颈椎后路改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的 :探讨颈椎后路改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年6月~2015年12月采颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得随访的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,均采用相同的微型钛板固定单开门椎板,其中21例(男17例,女4例,年龄66.2±10.0岁)采用改良单开门椎管扩大成形术(改良组),39例(男36例,女3例,年龄57.3±10.5岁)采用传统单开门椎管扩大成形术(传统组),收集两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、手术费用,随访两组患者神经功能改善情况、颈椎曲度、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度及轴性症状等,并进行比较。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、病程、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均无显著性差异(P0.05),两组手术费用比较有显著性差异,改良组平均手术费用明显低于传统组(P0.05)。术后随访12~24个月,术后12个月两组患者均达到骨性融合,两组神经功能均明显改善,JOA评分改善率改良组为(60.46±9.65)%,传统组为(46.41±24.33)%,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。改良组术后12个月时颈椎曲度丢失4.7°±1.9°,颈椎曲度指数丢失(3.09±.14)%,颈椎活动度丢失7.3°±2.3°;传统组颈椎曲度丢失8.9°±5.6°,颈椎曲度指数丢失(6.27±3.42)%,颈椎活动度丢失13.0°±3.9°,两组比较均有显著性差异(P0.01)。改良组术后出现轴性疼痛症状患者3例,传统组为19例,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.01)。随访期间两组均无再关门发生,两组均无钛板、螺钉松动移位。结论:与颈椎后路传统单开门椎管扩大成形术相比,改良单开门椎管扩大成形术在获得良好神经减压效果的同时,可减少手术费用,降低术后颈椎轴性症状的发生率,有利于颈椎曲度和颈椎活动度的维持。     

颈椎前路减压分段融合术和后路椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的病例对照研究

目的 :比较颈椎前路减压分段融合术和后路椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:对2009年7月至2012年6月收治的56例多节段脊髓型颈椎病病例进行回顾性分析,男32例,女24例;年龄42~79岁,平均(56.9±12.8)岁,病程2个月~16年,平均(10.6±3.2)年。所有患者术前经影像学检查显示有多节段颈椎间盘突出,并具有脊髓型颈椎病的临床表现。其中34例采用颈椎前路减压分段融合术(前路组),22例采用后路椎管扩大成形术(后路组)。通过影像学资料对两组患者手术前后的病变节段前柱高度和颈椎前曲度进行比较,并采用JOA评分评价手术效果。结果:两组患者无神经血管并发症发生,并获得24~36个月的随访(平均28.6个月)。前路组,术后2周时颈椎病变节段前柱高度较术前明显增高(P0.05),颈椎前曲度较术前明显降低(P0.05)。后路组,术后2周及末次随访时,病变节段前柱高度和颈椎前曲度较术前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间在术后2周及末次随访时颈椎前曲度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后两组JOA评分均出现了明显恢复,术后3个月及末次随访时,前路组明显高于后路组(P0.05),且JOA评分改善率前路组也优于后路组(P0.05)。结论:这种分段式前路融合手术可以有效地恢复颈椎前柱高度,并且与颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术相比,可以显著地改善脊髓功能,是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方案。     

