腰椎间盘退变性疾患下腰椎终板形态的MRI观察

【摘要】　目的：在MRI片上观察腰椎间盘退变患者下腰椎终板形态的分布规律,分析终板形态和椎间盘退变的关系。方法：回顾分析两组腰椎间盘退变性疾病患者的术前腰椎MRI,A组110例为单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者,B组35例为椎间盘源性腰痛患者。根据正中矢状面MRI T1像,将终板形态分为凹面、平坦、不规则三型;根据Pfirrmann法评定椎间盘退变程度并将Ⅰ～Ⅴ级分别计为1～5分;按Modic改变分级标准判定各节段终板有无Modic改变。分析下腰椎终板的形态特点及三种分型与椎间盘退变程度、Modic改变等的关系。结果：①435个下腰椎节段中,凹面型终板最多（215/435）,A组中占50.6％（167/330）,B组中占45.7％（48/105）,且主要分布于L3/4（108/215）、L4/5（83/215）节段;平坦型终板占29.0％（126/435）,并主要位于L5/S1节段（76/126）;不规则型终板最少（94/435）,A组中占23.0％（76/330）,B组中占17.1％（18/105）,也主要位于L5/S1节段（45/94）。②A组患者中,凹面型终板退变程度平均为3.31±0.81分,平坦型为3.66±0.64分,不规则型为4.16±0.67分,两两比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）;椎间盘突出节段以平坦型（37/110）和不规则型（43/110）终板占多数,无突出节段则以凹面型（137/220）终板占多数,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;不规则型终板比凹面型和平坦型更容易伴发Modic改变,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,凹面型和平坦型间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。③B组患者中,凹面型终板的椎间盘退变程度平均为3.23±0.86分,平坦型为3.54±0.85分,不规则型为3.94±0.54分,仅凹面型和不规则型间差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。④相同终板形态时A组和B组椎间盘退变程度相比均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：终板形态与椎间盘退变、Modic改变之间有相关性。终板形态由凹面型到平坦型再到不规则型,腰椎间盘退变程度逐渐加重。影像学上终板形态改变在一定程度上反映了椎间盘退变的程度。     

腰椎融合区相邻节段无症状退变椎间盘的转归

目的：观察腰椎融合区相邻节段无症状性退变间盘的转归，探讨腰椎融合节段的选择。方法：71例因椎间盘源性腰痛而接受椎阃盘切除、椎间植骨融合术患者，术前均进行仔细的体格检查、MRI和椎间盘造影，对MRI表现和柞间盘造影阳性的节段进行融合，其中53例相邻椎间盘MRI表现正常（A组），18例相邻20个节段为无症状性退变间盘（B组）比较两组术后的临床疗效、疼痛复发以及二次手术率。结果：所有患者均随访2年以上（平均35个月），临床疗效优良率A组为92.4％，B组为77．8％，无统计学差异（P=0.189）。A组中1例因相邻节段间盘发生退变并产生严重症状而进行了二次融合手术：B组叶14例因相邻的无症状性退变间盘退变加重并产生严重症状而接受一次融合手术。结论：柑邻于融合节段的无症状性退变间盘大多数（77.8％）不产生后期的疼痛症状，临床疗效满息、存初次进行融合时，仅融合有症状的退变间盘即可。     

The value of a pantaloon cast test in surgical decision making for chronic low back pain patients: a systematic review of the literature supplemented with a prospective cohort study

The results of lumbar fusion in chronic low back pain (LBP) patients vary considerably, and there is a need for proper patient selection. Lumbosacral orthoses have been widely used to predict outcome, however, with little scientific support. The aim of the present study was to determine the value of a pantaloon cast test in selecting chronic LBP patients for lumbar fusion or conservative management. First, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in which two independent reviewers identified studies in Medline, Cochrane and Current Contents databases. Three papers met the selection criteria. In the only study with a control group, a significantly better outcome after fusion compared to conservative treatment was found in patients who reported significant pain relief while in a cast (i.e. a positive cast test). The results of lumbar fusion, however, were not significantly different for patients with a positive and those with a negative cast test. In addition to the review, a clinical cohort study of 257 LBP patients, who had been allocated to either lumbar fusion or conservative management by a temporary external transpedicular fixation trial, was performed. Prior to allocation, all had undergone a pantaloon cast test. Patients with no history of prior spine surgery and with a positive pantaloon cast test had a better outcome after lumbar fusion than those treated conservatively (P = 0.002, χ ² test). In patients with previous spine operations the outcomes were poor and the test was of no value. From the literature and the present patient cohort, it was concluded that only in chronic LBP patients without prior spine surgery, a pantaloon cast test with substantial pain relief suggests a favorable outcome of lumbar fusion compared to conservative management. The test has no value in patients who have had previous spine surgery.     

