乙型肝炎病毒感染患者进行异基因造血干细胞移植的安全性评价

目的:对伴有乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的恶性血液病患者抗病毒治疗后进行异基因造血干细胞移植(allo- HSCT)的安全性进行评价.方法:allo- HSCT患者45例,均为HBV感染的恶性血液病患者,移植前感染HBV的患者和供者均给予拉米夫定和(或)阿德福韦/恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗;移植前对HBV-DNA的拷贝数进行评估...     

拉米夫定对异基因造血干细胞移植患者乙型肝炎病毒再激活的预防作用

目的探讨拉米夫定对异基因造血干细胞移植患者乙型肝炎病毒再激活的预防作用。方法2003年1月至2004年1月南京市鼓楼医院血液科3例行异基因造血干细胞移植的白血病患者中,2例乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性,HBV DNA分别为4.75×106拷贝·mL-1和1.15×106拷贝·mL-1。另1例HBsAg阴性,但其供者HBsAg阳性,HBV DNA为3.48×107拷贝·mL-1。对2例HBsAg阳性受者,移植前用拉米夫定;对HbsAg阴性受者干细胞回输时开始用拉米夫定,剂量均为0.1g每日1次,用至移植后1年。结果其中1例HBsAg阳性患者在移植后1个月内HBV DNA较高,波动于(1~1.2)×105拷贝·mL-1,1个月后HBV DNA降低,<3×104拷贝·mL-1。移植后1周丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高,最高达152U/L,持续1周后恢复正常。另1例移植后HBV DNA较低,持续<1×105拷贝·mL-1。无明显肝功能损害,ALT最高达56U/L。接受供者HB-sAg阳性患者移植后HBeAb阳性,HBcAb阳性,HBV DNA<1×103拷贝·mL-1。移植后10dALT升高,最高达205U/L,持续1周后恢复正常。3例患者长期服用拉米夫定耐受性好,无明显毒副反应。结论初步观察表明,拉米夫定可以预防异基因造血干细胞移植患者乙型肝炎病毒再激活,无明显毒副反应。     

肝炎病毒基因工程抗体的研究

0引言乙型病毒性肝炎?丙型病毒性肝炎分别是由乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染引起的世界性传染病[1-10].HBV?HCV感染不仅引起急性?慢性病毒性肝炎,而且与肝硬化和肝细胞癌的发生和发展密切相关[11-20].流行病学调查表明,HB V感染的阳性率为10%,抗-HCV的阳性率为3.2%,对我国人民健康危害极大.因此,急需研究有效的针对乙型?丙型病毒性肝炎的防治措施.其中肝炎病毒人源化基因工程抗体及其应用是目前的主要研究方向之一.1乙型肝炎病毒?丙型肝炎病毒基因工程抗体的研究背景目前在我国引起慢性病毒性肝炎的肝炎病毒类型主要是H…     

重症病毒性肝炎的病原学研究

对79例亚急性及慢性重型病毒性肝炎(重肝)进行了肝炎病毒标志的研究,结果发现:甲型肝炎病毒抗体(抗HAV)IgM阳性8例(10.12%);HBsAg和(或)抗HBcIgM阳性76例(96.20%);丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗HCV)阳性41例(51.89%),其中35例合并乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染,5例与HAV和(或)HBV     

拉米夫定预防乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性肾移植受者肝衰竭

目的探讨肾移植后肝衰竭的病因,观察拉米夫定对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)标志物阳性者肾移植后肝衰竭的防治作用。方法分析未应用拉米夫定治疗的21例HBV感染肾移植受者和应用拉米夫定治疗的18例HBV感染肾移植受者的临床资料,比较肝衰竭的发生率和病死率。结果对照组21例,经保肝及降低基础免疫抑制治疗后肝功能恢复正常11例,因肝功能衰竭死亡者5例。治疗组18例,应用拉米夫定后16例肝功能恢复正常,无一例发生肝功能衰竭和死亡。结论肝炎病毒感染与肾移植后肝衰竭密切相关,有效的抗病毒治疗能降低肾移植后肝衰竭的发生率和病死率。     

2008年本刊一些常用词汇可直接用缩写

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)乙型肝炎病毒e抗体(抗-HBe)甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)干扰素(IFN)白细胞介素(IL)肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)计算机断层扫描(CT)磁共振成像(M     

