共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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以广州市番禺区猛涌村生活垃圾为研究对象,采用生物稳定化技术,通过12d高温发酵,12d后熟化,12d最终熟化的堆肥方式来处理研究,结果表明:温度能达到60℃至少10d以上,使堆肥无害化;水分在堆肥结束时为29.7%,pH为7.87,水溶性碳(wsc)为4.45g/kg,堆肥腐熟度好。浸提液NH3-N浓度为15.1mg/L,是峰值(93.8mg/L)的16.1%;COD浓度1770mg/L,为峰值(16266mg/L)的10.9%,生活垃圾污染潜力大大消减,稳定性提高。筛分后的堆肥产品,总养分含量(N+P20,+K:0)超过4%。 相似文献
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强制通风堆肥技术处理农村生活垃圾的可行性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对北京市海淀区北部新区农村生活垃圾中的有机成分进行3组不同物料配比的堆肥试验,在堆肥周期内对堆体的理化性质、腐熟度指标与控制参数进行了研究.结果表明:农村生活垃圾中的有机成分含水率偏高,不利于直接堆肥.采用强制通风静态好氧堆肥,堆肥过程中温度、含水率、体积、pH、电导率、碳氮比的变化与一般堆肥过程各参数的变化规律相似,... 相似文献
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城市污泥反应器堆肥实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用强制通风好氧静态方式对城市污泥进行堆肥实验,结果表明:通过调节城市污泥水分和C/N,经过好氧反应器堆肥处理,污泥有机质发生降解,TN、TP和TK含量都呈上升趋势,VS和有机碳分别达到60%和30%的稳定状态,种子发芽指数达到100%左右,有效杀灭病原菌,实现城市污泥无害化、稳定化和减量化的要求.腐熟的污泥堆肥成为高价值的农用产品. 相似文献
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基于生活垃圾/深度脱水污泥夹心式共填埋的工程实践,考察了该技术对填埋渗沥液水质特性的影响。以化学需氧量(CODCr)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、可生化性(B/C)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)和p H为评价指标,对共填埋作业阶段、封场阶段填埋库区的渗沥液进行采样监测。结果显示:生活垃圾/深度脱水污泥夹心式共填埋可有效降解有机物,封场稳定后渗沥液CODCr水平在3 000 mg/L以下,去除率达95.5%;渗沥液可生化性较好,监测后期B/C维持在0.3以上;监测后期NH3-N和TP浓度分别为1 700 mg/L和28 mg/L,较生活垃圾和污泥单独填埋渗沥液低;共填埋渗沥液p H水平呈中性,利于后续生物处理。 相似文献
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以天津市大港区污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,利用兼性厌氧堆肥装置,研究了污泥堆肥前后温度、含水率、有机质、氮、磷、钾以及pH等指标的变化。结果表明:采用污泥与锯末的体积比为1∶1的堆肥,控制初始含水率为65%左右,可顺利实现升温。堆肥15d后,物料的含水率、有机质明显降低;总氮、总磷及总钾的含量有不同程度的增加,符合绿地施用的要求。经计算得出由N决定的污泥堆肥年施用量为32.77t/hm2。 相似文献
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Charles G. Manos Kusum J. Patel-Mandlik Donald J. Lisk 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》1992,23(2):266-269
Composting of yard waste, sewage sludge and municipal solid waste (MSW) for subsequent application to soils in agricultural, horticultural and recreational areas is being promoted nationwide. Since asbestos is a common contaminant in sewage sludge, an analytical survey was conducted for the presence of asbestos in composts collected from 26 communities nationwide resulting from sludge as well as yard waste and municipal solid waste. Asbestos was detected in 12 of the 26 composts or 46%. Asbestos was most consistently present in compost resulting from source material containing MSW and to a lesser extent sewage sludge rather than yard waste. The possible origins of asbestos in the compost source material, the mechanisms by which humans may be exposed, and the health significance are discussed. 相似文献
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Donald J. Lisk Walter H. Gutenmann Michael Rutzke H. Thomas Kuntz Gordon Chu 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》1992,22(2):190-194
Currently, there is much activity in composting yard wastes (leaves, twigs, grass), sewage sludge and portions of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in the United States. The resultant compost is typically applied to agricultural or recreational land. A nationwide analytical survey was therefore conducted of 21 toxic and nutrient elements, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and gamma emission in 26 composts sampled nationwide in 1991. Those composts produced solely from sludge or MSW tended to be higher in metals such as Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn as compared to totally yard waste compost. Molybdenum, P and Se were higher in composted sewage sludge and Na and Pb in composted MSW than in yard waste compost. PCBs and gamma emission were low or not detectable in most compost samples. Shards of metal and glass found particularly in MSW-containing composts would detract from its application especially in recreational areas. References dealing with the reactions of metals in composts and environmental effects of compost application to land are cited. 相似文献
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With the increasingly growing global production of sewage sludge, evaluation of its applicability in agriculture and land