Motion characteristics of the lumbar spinous processes with degenerative disc disease and degenerative spondylolisthesis

Objective

Recently, interspinous process devices have attracted much attention since they can be implanted between the lumbar spinous processes (LSP) of patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD) and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DLS) using a minimally invasive manner. However, the motion characters of the LSP in the DLS and DDD patients have not been reported. This study is aimed at investigating the kinematics of the lumbar spinous processes in patients with DLS and DDD.

Methods

Ten patients with DDD at L4–S1 and ten patients with DLS at L4–L5 were studied. The positions of the vertebrae (L2–L5) at supine, standing, 45° trunk flexion, and maximal extension positions were determined using MRI-based models and dual fluoroscopic images. The shortest ISP distances were measured and compared with those of healthy subjects that have been previously reported.

Results

The shortest distance of the interspinous processes (ISP) gradually decreased from healthy subjects to DDD and to DLS patients when measured in the supine, standing, and extension positions. During supine-standing and flexion–extension activities, the changes in the shortest ISP distances in DDD patients were 2 ± 1.2 and 4.8 ± 2.1 mm at L4–L5; in DLS patients they were 0.5 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 1.7 mm at L4–L5, respectively. The range of motion is increased in DDD patients but decreased in DLS patients when compared with those of the healthy subjects. No significantly different changes were detected at L2–L3 and L3–L4 levels.

Conclusion

At the involved level, the hypermobility of the LSP was seen in DDD and hypomobility of the LSP in DLS patients. The data may be instrumental for improving ISP surgeries that are aimed at reducing post-operative complications such as bony fracture and device dislocations.     

斜外侧椎间融合在Modic改变伴终板硬化腰椎间盘退变治疗中的应用CSCD

目的:探讨Stand-alone斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)应用于Modic改变伴终板硬化的腰椎间盘退变治疗的可行性和临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月3家医疗中心收治的16例Modic改变伴终板硬化的腰椎间盘退变患者。其中男6例,女10例;年龄45~67(55.48±8.07)岁;病史36~240(82.40±47.68)个月。病变部位:L2,32例,L3,45例,L4,59例;均表现为慢性腰痛,伴下肢神经症状3例。采用单纯斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术治疗,术后对临床和影像学结果,以及并发症情况进行观察。结果:术中无血管、终板损伤和椎体骨折。切口长度(4.06±0.42)cm,手术时间(45.12±5.43)min,术中出血量(33.40±7.29)ml;术后72 h切口疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)为1.14±0.47。所有患者无切口皮肤坏死、愈合不良或感染;出现交感链损伤1例、左大腿前外侧疼痛并麻木2例、左侧髂腰肌无力1例,均为一过性损伤,并发症发生率为25%(4/16)。16例患者均获得随访,时间12~36(20.80±5.46)个月。术后椎间隙高度获得明显的恢复,随访过程中有轻度丢失。末次随访时腰椎冠状面和矢状面平衡均获得良好的改善。融合器无明显沉降或移位,均获得椎间融合。末次随访时日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthop-aedic Association,JOA)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)明显改善。结论:只要严格病例选择,充分的术前检查,采用Stand-alone OLIF治疗Modic改变伴终板硬化的腰椎间盘退变效果良好,临床优势明显,是较好的手术选择。     