经皮完全内窥镜与显微内窥镜下后路颈椎间孔切开减压术围手术期并发症的Meta分析

目的:系统分析经皮完全内窥镜(full-endoscopic,FE)与显微内窥镜(microendoscopic,MI)下后路颈椎间孔切开减压术(posterior cervical foraminotomy,PCF)治疗神经根型颈椎病围手术期并发症的发生率及特点。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Web of Science以及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和万方数据库自建库至2017年10月通过FE-PCF或MI-PCF治疗椎间盘侧方突出或椎间孔狭窄引起的神经根型颈椎病的文献。两名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、质量评价和数据提取,并将相关文献报道的并发症分类汇总。采用Comprehensive Meta Analysis 2.2软件进行统计分析,选择发生率作为效应量指标,并计算其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)。结果:最终纳入28篇文献,共2060例患者;其中FE组410例,MI组1650例。FE组并发症总体发生率为5.7%(CI:3.4%~9.5%),MI组为3.5%(CI:2.7%~4.6%),二者无统计学差异(P=0.100);而并发症的构成比例则明显不同,FE组以短暂性神经根麻痹为主(15/19,78.9%),MI组常见的并发症依次为硬脊膜撕裂(20/48,41.7%)、短暂性神经根麻痹(11/48,22.9%)和浅表伤口感染(5/48,10.4%)。其中,短暂性神经根麻痹的发生率在FE组为4.4%(CI:2.8%~7.1%),显著高于MI组1.6%(CI:1.0%~2.6%),且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.003);硬脊膜撕裂发生率在FE组为1.6%(CI:0.7%~3.8%),MI组为1.8%(CI:1.2%~2.7%),无统计学差异(P=0.784)。结论:FE-PCF与MI-PCF治疗神经根型颈椎病均相对安全,二者间并发症总体发生率基本一致。然而,FE-PCF术后易出现短暂性神经根麻痹,值得广大临床医师关注。     

Anatomical study of the cervical nerve roots for posterior foraminotomy: cadaveric study

Background

Anatomical study of the relationship among the cervical nerve roots, intervertebral disc, and lateral mass is important for the neurosurgeon to avoid complications of posterior cervical foraminotomy.

Methods

Six adult cadavers were studied. The muscles of the back of the neck were removed to expose the cervical vertebrae posteriorly from C3 to C7. We measured the length, height, extent, and angulations of the nerve roots from the medial point of the facet (MPF) after a total laminectomy, then after one-half facetectomy. The height, width, anteroposterior diameter of the lateral mass, then the height and anteroposterior diameter of the neural foramen were also measured.

Results

After total laminectomy from C3 to C7, all measures were taken from MPF showed that the mean length of the exposed root was 6.5–8.8 mm while vertical distance was 4–5.4 mm and the horizontal distance was 5.1–7.1 mm. Following a medial one-half facetectomy; the mean length of the exposed root was 8.9–12.3 mm, the vertical distance was 5.5–7.3 mm while the horizontal distance was 7.1–9.8 mm. The mean angulations of the nerve roots were 50.9–53.3º. There was a significant difference after total laminectomy and medial one-half facetectomy.

Conclusion

Anatomic and morphologic study of the cervical nerve roots and their relationships to the lateral mass and the intervertebral disc are useful landmarks to reduce the operative complications of the posterior foraminotomy.     

Long-term outcomes following anterior foraminotomy for one- or two-level cervical radiculopathy

Purpose

Anterior foraminotomy (AF) is a surgical treatment for unilateral cervical radiculopathy that avoids fusion-related complications, but its long-term outcome has yet to be investigated. To clarify the efficacy of AF, the author retrospectively collected long-term data regarding the results of this technique.

Methods

Of 50 patients who underwent AF between November 1999 and June 2005, those who were followed for more than 6 years (n = 44) were enrolled in this study. The parameters studied included the number of revisions, additional surgeries, VAS/NDI, and Odom’s criteria. Plain radiographs were also obtained pre- and postoperatively.

Results

At discharge, 98 % of patients reported improvement, although 20 % temporarily experienced some residual symptoms. There were no other major postoperative complications. At final follow-up (FU, mean of 8.8 years), an excellent or good outcome was achieved in 39 patients (89 %). There was no index level reoperation required, but two additional operations for symptomatic adjacent-segment degeneration were needed (4.5 %). Six patients suffered from shoulder pain on the same side after surgery (mean onset: 3.6 years). At final FU, significant degeneration at the operated level was demonstrated on plain radiographs, resulting in a decreased range of motion. However, loss of lordosis of the segment was minimal. Radiographically, adjacent segment degeneration was noted in only 6 and 11 % at the cranial and caudal segments, respectively.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, patients who underwent AF for one- or two- level cervical radiculopathy showed a good long-term outcome with minimal adjacent segment degeneration. However, more data should be collected to clarify possible associations with these findings, such as delayed shoulder problems and aggravation of degeneration at the operated level.     