restoration is essential. This study assessed the potential effects of composting process and fly ash amendment on soil-ameliorating
properties of sewage sludge. The metal availability and phytotoxicity of ash-amended sludge compost (AS, mature sewage sludge
compost mixed with fresh lagoon ash) and sludge-ash co-compost (SA, co-composted mixture of sewage sludge and lagoon ash)
were compared. The results of this work suggested that both composts favored the applicability of sewage sludge for land application
by reducing Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn availability. The SA co-compost stimulated seed germination at ash amendment rates of ≤10%,
whereas various treatments of AS compost inhibited germination at an extract dilution of 50%. Amendment of lagoon ash before
or after sludge composting increased electrical conductivity (EC) and volatilization of NH4-N, but lowered availability of PO4-P. Together with the results of phytotoxicity, an optimal ash amendment rate of 5% for AS and 10% for SA were most desirable.
Alkaline amendment prior to sludge composting was recommended, because it could be more effective in reducing soluble and
plant-available metal concentrations through the composting process.
Received: 1 October 1999/Accepted: 31 May 2000 相似文献
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目的了解膜生物反应池和次氯酸钠消毒对医院污水的净化效果.方法于2005年5月,检测天津医科大学总医院污水处理站的污水处理效果.在污水经膜生物反应池处理前后及次氯酸钠消毒后分别取水样测定pH值、悬浮物、CODCr、BOD5,氨氮、粪大肠菌群及余氯.结果经膜生物反应池处理后,悬浮物、CODCr、BOD5、氨氮、粪大肠菌群的去除率分别为82.25%,80.25%,75.52%,75.84%,96.75%;经次氯酸钠消毒后,水中粪大肠菌群的去除率为99.96%,余氯为3.4mg/L.结论膜生物反应器结合次氯酸钠消毒的方法对医院污水有很好的净化效果,达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准. 相似文献
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1. Experiments involving 15N and 14C tracers were made in sheep consuming 800 g air-dry chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay/d and providing 20.4 g N/d to study N and C flows within the caecal digesta and between the caecum, blood and rumen. 2. Continuous infusions of 15N tracers were made into the caecal ammonia, blood urea and rumen NH3 pools. The concentration and enrichment of caecal digesta NH3-N, caecal microbial N, caecal digesta non-urea, non-ammonia-N (NU-NAN), faecal NU-NAN, blood urea-N, rumen digesta NH3-N and rumen bacterial N were estimated at intervals during the infusions. A three-pool open-compartment model was solved to estimate N flows between the caecal digesta NH3-N, blood urea-N and rumen digesta NH3-N pools. 3. The rate of irreversible loss from the caecal digesta NH3-N pool was 2.17 (SE 0.623) g N/d. On average 0.9 (SE 0.56) g N/d of caecal digesta NH3-N was derived from blood urea and 0.1 (SE 0.08) g caecal digesta NH3-N/d was apparently derived from the fermentation of undigested rumen microbes in the caecum. The amount of NH3-N produced by proteolysis and deamination of dietary and endogenous N was 1.1 (SE 0.13) g/d. 4. There was net incorporation of 0.56 (SE 0.306) g caecal digesta NH3-N/d into caecal microbes. The microbial N synthesized de novo in the caecum was not determined, but 2.9 (SE 0.52) g microbial N/d of both rumen and caecal origin flowed out of the caecum and constituted 0.48 of the NU-NAN flow. The majority (mean 0.83 (SE 0.044] of this microbial N was excreted in faeces. 5. On average 1.8 (SE 0.80) g caecal digesta NH3-N/d were absorbed. Of this NH3-N, 0.92 (SE 0.054) was converted to blood urea, contributing 0.10 (SE 0.031) of blood urea-N. Only 0.012 (SE 0.0041) of rumen digesta NH3-N and 0.005 (SE 0.0009) of rumen bacterial N were derived from caecal digesta NH3-N. 6. Infusions of 14C tracers were made into the caecal digesta bicarbonate, blood bicarbonate, rumen digesta bicarbonate and blood urea pools, and samples were obtained at intervals to determine the specific radioactivity of each pool. A four-pool open-compartment model was solved to estimate C flows between these pools. 7. The rate of irreversible loss of blood urea estimated with [14C]urea (17.1 (SE 1.18) g N/d) was greater (P less than 0.01) than that estimated with [15N]urea (14.0 (SE 0.87) g N/d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