病毒性肝炎基因治疗研究的现状

世界大多数国家人群中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染率较高且极易慢性化,是导致慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌的主要原因,严重威胁人们健康,而我国是HBV、HCV感染的高发区。虽然近年在病毒性肝炎的抗病毒治疗方面取得了令人欣喜的进展,但目前临床上应用的抗病毒药物的不良反应较大,且获得的病毒持续抑制率并不令人满意。     

HCV HBV感染与肝细胞性肝癌

调查了肝癌高发地区不同肝病患者中丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染率。慢性肝病患者绝大多数已被乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染。HCV第二代抗体阳性率,肝癌7.3％,肝硬化6.6％,慢性肝炎6.6％和急性肝炎3.4％。两种病毒的复合感染率,肝癌5.1％,肝硬化1.7％,慢性肝炎3.9％和急性肝炎1.1％。在38例HCV抗体阳性的慢性肝病患者中,ALT异常84.2％,有输血史者占57.9％,HCV-RNA阳性率为71.1％。本研究的资料分析提示,在肝癌高发地区尽管HCV抗体阳性率较低,但HCV感染也是肝癌发生的重要病因之一。     

慢性肝炎干扰素治疗的研究进展

慢性病毒性肝炎是我国肝硬变和肝细胞癌的主要病因之一。引起慢性病毒性肝炎的病毒主要为乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)。甲型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒仅引起急性、自限性的疾病。庚型肝炎病毒感染也可有慢性携带状态,但其在慢性肝病中的作用尚待证实。     

合并乙型肝炎病毒感染的异基因造血干细胞移植患者术后乙型肝炎复发的临床及病理特点

研究旨在报道4例合并乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)患者，乙型肝炎复发的临床和肝组织病理情况，其中2例诊断为纤维淤胆性肝炎。总结HSCT患者乙型肝炎复发临床、病理、发病机制及自然史的特点。     

Hepatitis E Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in Turkey

BackgroundHepatitis E virus is a re-emerging pathogen with an increase in human cases that can lead to chronic infection in immunosuppressed patients. Turkey is located between Asia and Europe, 2 regions with distinct epidemiological and clinical features of hepatitis E virus infection. This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in liver and kidney transplant recipients in Turkey and to determine the role of possible transmission factors.MethodsA total of 485 plasma samples of solid organ recipients were collected from 7 transplantation centers in Turkey. Samples were tested for anti-hepatitis E virus immunoglobin M, immunoglobin G, and hepatitis E virus ribonucleic acid. Water- and food-related risk factors were evaluated by a questionnaire.ResultsSamples of 300 kidney and 185 liver recipients were collected. Hepatitis E virus ribonucleic acid was tested in 472 samples and none were positive. Anti-hepatitis E virus immunoglobin G and immunoglobin M were detected in 84 (17.3%) and 3 (0.6%) patients, respectively. Seropositivity was associated with older age, male gender, being a liver recipient, and being infected with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus. None of the patients under the age of 30 were seropositive. Hepatitis E virus immunoglobin G prevalence was higher in the Central East and Southeast Anatolia. Eating raw meat was the only independent variable associated with hepatitis E virus seropositivity.ConclusionThis is the first prevalence study of hepatitis E virus infection in solid organ recipients in Turkey. Anti-hepatitis E virus immunoglobin G prevalence was 17.3% which was higher than the previously reported rate in blood donors. Seropositivity was significantly higher in liver recipients. Despite the high antibody prevalence, none of the patients were viremic.     

Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donor graft using hepatitis B immune globulin and lamivudine in living donor liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic grafts from hepatitis B surface antigen-negative and anti-core antibody (HBcAb)-positive donors have been shown to transmit hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recently, it has been reported that combined hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and lamivudine therapy is effective in the prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In this report, we assessed the efficacy of combined HBIG and lamivudine therapy in preventing HBV transmission by graft with HBcAb-positive donors. METHODS: We studied 22 patients who had undergone LDLT with allografts from HBcAb-positive living donors at Gunma University Hospital and Kyushu University Hospital. Long-term combined HBIG and lamivudine therapy were administrated to all recipients. Serum samples from the donor and recipient were tested for HBcAb, HBV DNA, and hepatitis B surface antibody. Liver biopsies from grafts were tested for HBV DNA. RESULTS: All recipients were HBcAb negative before LDLT. All of the donor livers were HBV DNA positive at the time of LDLT. All of the recipients had HBsAb titers greater than 300 mIU/ml 4 weeks after LDLT, and remained 100 mIU/ml thereafter. None of the recipients have become infected with HBV with a follow-up of 25-86 months. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative combined HBIG and lamivudine therapy can prevent HBV infection in recipients who receive liver grafts from HBcAb-positive donors.     