Outcomes of surgical intervention for cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanying local kyphosis (comparison between laminoplasty alone and posterior reconstruction surgery using the screw-rod system)

Purpose

The surgical strategy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) accompanying local kyphosis is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to compare and evaluate the outcomes of two types of surgery for CSM accompanying local kyphosis: (1) laminoplasty alone (LP) and (2) posterior reconstruction surgery (PR) in which we corrected the local kyphosis using a pedicle screw or lateral mass screw.

Methods

Sixty patients who presented with local kyphosis exceeding 5° were enrolled. LP and PR were each performed on a group of 30 of these patients; 30 CSM patients without local kyphosis, who had undergone LP, were used as controls. The follow-up period was 2 years or longer. Preoperative local kyphosis angles in LP and PR were 8.3° ± 4.4° and 8.8° ± 5.7°, respectively. Preoperative C2–7 angles in LP, PR and controls were −1.7° ± 9.6°, −0.4° ± 7.2° and −12.0° ± 5.6°, respectively. The recovery rate of the JOA score, local kyphosis angle and C2–7 angle at post-op and follow-up were compared between the groups.

Results

The recovery rate of the JOA score in the LP group (32.6 %) was significantly worse than that in the PR group (44.5 %) and that of controls (53.8 %). Local kyphosis angles in the PR and LP groups at follow-up were 4.0° ± 8.6° and 8.0° ± 6.0°, respectively. However, although the C2–7 angle at follow-up was improved to −11.1° ± 12.7° in PR, and maintained at −11.6° ± 6.2° in controls, it deteriorated to 0.5° ± 12.7° in LP.

Conclusions

The present study is the first to compare the outcomes between LP alone and PR for CSM accompanying local kyphosis. It revealed that PR resulted in a better clinical outcome than did LP alone. This result may be due to reduction of local kyphosis, stabilization of the unstable segment, and/or the maintenance of C2–7 angle until follow-up in the PR group.     

A new minimally invasive posterior approach for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy: surgical technique and preliminary results

Degenerative cervical disorders predominantly lead to anterior spinal cord compression (by bony spurs at the posterior margin of the vertebral body or by degenerated disc), which may be central and/or foraminal. In a smaller percentage of cases, there is encroachment of the canal mainly from posterior by bulging yellow ligaments or bony appositions, resulting in compression syndromes of roots or spinal cord. The aim of this work is to present a minimally invasive posterior approach avoiding detachment of muscles for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. Thirteen patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy (four patients) or myelopathy (nine patients) were operated according to this technique. In principle, the technique secures access to the diseased spinal segment via a percutaneously placed working channel (11 mm outer diameter and 9 mm inner diameter). The cervical paraspinal muscles are not deflected, but just spread between their fibres by special dilators. All further steps are performed through this channel under control of three-dimensional vision through the operating microscope. The mean follow-up period was 17 months (one patient died 9 months postoperatively), and patients were evaluated using a modified version of the Oswestry Index, called the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain. The mean NDI (P<0.0001) improved from 13.2 (preoperatively) to 4.8 (postoperatively). The VAS for arm pain (P<0.001) and for neck pain (P<0.001) also showed marked postoperative improvement. Complete recovery of the preoperative neurological deficit was found in four patients, while the remaining eight patients showed improvement of the neurological symptoms during the follow-up period. There were no intra-operative or postoperative complications and no re-operation. The preliminary experience with this technique, and the good clinical outcome, seem to promise that this minimally invasive technique is a valid alternative to the conventional open exposure for treatment of lateral disc prolapses, foraminal bony stenosis and central posterior ligamentous stenosis of the cervical spine.     