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Moore JE Watabe M Stewart A Cherie Millar B Rao JR 《Ecotoxicology and environmental safety》2009,72(1):144-153
Maturing compost heaps normally attaining temperatures ranging from 55 to 65 degrees C is generally regarded to conform to recommended biological risks and sanitation standards for composts stipulated by either EU or US-EPA. Composted products derived from animal sources are further required by EU biohazard safety regulatory legislation that such composts either attain 70 degrees C for over 3h during maturation or via treatment at 70 degrees C for 1h before being considered for dispensation on land. The setting of the upper limit of thermal lethality at 70 degrees C/1h for achieving biosecurity of the animal waste composted products (e.g. pelleted fertilizer formulations) is not properly substantiated by specific validation tests, comprising a 'wipe-out' step (usually via autoclaving) followed by inoculation of a prescribed bacterium, exposure to 70 degrees C/1h and the lethality determined. Pelleted formulations of composts are not amenable for wet methods (autoclaving) for wipe-out sterilization step as this is detrimental to the pellet and compromises sample integrity. This study describes a laboratory method involving the employment of ((60)Co) irradiation 'wipe-out' step to: (a) compost sub-samples drawn from compost formulation heaps and (b) pelleted products derived from composted animal products while determining the thermal lethality of a given time/temperature (70 degrees C/1h) treatment process and by challenging the irradiated sample (not just with one bacterium but), out with 10 potential food-poisoning organisms from the bacterial genera (Campylobacter, Escherichia, Listeria, Salmonella, Yersinia) frequently detected in pig and poultry farm wastes. This challenge test on compost sub-samples can be a useful intervention ploy for 'inspection and validation' technique for composters during the compost maturity process, whose attainment of temperatures of 55-65 degrees C is presumed sufficient for attainment of sanitation. Stringent measures are further required by law for composted products arising from rural industrialists producing pelleted fertilizers from re-composted animal agriculture wastes comprising pig slurry solids, poultry litter and spent mushroom compost, which carry residual food-borne pathogens with implications to the food chain including humans. Environmentally, sustainable means of recycling farm wastes require that final composted products are free of pathogens in compliance with environmental safety legislation before their release to the market. This test developed provides a science-based risk characterization tool for sustainably managing environmental safety by 'validating' thermal lethality of a given composting process or their derivatives achieved without compromising the sample integrity or ambiguity attached to microbiological validation involving steam sterilization or autoclaving procedures and helps audit the resurgent bacterial populations from surviving non-pathogenic organisms in the end-products of animal waste compost formulations. 相似文献
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Donald J. Lisk Walter H. Gutenmann Michael Rutzke H. Thomas Kuntz G. James Doss 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》1992,22(4):380-383
Samples of yard waste compost and sewage sludge compost were analyzed for toxic and nutrient elements and PCBs to assess variations in their concentrations as a function of the time of delivery of the initial organic material to the same composting site. In general, the variations in composition found were remarkably small. Generally, the samples of sludge compost were higher in Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Se, Zn, and PCBs than those of the yard waste compost. The latter was higher in Cr, Ni, K, Mg, and Si. Possible factors affecting compost composition are discussed. 相似文献