退变性腰椎侧凸椎体终板Modic改变的分布情况及其影响因素

目的:观察退变性腰椎侧凸患者终板Modic改变的分布情况,分析其相关影响因素及与腰痛的关系。方法:回顾分析2000年3月～2009年3月我院收治的126例退变性腰椎侧凸患者的影像学资料,采用VAS对患者腰痛程度进行评估。观察患者终板Modic改变的发生率、类型及分布特点;比较存在Modic改变与不存在Modic改变患者的VAS评分;分析Modic改变与椎间盘退变、终板倾斜度、腰椎侧凸角及体重指数间的相关性。结果:126例患者756个腰椎间盘中,69例(54.8%)124(18.2%)个椎间盘邻近终板存在Modic改变。存在Modic改变患者VAS评分5.5±2.0,不存在Modic改变患者VAS评分3.0±1.5,两者比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。Modic分型:Ⅰ型有15例患者(11.9%)19个椎间盘退变(2.5%),Ⅱ型48例(38.1%)97个椎间盘退变(12.8%),Ⅲ型6例(4.8%)8个椎间盘退变(1.1%)。退变终板节段:L5/S1椎间盘32个(25.8%),L4/5椎间盘26个(21.0%),L3/4椎间盘9个(7.3%),L2/3椎间盘47个(37.9%),L1/2椎间盘6个(4.8%),T12/L1椎间盘4个(3.2%)。Modic改变发生于终板凹侧99(13.1%)个,发生于终板凸侧25(3.3%)个;凹侧与凸侧发生率比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。Modic改变与椎间盘退变、终板倾斜度、腰椎侧凸角及体重指数存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:Modic改变与椎间盘退变、终板倾斜度、腰椎侧凸角及体重指数之间存在相关关系;Modic改变以Ⅱ型多见,多发生于终板的凹侧,以L2/3、L5/S1和L4/5节段多发。     

Patterns of lumbar disc degeneration are different in degenerative disc disease and disc prolapse magnetic resonance imaging analysis of 224 patients

Background contextExisting research on lumbar disc degeneration has remained inconclusive regarding its etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, prevention, and management. Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and disc prolapse (DP) are common diseases affecting the lumbar discs. Although they manifest clinically differently, existing studies on disc degeneration have included patients with both these features, leading to wide variations in observations. The possible relationship or disaffect between DDD and DP is not fully evaluated.PurposeTo analyze the patterns of lumbar disc degeneration in patients with chronic back pain and DDD and those with acute DP.Study designProspective, magnetic resonance imaging–based radiological study.MethodsTwo groups of patients (aged 20–50 years) were prospectively studied. Group 1 included patients requiring a single level microdiscectomy for acute DP. Group 2 included patients with chronic low back pain and DDD. Discs were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging through Pfirmann grading, Schmorl nodes, Modic changes, and the total end-plate damage score for all the five lumbar discs.ResultsGroup 1 (DP) had 91 patients and group 2 (DDD) had 133 patients. DP and DDD patients differed significantly in the number, extent, and severity of degeneration. DDD patients had a significantly higher number of degenerated discs than DP patients (p<.000). The incidence of multilevel and pan-lumbar degeneration was also significantly higher in DDD group. The pattern of degeneration also differed in both the groups. DDD patients had predominant upper lumbar involvement, whereas DP patients had mainly lower lumbar degeneration. Modic changes were more common in DP patients, especially at the prolapsed level. Modic changes were present in 37% of prolapsed levels compared with 9.9% of normal discs (p<.00). The total end-plate damage score had a positive correlation with disc degeneration in both the groups. Further the mean total end-plate damage score at prolapsed level was also significantly higher.ConclusionThe results suggest that patients with disc prolapse, and those with back pain with DDD are clinically and radiologically different groups of patients with varying patterns, severity, and extent of disc degeneration. This is the first study in literature to compare and identify significant differences in these two commonly encountered patient groups. In patients with single-level DP, the majority of the other discs are nondegenerate, the lower lumbar spine is predominantly involved and the end-plate damage is higher. Patients with back pain and DDD have larger number of degenerate discs, early multilevel degeneration, and predominant upper lumbar degeneration. The knowledge that these two groups of patients are different clinically and radiologically is critical for our improved understanding of the disease and for future studies on disc degeneration and disc prolapse.     