改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的:总结保留颈半棘肌肌止、C3椎板切除、C4～C7“锚定”单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果.方法:2009年1月～2011年10月,共对74例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者采用保留颈半棘肌肌止、C3椎板切除、“锚定法”固定悬吊C4～C7椎板的单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗,其中57例患者获得随访,男31例,女26例,年龄50～71岁,平均63岁.术前JOA评分4～11分,平均8.5±2.0分,颈椎活动度23°～49°,平均37.4°±10.3°,颈椎曲度指数6.0％～22.0％,平均(13.9±7.4)％.观察患者术中和术后并发症发生情况;术后6个月复查颈椎X线片,测量颈椎曲度指数和颈椎活动度,观察颈椎曲度指数和颈椎活动度变化情况;末次随访时对患者神经功能进行JOA评分,计算神经功能改善率 结果:手术均顺利完成,手术时间50～110min,平均70min.术中出血150～600ml,平均230ml.术中无脊髓损伤、脑脊液漏等并发症发生.术后早期41例患者有颈痛,给予消炎镇痛治疗,术后3周内疼痛消失或明显缓解2例出现切口感染,经抗感染治疗并再次清创后切口延时愈合.9例有明显轴性症状,发生率为15.8％;6例出现C5神经根麻痹,给予甲基强的松龙、营养神经药物等治疗后症状明显缓解.随访6～32个月,平均13个月,术后6个月颈椎曲度指数为4.2％～21.1％,平均(11.3±8.1)％,较术前丢失(2.9±2.4)％;颈椎活动度为18°～46°,平均28.2°±10.8°,平均丢失8.2°±5.1°.患者神经功能均不同程度得到改善,末次随访时JOA评分为10～17分,平均13.8±2.3分,较术前明显提高(P＜0.05),神经功能改善率为29.0％～77.3％,平均(57.0±19.7)％.末次随访均未发现“再关门”现象.结论:保留颈半棘肌肌止、C3椎板切除、“锚定法”固定悬吊C4～C7椎板的单开门椎管扩大成形术可明显改善多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的神经功能,手术操作简单,临床疗效满意.     

Anterior corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Surgical strategy for multilevel cervical myelopathy resulting from cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) still remains controversial. There are still questions about the relative benefit and safety of direct decompression by anterior corpectomy (CORP) versus indirect decompression by posterior laminoplasty (LAMP).

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the results of anterior CORP compared with posterior LAMP for patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing anterior CORP with posterior LAMP for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy due to CSM or OPLL from 1990 to December 2012. An extensive search of literature was performed in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The quality of the studies was assessed according to GRADE. The following outcome measures were extracted: pre- and postoperative Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score, neurological recovery rate (RR), surgical complications, reoperation rate, operation time and blood loss. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for quality and extracted data. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the mean number of surgical segments.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in this review, all of which were prospective or retrospective cohort studies with relatively low quality. The results indicated that the mean JOA score system for cervical myelopathy and the neurological RR in the CORP group were superior to those in the LAMP group when the mean surgical segments were <3, but were similar between the two groups in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. There was no statistical difference in the surgical complication rate between the two groups when the mean surgical segments <3, but were significantly higher incidences of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. Besides, the operation time in the CORP group was longer than that in the LAMP group, and the average blood loss was significantly more in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group.

Conclusion

Based on the results above, anterior CORP and fusion is recommended for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were <3. Given the higher rates of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation and the higher surgical trauma associated with multilevel CORP, however, it is suggested that posterior LAMP may be the preferred method of treatment for multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were equal to 3 or more. In addition, taking the limitations of this study into consideration, it was still not appropriate to draw a strong conclusion claiming superiority for CORP or LAMP. A well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trial is necessary to provide objective data on the clinical results of both procedures.     

