的表达水平;取股骨-韧带-胫骨复合体行肌腱移植物拉力测定和腱-骨界面组织学观察。 结果与结论:1只兔关节感染,最终23只兔进入结果分析。拉力测定结果显示,负压组完全断裂所需拉力显著大于对照组(P < 0.05)。组织学观察结果发现,负压组成骨细胞数目显著多于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。关节液检测结果提示负压组关节滑液中白细胞介素1β含量低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。提示间歇性负压可能在前交叉韧带重建后腱-骨愈合、肌腱移植物的塑性过程中扮演着积极作用。  相似文献   

14.
背景:前交叉韧带重建后感染的发生率比较低,但这种感染会导致灾难性的结果,目前对这种感染的诊断和治疗还没有取得一致的意见。 目的:探讨导致前交叉韧带重建术后感染的原因、如何早期诊断,并探讨合适的治疗方案,以尽量保护膝关节的功能。 方法:以“anterior cruciate ligament, reconstruction, infection”为检索词,检索Pubmed数据库(2007至2012年);以“前交叉韧带,重建,感染”为检索词,检索万方数据库(2007至2012年)。以与前交叉韧带重建后感染的相关文献为评价指标,纳入与前交叉韧带重建后感染相关的内容,排除重复研究。 结果与结论:细菌污染手术工具或者韧带移植物是导致前交叉韧带重建后感染的最常见原因,移植物固定的方式和重建后感染之间可能有一定的关系。典型的前交叉韧带重建术后感染的症状和普通的化脓性关节炎的症状类似,但有的前交叉韧带重建后感染的病例并没有感染的典型表现。前交叉韧带重建后感染的诊断需要依靠临床症状、实验室检查(C-反应蛋白和血沉)、膝关节穿刺等方法。大多数外科医师选择静脉使用敏感的抗生素、膝关节灌洗并保留移植物作为自体移植物重建前交叉韧带后感染的首选治疗方法。当感染难以控制或者移植物看起来确实有感染迹象时应该考虑取出移植物。  相似文献   

15.

Background

The effects of retaining residual bundles on surgical outcomes has not been observed, so we evaluated the effects of preoperative knee laxity on clinical outcomes after partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for partial ACL rupture in this study.

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of preoperative knee laxity on clinical outcomes after partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for partial ACL rupture.

Methods

The data of 47 patients, who had partial ACL rupture and underwent partial ACL reconstruction, were retrospectively analyzed. According to preoperative kneelax arthrometer and pivot shift test, the 47 patients were divided into group A (kneelax arthrometer ≤ 5 mm and pivot shift test < II grade, n = 26) and group B (kneelax arthrometer > 5 mm and/or pivot shift test ≥ II grade, n = 21). The minimum follow-up duration lasted 2 years. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) scoring systems, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity rating, Lachman test, Pivot shift test and the kneelax arthrometer.

Results

The function and stability examinations for the affected knee joint were significantly improved in both groups after partial ACL reconstruction as compared with preoperative ones (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the post-operative Lysholm and Tegner scores, Lachman and Pivot shift test results between both groups (all P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the post-operative IKDC scoring system and kneelax arthrometer examination result (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In the patients with partial ACL rupture, the mechanical strength of the remnant ligament has significant influence on the therapeutic effects of partial reconstruction. The patients with kneelax arthrometer > 5 mm and/or pivot shift test ≥ II grade still have anterior instability in the affected knee after partial reconstruction.  相似文献   

16.
目的探讨采用自体腘绳肌腱重建交叉韧带时取自体腘绳肌腱引起小腿皮肤感觉障碍的原因。方法进行尸体解剖,测量腘绳肌腱与隐神经及其分支密切并行的长度,研究隐神经及其分支对下肢支配区域的分布情况。对2010年7月~2011年12月间在我院采用自体腘绳肌腱重建交叉韧带的30例患者作为研究对象进行回顾性的研究,术后随访6个月。30例患者中有8例﹙27%﹚出现小腿皮肤感觉障碍。对术后1周、1月、3月及6月的感觉障碍区域进行对比观察以明确是否为神经损伤,并对术后1周的感觉障碍的区域进行象限分析。结果尸体解剖发现在大腿的远端,股薄肌﹙GT﹚与隐神经的主干密切伴行的长度为4.2cm。8例出现小腿皮肤感觉障碍患者症状缓解的时间与神经损伤的修复时间基本一致,故可以判定患者的感觉障碍是由神经损伤而导致的。其中出现在隐神经髌下支﹙Theinfrapatellarbranchofthesaphenous nerve,IPBSN﹚所支配区域的小腿皮肤感觉障碍的患者7例,而感觉障碍超出IPBSN所支配区域的患者有1例。结论在采用自体腘绳肌腱重建交叉韧带的手术中,引起小腿皮肤感觉障碍的主要原因是IPBSN的损伤,但也可能是隐神经终末支﹙The sartorialbranchofthesaphenousnerve,SBSN﹚或隐神经主干的损伤。  相似文献   