Union versus nonunion after posterolateral lumbar fusion: a comparison of long-term surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis

It has been reported that in patients undergoing posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF), the fusion status is not related to the short-term operative results. To determine whether the fusion status influences the long-term operative results of PLF, we retrospectively examined the surgical outcomes of uninstrumented PLF for a minimum of 8 years (average, 9.5 years), by comparing cases exhibiting union with those exhibiting nonunion. Uninstrumented PLF was performed for the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Since nine patients were lost to final follow-up, the study included 42 patients, and the follow-up rate was 82.4%. The mean age of the patients was 64.1 years (range 46–77 years). Eight patients exhibited fusion at the L3–4 level and 34 patients, at the L4–5 level. The fusion status was assessed using plain radiographs. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. Nonunion was noted in 26% (11/42) of the patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups exhibiting union and nonunion with respect to age, sex, preoperative JOA score, or preoperative lumbar instability. The union group achieved better operative results than the nonunion group at the 5-year and final follow-up (P = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively) although there was no significant difference in the percent recovery at 1 and 3-year follow-up (P = 0.515 and 0.506, respectively). A stepwise regression analysis revealed that the best combination of predictors for percent recovery at the time of final follow-up included the fusion status and the presence of comorbid disease. The results indicate that the fusion status following PLF is a critical factor influencing the long-term but not short-term operative results in the treatment of LCS with degenerative spondylolisthesis.     

Outcome of the Graf ligamentoplasty procedure compared with anterior lumbar interbody fusion with the Hartshill horseshoe cage

The objective of our study was to assess the efficacy of Graf ligamentoplasty in comparison with rigid fixation and fusion with the Hartshill horseshoe cage for similar severity of disc degeneration. Although studies have been done on the Graf ligamentoplasty procedure and the Hartshill horseshoe cage, their efficacy has never been compared in any study. This study was done to decide whether retaining mobility and stabilizing the spine is best or stiffening the lumbar segment by fusion is preferable. Between 1995 and 1997, a prospective randomized study was performed comparing Graf ligament stabilization and anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Twenty-eight patients had single-level Graf ligaments inserted and 27 patients had single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with a Hartshill horseshoe cage and tricortical iliac crest autograft. The two groups were similar in age, sex, symptoms, severity of the disc degeneration, and duration of follow-up. The chi-square test and t-test were used to evaluate the outcome. At a minimum follow-up of 2.1 years, we found that 93% of patients who had undergone Graf ligamentoplasty had a satisfactory outcome (rated "excellent" or "better") compared to 77.8% of patients who had been treated with ALIF with Hartshill horseshoe cage stabilization and fusion, when measured on the Oswestry Disability Index (P<0.05). Retaining mobility in the lumbar segments gives better results after stabilisation with Graf ligaments than rigid fixation and fusion with the Hartshill horseshoe cage in the short term. We will be watching this cohort of patients over the next few years.     

微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术中单侧与双侧内固定治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病的荟萃分析

目的 对微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术（MIS-TLIF）中采用单侧与双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病的临床效果进行荟萃分析。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网数据库中建库至2022年4月的关于MIS-TLIF中采用单、双侧内固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病的对照研究,提取纳入文献的研究数据,通过纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对纳入文献进行质量评价。采用Review Manager 5.4软件对数据进行荟萃分析。结果 共18篇文献纳入研究,受试者总计1 201例,其中单侧组568例、双侧组633例。2组腰痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分与Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）改善值、并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;单侧组术中出血量、手术时间明显少于双侧组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;2组末次随访融合率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 MIS-TLIF术中采用单侧与双侧内固定治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病均能取得良好疗效,单侧内固定术中出血量更少、手术时间更短,但腰椎稳定性及术后融合率不及双侧内固定,且术后发生融合器移位和脊柱侧凸的风险更大。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病

目的评价单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(TLIF)治疗腰椎退行性疾病的长期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年3月-2007年10月采用单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合TLIF治疗的38例腰椎退行性疾病患者资料,记录手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估患者术前、术后疼痛情况,以日本骨科学会(JOA)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价疗效。通过影像学资料测量不同部位椎间隙高度及手术节段椎间Cobb角,并评估术后椎间融合情况,分析相关并发症。结果38例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间为120 min,平均术中出血量为200 mL,平均住院时间为12 d,手术切口均一期愈合。所有患者随访10~12年,平均11.3年,末次随访时VAS评分、JOA评分、ODI及影像学测量指标均较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时椎间总融合率为94.7%(36/38)。12例(31.6%)患者相邻节段发生退行性变。未发现继发性脊柱侧凸,未见融合器移位或螺钉松动、断裂等情况。结论单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合TLIF治疗腰椎退行性疾病手术创伤小,疗效显著,但必须掌握手术适应证。     