多节段椎板间开窗手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的介绍一种治疗脊髓型颈椎病的新术式 (菊地法 )。方法　手术适应证为合并有发育性颈椎椎管狭窄的脊髓型颈椎病 ,手术要点为多节段椎板间开窗。共施术 17例 ,其中男 12例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 4 2～ 77岁。手术前JOA评分为 7～ 13分 ,平均 9.2分。随访 1～ 4年。结果手术后脊髓损害程度均有不同程度减轻 ,至最后随访时恢复率为 14 %～ 88% ,平均为 6 3.6 % ,其中优 4例 ,良 12例 ,可 1例。无 1人出现新发持续轴性症状。颈椎前凸指数与屈伸活动范围与手术前相差无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　椎板间开窗可维持颈椎前凸及活动度 ,防止手术后畸形及轴性症状的发生 ,治疗脊髓型颈椎病有一定疗效。     

后路单开门联合椎间孔切开术与前路减压融合术治疗混合型颈椎病的疗效比较

 目的 通过回顾性病例分析,评价单开门椎板成形联合椎间孔切开术(laminoplasty with foraminotomy, LF )与前路椎间盘切除减压融合术（anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF）治疗脊髓神经根型颈椎病的临床及影像学疗效。方法 自 2008 年 1 月至 2010 年 1 月,按照纳入及排除标准选取 68 例患者纳入研究,ACDF 组 33 例,LF 组 35 例,随访均超过 2 年。疗效评估采用日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分及改善率,影像学评估采用 X 线片测量颈椎曲度和颈椎活动度（range of motion, ROM）,末次随访时采用颈椎功能障碍指数量表（neck disabilitv index,NDI）评估两组患者颈肩部疼痛的改善程度。结果 ACDF 组手术时间平均 187 min、出血量平均为 127 ml,与 LF 组（154 min、235 ml）比较,差异均有统计学意义（t _手术时间=4.170,P=0.000;Z _出血量=-6.888,P=0.000）。术后两组下肢感觉改善率（ACDF 组 64.0%、 LF 组 66.0%）的差异有统计学意义（Z=-7.512,P=0.000）,而上肢运动、上肢感觉及下肢运动改善率的差异均无统计学意义。术后 3 个月时 ACDF 组出现 1 例植骨不融合,随访 2 年时 3 例出现邻近节段退变;而 LF 组未见并发症出现。末次随访时 ACDF 组在提物（Z=-3.947, P=0.000）及开车（t=-7.523,P=0.000）方面的 NDI 疼痛评分低于 LF 组。ACDF 组颈椎曲度由术前平均 13.7°增加至 16.2°,而 LF 组由 14.6°降至 13.3°（Z=-3.374,P=0.001）。两种术式均导致术后颈椎 ROM 下降（ACDF 组 14.8°、LF 组 16.5°）,但差异有统计学意义（t=-2.167,P =0.034）。结论 LF 在改善长节段颈椎间盘突出所致的颈椎髓性症状及根性症状方面与 ACDF 的临床效果相近,但具有手术时间短、手术技术相对简单、近期并发症发生率低等优势,是治疗混合型颈椎病安全、有效的手术方式。     

颈椎后路椎管扩大成形加短节段固定手术疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨颈椎后路椎管扩大成形加短节段固定手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法 2006-08-2008-06因脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形加颈椎侧块钉棒系统固定融合术的患者21例,将患者的年龄、病程、术前椎管矢状径值、骨性椎管扩大率、脊髓后移距离、术前JOA评分诸影响因素与JOA改善率进行多元逐步回归分析,分析JOA改善率与上述诸因素的相关性。结果术前JOA评分、病程与JOA改善率明确相关,有显著性统计学意义。病程与JOA改善率呈明显负相关,术前JOA评分与JOA改善率呈明显正相关。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形加颈椎侧块钉棒系统固定融合术是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法;术前JOA评分和病程是决定脊髓型颈椎病预后的重要因素,是判断预后的重要指标,两者相比,术前JOA评分更重要。     

Postmortem findings in a woman with history of laminoplasty for severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Abstract

Context

We report the autopsy of a 65-year-old woman who underwent a C3–C7 laminoplasty 4 years after the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Her sensory disturbance, spasticity, and vesicorectal disturbance, which corresponded to long tract sign, had improved after surgery.