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with HBs antibodies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of reactivation of hepatitis B (HB) virus after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Of 2002 patients who received transplantation between January 1994 and December 2004, seven patients who were anti-HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) positive and HB surface antigen (HBs-Ag) negative developed reactivation of the HB virus after allogeneic HSCT. The patients' median age was 49 years, and they consisted of 5 males and 2 females. Six of 7 recipients received hematopoietic stem cells from HLA-identical sibling donors. All donors were negative for HBs-Ag. Six donors were negative for anti-HBs and one donor was not investigated for anti-HBs. HB reactivation occurred 5 to 29 (median 15) months after HSCT. Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) was observed in 5 cases. The peak value of GPT during HB reactivation varied from 83 to 1930 (median 318) IU/l. Lamivudine was given to 5 patients. One patient was treated with supportive therapy and other one patient was observed without treatment. Two patients developed fulminant hepatitis and died of hepatic dysfunction. Clinicians should consider the possibility of HB reactivation in anti-HBs-positive patients. The establishment of a preventive method for HB reactivation would be desirable.     

Prevention of de novo hepatitis B infection in liver allograft recipients with previous hepatitis B infection or hepatitis B vaccination

OBJECTIVES: To assess de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from liver donors with HBV serum markers (HBM) to their recipients and the need for HBV vaccination before liver transplantation. METHODS: A total of 108 orthotopic liver transplantations for nonviral disease and the risk of developing de novo hepatitis B based on HBMs before transplantation have been studied. Of the 108 patients, 94 met the study criteria and were divided into two groups: 27 who had HBMs before transplantation (from past infection or by previous vaccination) and 67 who had no HBM. Development of de novo hepatitis B was determined by analytical, serological, and histological parameters. RESULTS: No case (0%) of de novo hepatitis B was detected in the pretransplantation HBM group, whereas there were 10 cases (14.5%) in the other group (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of pretransplantation HBM in liver transplant recipients protects these patients against the development of de novo hepatitis B. This is especially important considering that there is a high prevalence of donors with positive hepatitis B core antibody (especially in some countries), and that these donors transmit HBV infection to recipients without HBM in a significant number of cases. Thus, vaccination against HBV in patients who are candidates for liver transplantation is fundamental to avoid cases of de novo hepatitis B.     

Marrow transplantation from hepatitis C virus seropositive donors: transmission rate and clinical course

Bone marrow transplant recipients are at risk for acquiring hepatitis C infection from the donated marrow. Twelve patients who were hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-negative pretransplant received marrow from anti-HCV seropositive donors. HCV RNA was present in the sera of seven of these donors. After transplant, serial serum specimens were obtained from all marrow recipients for determination of HCV RNA and aminotransferase levels. All seven recipients of marrow from HCV RNA-positive donors were HCV RNA-positive after marrow infusion; none cleared virus from the serum. All five recipients of marrow from anti-HCV seropositive, HCV RNA-negative donors remained free of HCV RNA in serum up to day 100. Abnormal serum aminotransferases were common in both HCV RNA- negative and HCV RNA-positive marrow recipients. One HCV-infected recipient developed marked elevation in aminotransferases after immunosuppressive drugs were stopped. We conclude that the presence of HCV RNA in the serum of marrow donors is an accurate predictor of HCV infection in marrow recipients. The acute infection was subclinical in all patients. The long-term risk of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in these patients remains to be determined.     

Hepatitis B-related events in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients

AIM: To investigate the frequency of occult hepatitis B, the clinical course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and reverse seroconversion and associated risk factors in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. METHODS: This study was conducted in 90 patients undergoing autologous HSCT. Occult HBV infection was investigated by HBV-DNA analysis prior to transplantation, while HBV serology and liver function tests were screened prior to and serially after transplantation. HBV...     

Hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive blood donors: relation to the hepatitis B e system and outcome in recipients

The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was investigated in 26 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive blood donors. Three donors (12%) were concordantly positive for HBV DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and had IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Two donors (8%) had HBV DNA without HBeAg; both were positive for antibody to HBeAg and lacked IgM anti-HBc. Twenty-one HBV DNA-negative donors had antibody to HBeAg, and all were negative for HBeAg and IgM anti-HBc. Blood units from 16 donors were transfused. A sufficient serological and clinical follow-up was available for 10 HBV-susceptible recipients. Three recipients of HBV DNA-positive blood units were infected irrespective of HBeAg status or presence of IgM anti-HBc. Six (86%) of seven recipients of HBV DNA-negative blood units developed HBV infection. Thus all hepatitis B surface antigen-positive blood donors should still be considered infectious irrespective of status with regard to HBeAg, HBV DNA, and IgM anti-HBc.     

Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis.

In studies conducted in the early 1950s, sera from six asymptomatic blood donors, implicated in the transmission of viral hepatitis, were inoculated into 10 to 20 volunteers each. Five of these "implicated" donor sera transmitted clinically apparent hepatitis to the recipients. The stored serum samples from these studies have been reanalyzed using serologic markers for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis A virus infection. Two of the donor sera were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, and both transmitted hepatitis B virus infection to all susceptible recipients, half of whom showing clinical symptoms. The remaining three infectious donors were HBs-Ag-negative, yet were icterogenic to 10% to 47% of recipients. Testing of serum samples from these recipients with hepatitis showed no evidence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis A virus infection. This study and other recent evidence suggest that there is a third type of human viral hepatitis--non-A, non-B hepatitis--which is due to a transmissible agent and may well be associated with a chronic carrier state.     

A prospective study of transfusion-transmitted virus transmission by blood transfusion

Recently, a new single-stranded DNA virus (TT virus, TTV) has been isolated and related to post-transfusion hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TTV in blood donors and blood recipients, and the incidence of TTV transmission by blood transfusion. TTV DNA and serum markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), were examined in 130 blood recipients, and the presence of TTV was studied in their 340 corresponding blood donors. The prevalence of TTV infection was 10.6% (36/340) in donors and 8.5% (11/130) in blood recipients, before transfusion. Eighteen subjects (15.1%) were found to be TTV positive, after transfusion, in the 119 blood recipients without TTV before transfusion; at least one of the corresponding donors was TTV positive. There were 46 subjects with post-transfusion hepatitis virus infection, 45 with HCV infection (including seven co-infected with TTV) and two with HBV infection (including one co-infected with HCV and one co-infected with TTV). The recipient with TTV and HBV co-infection and three of the seven patients with TTV and HCV infection had alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels higher than 90Ul^–1, but only two of the 10 isolated TTV infections had a mild ALT elevation. These results show that prevalence of TTV was high in blood donors and hospitalized patients, and isolated TTV infection is not related to significant ALT elevation.     

TT viral infection through blood transfusion: retrospective investigation on patients in a prospective study of post-transfusion hepatitis

AIM To investigate the role of blood transfusion in TT viral infection (TTV).METHODS We retrospectively studied serum samples from 192 transfusion recipients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and blood transfusion between July 1991 and June 1992. All patients had a follow-up every other week for at least 6 months after transfusion. Eighty recipients recipents blood before screening donors for hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV), and 112 recipients reveiver screened blood.Recipients with alanine aminotransferase level ＞ 2.5 times the upper normal limit were tested for serological markers for viral hepatitis A, B,C, G, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.TTV infection was defined by the positivity for serum TTV DNA using the polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS Eleven and three patients, who reveiver anti-HCV unscreened and screened blood, respectively, had serum ALT levels ＞90 IU/L. Five patients (HCV and TTV: 1; HCV,HGV, and TTV: 1; TTV: 2; and CMV and TTV: 1 )were positive for TTV DNA, and four of them had sero-conversion of TTV DNA. CONCLUSION TTV can be transmitted via blood transfusion. Two recipients infected by TTV alone may be associated with the hepatitis.However, whether TTV was the causal agent remains unsettled, and further studies are necessary to define the role of TTV infection in chronic hepatitis.