腰椎融合辅以邻近节段动态固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病的早期临床疗效观察

目的 评价腰椎融合辅以邻近节段K-Rod动态固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效及对腰椎运动功能的影响,探讨K-Rod动态固定对邻近节段保护的优劣.方法 回顾性分析2010年4月~2011年9月采用椎间融合辅以邻近节段K-Rod 动态固定及单节段椎间植骨融合内固定术的51例患者.A组（K-Rod组）24例患者术前邻近节段存在退变,行单节段融合辅以邻近节段K-Rod动态固定;B组（单节段融合组）27例患者术前邻近节段无不稳或退变,行单节段椎间植骨融合内固定术.对比评价2组腰腿痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数（ Oswestry disability Index,ODI） 、椎间隙高度、腰椎总活动度（range of motion,ROM）及头侧邻近第一节段活动度（ROM1）、头侧邻近第二节段或尾侧第一邻近节段活动度（ROM2）、保护节段及邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degeneration,ASD）发生率.结果随访 24~37个月.2组患者术后VAS评分及ODI均显著改善,且2组间差异无统计学意义.2组间腰椎总ROM术前及末次随访之间均无差异.A组保护节段末次随访时椎间隙高度与术前无差异.2组ROM1及ROM2术前术后相比差异均有显著统计学意义,2组间相比差异无统计学意义.A组末次随访时8例患者出现11（11/138,8%）枚螺钉松动;B组无螺钉松动.结论 腰椎融合辅以邻近节段动态固定具有较好的临床疗效,增加的动态固定保护了术前已存在退变的节段,避免了多节段融合,降低了单节段融合邻椎病的风险,因此适应证选择合适,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

经前侧方腹膜后入路腰椎椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效

目的探讨经前侧方腹膜后入路腰椎椎间融合术(OLIF)治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法 2015年11月—2016年9月,本院采用OLIF治疗腰椎退行性疾病患者16例。记录患者手术前后日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、椎间隙和椎间孔高度及并发症发生情况,以评价手术疗效。结果 16例患者均在OLIF微创管道下顺利完成所有手术,随访时间7~17个月。所有患者术后复查均未见椎弓根钉松动、断裂或Cage移位。至末次随访,仅1例椎间隙尚未融合,其余所有节段均已融合;2例Cage下沉,未见置入物松动;切口均一期愈合。所有患者术后腰椎JOA、VAS评分均优于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后椎间隙前缘、后缘及椎间孔高度均优于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 OLIF手术效果佳、并发症少,是治疗腰椎退行性疾病的一种较好的方法。     

A meta-analysis of artificial total disc replacement versus fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease

Lumbar fusion has been developed for several decades and became the standard surgical treatment for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). Artificial total disc replacement (TDR), as an alternative for spinal arthrodesis, is becoming more commonly employed treating lumbar DDD. It is still uncertain whether TDR is more effective and safer than lumbar fusion. To systematically compare the effectiveness and safety of TDR to that of the fusion for the treatment of lumbar DDD, we performed a meta-analysis. Cochrane review methods were used to analyze all relevant randomized controlled trials published up to July 2009. Five relevant randomized controlled trials involving 837 patients were identified. Patients in TDR group have sightly better functioning and less back or leg pain without clinical significance, and significantly higher satisfaction status in TDR group compared with lumbar fusion group at the 2-year follow-up. But these outcomes are highly influenced by the study with BAK cage interbody fusion, the function/pain and patient satisfaction status are no longer significantly different between two groups after excluding this study. At 5 years, these outcomes are not significantly different between comparing groups. The complication and reoperation rate of two groups are similar both at 2 and at 5 years. In conclusion, TDR does not show significant superiority for the treatment of lumbar DDD compared with fusion. The benefits of motion preservation and the long-term complications are still unable to be concluded. More high-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed.     