Findings

Cross sections at the C4–C5 level showed a triangular shape because of atrophied ventral gray matter. Moreover, despite the scarce glial scar formation around the cystic cavity, regeneration of gray matter had not occurred. In the white matter, the posterior and lateral funiculi were shrunken including three to four segments.

Conclusion

Pathological change of white matter did not coincide with relief of clinical symptoms in this case. These findings indicate that it may be better to operate earlier in cases of CSM, because delay may lead to irreversible histological change.     

颈后路单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的:观察颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果和可行性。方法:采用颈后路椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病30例,男19例,女11例,常规C3-C7减压,棘突打孔10号线固定在门轴侧侧块关节囊上12例,门轴侧C3、C5、C7侧块螺钉固定悬吊椎板18例,术前和术后通过日本骨科学会JOA评分(17分法)评估临床疗效。结果:30例均获得随访,随访时间6～76个月,平均25个月。按照JOA评分:优8例,良14例,可6例,差2例,优良率73.33%(22/30)。其中3例术后3个月内发生C4或C5神经根麻痹,经保守治疗痊愈。2例在2年内因疗效不佳再行前路手术。结论:颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病是一种简单、有效可行的方法,尤其适应于老年人。     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术不同椎板固定方法治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：分析颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术不同椎板固定方法治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法：2007年1月~2011年1月采用颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得随访的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者92例,均采用颈椎后路C3～C7单开门椎管扩大成形术,根据椎板固定方式分为两组：A组,采用丝线悬吊椎板,49例,男37例,女12例,年龄58.0±13.6岁,病程11.3±6.7个月;术前JOA评分8.23±1.21分,颈椎曲度18.2°±6.4°,VAS评分4.46±1.64分。B组采用微型钛板固定椎板,43例,男32例,女11例,年龄56.6±14.7岁,病程10.9±8.5个月,术前JOA评分8.12±1.56分,颈椎曲度17.9°±8.3°,VAS评分为4.65±1.12分。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量,随访两组患者神经功能改善情况、颈椎曲度及轴性症状等,并进行比较。结果：两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。A组7例、B组8例出现肩部放射痛,给予脱水剂、物理治疗等治疗1周后消失,两组均未出现C5神经根麻痹。随访24～47个月,平均38个月,术后12个月随访时两组神经功能均明显改善,A组JOA评分为14.57±2.95分、改善率为72.29%,B组JOA评分为14.31±2.86分、改善率为69.48%,两组比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;术后12个月A组颈椎曲度为15.9°±5.7°,B组为18.1°±7.9°,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。术后3个月时A组VAS评分为2.12±1.92分,B组为1.82±0.64,两组比较无显著性差异;12个月时A组VAS评分为1.32±0.88分,B组为0.79±0.53,两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。随访期间两组均无再关门发生,B组无钛板、螺钉松动移位。结论：颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术采用丝线悬吊与微型钛板固定椎板均能有效维持椎管的扩大状态,取得较好临床疗效,但微型钛板可减轻术后远期颈部疼痛不适症状,并有利于颈椎曲度的维持。     

Postmortem findings in a woman with history of laminoplasty for severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Context

We report the autopsy of a 65-year-old woman who underwent a C3–C7 laminoplasty 4 years after the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Her sensory disturbance, spasticity, and vesicorectal disturbance, which corresponded to long tract sign, had improved after surgery.

Findings

Cross sections at the C4–C5 level showed a triangular shape because of atrophied ventral gray matter. Moreover, despite the scarce glial scar formation around the cystic cavity, regeneration of gray matter had not occurred. In the white matter, the posterior and lateral funiculi were shrunken including three to four segments.