17.
There is currently no method to quantify the quality of the harvested graft before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to explore a method for measuring stiffness of the normal tendon of the semitendinosus muscle using shear wave elastography (SWE). Our investigation comprised two steps. First, we determined orientation of the semitendinosus tendon fibers in 20 lower legs of embalmed cadavers. Second, we investigated the feasibility of quantifying stiffness of the normal semitendinosus tendon by SWE in 24 subjects (48 legs: 24 male and 24 female subjects) in vivo. Measured values were compared between male and female subjects. The point at the intersection of the semitendinosus tendon with the axial section through the center of the patella mostly was the middle of the semitendinosus tendon in the cadavers. The SWE modulus in all of the subjects could be measured on this point in vivo. The SWE modulus of males and females were 474.0 ± 71.9 kPa and 396.9 ± 104.5 kPa, respectively. The SWE modulus of males was significantly larger than that of females (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that stiffness of the tendon of the semitendinosus muscle can be measured by SWE. It also shows that tendon of the semitendinosus muscle in males is stiffer than in females. Clin. Anat. 31:404–408, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

18.

Backgroud

To determine whether anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (DB-ACLR) can restore the native ACL volume, and whether the volume change after reconstruction affects clinical outcomes and re-rupture rates following the contemporary techniques.

Methods

Eighty patients undergoing anatomic DB-ACLR using transportal or outside-in technique were prospectively evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after surgery. The ACL volumes were determined from 3-D models constructed by applying reverse engineering software. In all participants, measured reconstructed ACL volume were compared with the ACL on the opposite uninjured side. Participants were divided into two groups according to the volume of reconstructed graft; larger volume than native ACL of contra-lateral side (Group 1) or smaller (Group 2).

Results

The mean ACL volume on the reconstructed side (1726.5 mm3, 982.1 - 2733.8) was significantly smaller than that on the uninjured opposite side (1857.6 mm3, 958.2 - 2871.5) (P < 0.001). A total of 31 patients in Group 1 and 49 in Group 2 showed no significant difference of improvement in the clinical outcome scales at the postoperative two-year follow-up (Lysholm knee score, P = 0.830, Tegner activity score, P = 0.848). Four patients with ACL re-rupture during the two-year follow-up after reconstruction had smaller reconstructed ACL volumes than native ligament on the opposite site.

Conclusion

Anatomic DB-ACLR technique restored the graft volume rather smaller than the volume of the native ACL. Based on the volumetric consideration, graft reconstructed by anatomic DB-ACLR might have increased probability of re-rupture due to its smaller volume related to native ACL on the contralateral side.  相似文献   

19.
腓骨长肌腱转移重建膝交叉韧带的应用解剖   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
在30例成年下肢标本,观测了腓骨长肌形态、血管和神经.肌腱平均长13.5cm,肌腱与交叉韧带横经相近.自入肌的最低神经与血管分支处,将肌腹和肌腱逆转向上,可超出膝关节间隙14.7cm.采用腓骨长肌腱转位重建膝关节交叉韧带是可行的,肌腱游离度大,可作单条或多条韧带损伤重建.  相似文献   

20.
背景:以往治疗膝关节交叉韧带损伤的主要手段是移植重建,最常用的移植材料为自体的骨髌腱骨、半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱。但由于此类移植物存在取材区并发症及韧带化过程中的各种问题,近年来人工韧带的研究受到重视。 目的:认识膝关节交叉韧带的结构及血供特点,以及膝关节交叉韧带损伤后人工韧带重建治疗机制与临床应用特点。 方法:①分析膝关节前、后交叉韧带的组织结构,功能学特点以及血供差异。②分析膝关节前、后交叉韧带损伤的类型及生物力学机制。③分析修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤的材料学分类及特点。④分析人工韧带修复后影响关节稳定性的因素。 结果与结论:修复膝关节前、后交叉韧带损伤时,应首先考虑到前、后交叉韧带的功能及血供情况,选择合适的重建物,使重建时过程简化,操作简单,重建材料的组织相容性较好,达到修复后的解剖与功能的双重建。  相似文献   

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