单纯椎间融合器腰椎前路融合术治疗腰椎退变性疾病

 目的 探讨采用经腹膜外入路单纯椎间融合器腰椎前路融合术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效。方法 34例患者, 男 10例, 女 24例;年龄 26~67岁, 平均 52岁。腰椎退变性滑脱 11例, 腰椎间盘源性疼痛 21例, 后路手术后复发前路翻修 2例。 L4, 5间隙 12例, L5S1间隙 20例, L4, 5、L5S1双间隙 2例。 34例患者均行下腹部小切口经腹膜外入路椎间盘切除单纯椎间融合器植骨融合术, 切口长度平均 7 cm, 记录手术时间、出血量和围手术期并发症。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)和 Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)评估患者术后症状改善情况。定期复查并摄腰椎 X线片及 CT, 观察脊柱融合情况。结果均顺利完成手术, 手术时间平均 90 min, 失血量平均 200 ml。 1例出现下腔静脉分叉处撕裂, 经修补后完成手术;1例出现腹膜撕裂, 予以修补。均获得 12~60个月随访, 平均 36个月。术后腰痛及下肢痛症状明显缓解, 均恢复正常生活和工作。 VAS评分由术前平均 7分, 降至未次随访时平均 0.5分。 ODI由术前平均 41%, 降至末次随访时平均 6%。除 1例外均未发现椎间融合器移位, 椎间临床融合率 97%。结论腹膜外入路腰椎前路融合不仅创伤小, 还可彻底切除退变椎间盘, 压应力侧大面积植骨, 融合率高, 术后可早期下床, 利于康复和护理。     

微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术治疗连续双节段腰椎退行性疾病

目的比较微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(MIS-TLIF)及传统开放TLIF治疗双节段腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法 2015年1月-2019年9月收治双节段腰椎退行性疾病患者56例,采用MIS-TLIF治疗26例(MIS-TLIF组)、采用传统开放TLIF治疗30例(TLIF组)。记录2组手术时间、术中透视次数、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、术后肌酸激酶(CK)等指标及并发症发生情况。术前及术后1周、3个月、12个月时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估腰腿痛程度及腰椎功能。采用Bridwell分级评估术后椎间融合情况。在术后腰椎CT上采用Rao分级评价螺钉位置。结果所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访(14.7±2.1)个月。MIS-TLIF组较TLIF组手术时间长,术中透视次数多,但术后卧床时间短,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);2组术中出血量、术后引流量及术后CK水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组术后各时间点腰腿痛VAS评分及ODI较术前均显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);MIS-TLIF组术后1周腰痛VAS评分较TLIF组更低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),2组术后3、12个月时腰腿痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);各随访时间点2组ODI差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组患者均未发生内固定松动或融合器移位等并发症。2组椎间融合率组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组A型螺钉分布差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),B型螺钉分布差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。术后共发生硬膜撕裂4例、下肢麻木加重4例、切口愈合不良1例,2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论 MIS-TLIF与传统开放TLIF临床疗效类似,且在手术时间、术中辐射暴露情况及椎旁肌肉损伤等方面并无明显优势,双节段腰椎退行性疾病患者建议选择传统开放TLIF治疗。     

单边椎弓根内固定加椎间融合器治疗腰椎退变性疾病

目的：比较单边和双边椎弓根内固定加椎间融合器治疗单节段腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效和影像学改变。方法2009年5月～2011年12月,回顾性研究84例单节段腰椎退变并接受单边或双边椎弓根内固定加椎间融合术的患者。分别统计比较2组患者出血量、手术时间、住院时间、植骨融合率、并发症发生率和内置物费用。术前和术后用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale ,VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index ,ODI）和日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association ,JOA）评分来评估2组患者的临床效果。融合节段平均椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角和腰椎侧凸角用来评估2组患者的影像学结果。结果术后平均随访24．5个月。2组患者之间的植骨融合率和并发症发生率比较差异没有统计学意义（P＞0．05）,但单边组的手术时间、出血量和内置物费用明显少于双边组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。2组内术后VAS评分、ODI和下腰痛JOA评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,但末次随访与术后12个月的各评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。术后2组患者融合节段平均椎间高度和腰椎前凸角较术前明显改善（P＜0．05）,腰椎侧凸角则无明显变化（P＞0．05）。2组共有2例硬膜囊破裂,3例术后浅表伤口感染。所有患者均未出现钉棒断裂及融合器脱出情况。结论单边椎弓根内固定加椎间融合术治疗单节段腰椎退变患者可以达到较满意的临床效果。     