Conclusion

Pathological change of white matter did not coincide with relief of clinical symptoms in this case. These findings indicate that it may be better to operate earlier in cases of CSM, because delay may lead to irreversible histological change.     

下颈椎棘突椎板螺钉在单开门椎管扩大术中的临床应用

目的:探讨下颈椎棘突椎板螺钉技术在单开门椎管扩大术中的临床应用及疗效。方法:2005年2月至2010年6月,采用下颈椎棘突椎板螺钉技术治疗颈椎病12例,男7例,女5例;年龄34～78岁,平均56岁;其中前方椎间盘退变突出合并退变性椎管狭窄者6例,后纵韧带骨化伴骨赘形成者5例,颈椎外伤性失稳伴脊髓损伤1例。对患者临床疗效和影像学情况进行评估,包括神经功能(依照JOA评定),术后并发症,颈椎各节段矢状径比例、屈伸活动范围及矢状序列的改变(利用影像学资料进行测量)。结果:手术时间1.5～2h,平均110min;术中出血量450～800ml,平均580ml。术后出现上肢疼痛l例,脑脊液漏1例。12例均获随访,时间1～2年,平均21.8个月。JOA评分术前为(9.5±1.8)分,术后为(13.6±2.4)分(P<0.01)。术后CT、MRI显示颈椎管矢状径比例增加(P<0.01)。颈椎屈伸活动范围、前凸比例由术前的(40.0±10.0)°、(65.0±12.0)%降至术后的(15.0±5.0)°、(42.0±8.0)%(P<0.01)。结论:下颈椎棘突椎板螺钉技术应用于单开门椎管扩大术中治疗颈椎病能取得满意疗效,相对安全、操作简单,并且具有较强内固定、可防止再关门。     

Posterior cervical foraminotomy. A follow-up study of 67 surgically treated patients with compressive radiculopathy

A retrospective study was conducted on 67 patients undergoing posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) for unilateral intraforaminal soft and hard disc disease. Neurologic impairment, employment, and severity of associated signs were assessed preoperatively and at a 3.1-year average follow-up (range, 1.5–7 years). Diminution or complete disappearance of radicular symptoms was observed in 62 cases (93%), 3 months to 3 years after surgery. Minimal neurologic deficits persisted in 5 cases (7%). Neck pain improved in 62 cases, remained unchanged in three, and progressed in two cases with severe preoperative deficits. Fifty-three patients (79%) returned to their previous occupation; only seven (10%) retired prematurely on the basis of disc disease alone. Based on Prolo’s functional economic outcome rating scale, 60 patients (90%) showed excellent economic outcome. Posterior cervical foraminotomy is an efficient means of decompressing lateral spinal roots compromised by soft disk herniations or osteophytic spurs, without the risk of an anterior approach with or without fusion. Careful patient selection and microsurgical technique are essential in obtaining consistent, excellent results. Additionally, the recent trend toward minimally invasive techniques and key-hole operations in neurosurgery and other specialisations favours the posterior approach. Received: 13 January 2000 / Accepted: 16 March 2000     

前路开槽式减压及带锁钢板固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的 :探讨前路减压手术在多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的应用价值。方法 :32例脊髓型颈椎病患者 ,病变累及 2个椎间隙者 2 7例 ,3个椎间隙者 5例。经颈前路开槽式减压 ,2 8例取自体髂骨移植 ,4例采用钛网内充填减压椎体之松质骨植骨 ,并行带锁钢板固定。结果 :32例中 2 9例随访平均 32 5个月 ,植骨于术后 12～ 16周骨性愈合。术后恢复之椎间高度未发生再丢失现象 ,颈椎生理曲度维持良好。无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症。手术有效率为93 1% (2 7/2 9) ,优良率为 79 3% (2 3/2 9) ,JOA评分由平均术前 8 3分上升至术后 14 1分。结论 :多节段脊髓型颈椎病可采用前路开槽式减压及带锁钢板内固定 ,应用前景良好。