后路椎体间融合治疗退变性腰间盘疾病、腰椎滑脱和腰椎手术失败综合征的疗效比较

目的探讨后路椎体间融合(PLIF)治疗退变性腰间盘疾病、腰椎滑脱和腰椎手术失败综合征的疗效比较。方法126例应用PLIF手术治疗患者,其中退变性腰间盘疾病(degenerative lumber disc diseases,DDD)52例、腰椎滑脱(spondylolisthesis,SL)43例、腰椎手术失败综合征(failed back surgery syndrome,FBSS)31例,术前和术后行Oswestry功能障碍评分(the Oswestry disability index,ODI)、腰痛及腿痛视觉疼痛评分(visual analog scales,VAS),评价治疗效果。结果随访12~26个月,平均18个月。ODI评分:DDD组减少22.5分,SL组减少28.2分,FBSS组减少22.2分,各组手术前后有统计学差异(配对t检验,P<0.05),各组间无统计学差异(方差分析,P>0.05)。腰痛VAS评分:DDD组减少4.1分,SL组减少3.8分,FBSS组减少3.2分,各组手术前后有统计学差异(配对t检验,P<0.05)各组间无统计学差异(方差分析,P>0.05)。腿痛VAS评分:DDD组减少3.8分,SL组减少3.5分,FBSS组减少2.2分,各组手术前后有统计学差异(配对t检验,P<0.05),各组间无统计学差异(方差分析,P>0.05)。结论PLIF治疗能够明显减轻DDD、SL和FBSS 3组患者的腰腿痛及改善相关功能障碍,但3组治疗结果间无统计学差异。     

The characteristics of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degenerative diseases

Purpose

A comparative study of the spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degeneration or herniation (LDD/LDH) in normal population was designed to analyse the role of sagittal anatomical parameter (pelvic incidence, PI) and positional parameters in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. Several comparative studies of these patients with asymptomatic controls have been done. However, in previous studies without lumbar MRI, a certain number of asymptomatic LDD patients should have been included in the control group and then impacted on the results.

Methods

Based on MRI findings, we divided 60 LDD or LDH patients and 110 asymptomatic volunteers into the normal group (NG) and the degeneration group (DG), which was further subdivided into the symptomatic (SDG) and asymptomatic (ADG) subgroups according to patients’ symptoms. Standing full spine radiographs were used to measure sagittal parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and sacrum-bicoxofemoral distance (SFD).

Results

The PI, SS and LL in DG were significantly lower than NG, while the SVA and SFD were significantly greater (P < 0.05). PI correlated well with the SS and LL in all subjects. However, the trend lines of SS or LL over PI were downward in DG. PI was similar in SDG and ADG (P = 0.716) but SS and LL were significantly lower and SVA was significantly greater (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

PI may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases. The secondary structural and compensatory factors would lead to a straighter spine after disc degenerative change.     

导航辅助经皮置钉微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的疗效研究

目的 评估导航辅助经皮置钉微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, MIS-TLIF）治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年2月,我科收治的腰椎退行性疾病病人60例,其中行导航辅助MIS-TLIF手术病人26例（导航辅助MIS-TLIF组）,行开放TLIF手术34例（开放TLIF组）。收集两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及并发症等情况;记录病人手术前后不同时间的腰痛、下肢痛疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index, ODI）;通过其腰椎X线、CT、MRI检查结果,评估椎间融合率、置钉精准率等影像学指标。结果 病人随访时间为24~36个月,所有病人均未出现神经、血管损伤等严重永久性并发症。导航辅助MIS-TLIF组的手术时间为（146.8±20.9） min,显著长于开放TLIF组的（133.6±15.8） min,其术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院天数分别为（172.4±71.2） ml、（130.0±40.6） ml、（5.8±2.2） d,显著低于开放TLIF组的（253.3±88.6） ml、（206.1±38.8） ml、（7.5±1.9） d,上述指标组间比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。导航辅助MIS-TLIF组术后2 d腰痛VAS评分为（3.1±1.6）分,显著低于开放TLIF组的（4.4±1.1）分,差异具有统计学意义（t=3.837,P＜0.001）;但两组病人术后3、6、12、24个月的腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分及腰痛ODI比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。导航辅助MIS-TLIF组和开放TLIF组的椎间融合率分别为80.77%、82.35%,置钉精准率分别为90.38%、88.97%,组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论 导航辅助MIS-TLIF术治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床疗效良好,置钉精准、安全性高,并且更加微创、出血少、术后腰痛轻微、康复快。