A comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and corpectomy in patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background  

The optimal surgical approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has not been defined, and the relative merits of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy (2-level or skip 1-level corpectomy) and fusion (ACCF) remain controversial. However, few comparative studies have been conducted on these two surgical approaches.     

Electromyographic characteristics of gait impairment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Aim

Gait impairment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is characterised by a number of kinematic and kinetic abnormalities. Surface electromyography (EMG) can evaluate the contributions of individual muscles to a movement pattern and provide insight into the underlying impairments that characterise an abnormal gait. This study aimed to analyse EMG signals from major lower limb muscles in people with CSM and healthy controls during gait.

Methods

Sixteen people with radiologically confirmed CSM and 16 matched healthy controls participated in gait analysis. Surface EMG was recorded during walking from four lower limb muscles bilaterally. The timing of muscle activation, relative amplitudes of each burst of activity and baseline activation during gait, and the muscles’ responses to lengthening as a measure of spasticity were compared using previously validated methods of EMG analysis.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, people with CSM had prolonged duration of activation of biceps femoris (12.5 % longer) and tibialis anterior (12.4 %), prolonged co-activation of rectus femoris and biceps femoris (5.14 %), and impaired scaling of the amplitude of rectus femoris and biceps femoris. Muscle activation in response to lengthening was similar between groups.

Conclusion

The results provide evidence for paresis as a contributory factor to gait impairment in CSM, indicated by impaired amplitude and the need for proximal co-activation to compensate for lack of distal power generation. Poor proprioception may have contributed to prolonged activation of tibialis anterior. Analysis of muscle responses to lengthening suggested that spasticity was not an important contributor. These findings have implications for the assessment and rehabilitation of gait impairment in CSM.     

颈椎前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病患者椎间盘组织中炎性细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨颈椎前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者椎间盘组织中炎性细胞因子的影响.方法 35例脊髓型颈椎病患者(CSM组)和30例颈椎外伤患者(对照组)均行颈椎前路手术治疗,观察治疗效果.采用固相分离放射免疫分析法(SPRIA)测定两组颈椎间盘组织中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)－α水平.结果病程≤6个月组优良率为81.8％,病程＞6个月组优良率为38.5％,两组优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CSM患者术前JOA评分为(9.73±2.12)分,术后JOA评分为(14.21±2.52)分,术后JOA评分显著高于术前(P＜0.05);CSM组颈椎间盘中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 颈椎前路手术是治疗CSM的一种较有效手术方法;IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α在颈椎间盘退变和CSM发病中起重要作用.     

手法治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床观察

脊髓型颈椎病(Cervical spondylotic myclopathy,CSM)是颈椎病各型中病情较重的一型,是手术治疗的主要范围,多作为手法治疗的禁忌证。2001年1月-2004年5月对手法治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者45例进行系统观察研究,总结如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组45例,男27例,女18例;年龄30~65岁     

Gait impairment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy controls

Introduction

Gait impairment is a primary symptom of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM); however, little is known about specific kinetic and kinematic gait parameters. The objectives of the study were: (1) to compare gait patterns of people with untreated CSM to those of age- and gender-matched healthy controls; (2) to examine the effect of gait speed on kinematic and kinetic parameters.

Materials and methods

Sixteen patients with CSM were recruited consecutively from a neurosurgery clinic, and 16 healthy controls, matched to age (±5 years) and gender, were recruited for comparison. Patients and controls underwent three-dimensional gait analysis using a Vicon^® motion analysis system, at self-selected speed over a 10-m track. Controls were also assessed at the speed of their CSM match.

Results

At self-selected speed, the CSM group walked significantly more slowly, with shorter stride lengths and longer double support duration. They showed significant decreases in several kinematic and kinetic parameters, including sagittal range of motion at the hip and knee, ankle plantarflexion, anteroposterior ground reaction force (GRF) at toe-off, power absorption at the knee in loading response and terminal stance, and power generation at the ankle. At matched speed, the CSM group showed significant decreases in knee flexion during swing, total sagittal knee range of motion, peak ankle plantarflexion and anteroposterior GRF.

Conclusion and implications

The findings suggested that people with CSM have significant gait abnormalities that have not been previously reported. In particular, there are key differences in the motor strategies used in the terminal stance phase of gait that cannot be explained by speed alone.     

Neurological recovery after surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy - a prospective study

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a common clinical problem. No study has examined the pattern of neurological recovery after surgical decompression. We conducted a prospective study on the pattern of neurological recovery after surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Patients suffering from cervical spondylotic myelopathy and requiring surgical decompression from January 1995 to December 2000 were prospectively included. Upper limbs, lower limbs and sphincter functions were assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Assessment was done before the operation, at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and then yearly after surgery. Results were analysed with the t-test. Differences with P-values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Fifty-five patients were included. The average follow-up period was 53 months. Thirty-nine patients (71%) had neurological improvement after the operation with a mean recovery rate of 55%. The JOA score improved after surgery, reaching statistical significance at 3 months and a plateau at 6 months. Thirty-six patients (65%) had improvement of upper limb function. Twenty-four patients (44%) had improvement of lower limb function. Eleven patients (20%) had improvement of sphincter function. The recovery rate of upper limb function was 37%, of lower limb function was 23% and of sphincter function was 17%. Surgical decompression worked well in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Seventy-one percent of patients had neurological improvement after the operation. The neurological recovery reached a plateau at 6 months after the operation. The upper limb function had the best recovery, followed by lower limb and sphincter functions.

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Résumé Les myélopathies cervicales sont un problème courant. Aucune étude n’a examiné la récupération neurologique après décompression chirurgicale. Nous avons conduit une étude prospective sur ce sujet, chez des patients ayant bénéficié d’une décompression pour myélopathie cervicale. Les patients opérés entre janvier 1995 et décembre 2000 ont été inclus dans cette étude. Les fonctions des membres supérieurs, des membres inférieurs et les fonctions sphinctériennes ont été évaluées selon le score de la JOA (Association Japonaise d’Orthopédie). L’évaluation a été réalisée avant l’opération, une semaine, deux semaines, un mois, trois mois, six mois, un an et chaque année après l’intervention chirurgicale. Les résultats ont été analysés selon le P test et en appréciant ensuite les résultats statistiquement ou non statistiquement significatifs. Cinquante-cinq patients ont été inclus. Le suivi moyen a été de 53 mois, 39 patients (71%) ont montré une amélioration neurologique après l’intervention avec un taux de récupération complète de 55%. Le score de la JOA a été amélioré à 3 mois avec un plateau de récupération à 6 mois. Trente-six patients (65%) ont vu une amélioration au niveau des fonctions du membre supérieur, 24 (44%) au niveau des membres inférieurs, 11 (5%) au niveau des fonctions sphinctériennes. Le taux de récupération au niveau des membres supérieurs a été de 37%, pour les membres inférieurs de 23% et pour les fonctions sphinctériennes de 17%. La décompression chirurgicale des myélopathies cervicales est une opération intéressante; 71% des patients ont vu une amélioration neurologique après l’intervention. Cette récupération atteint un plateau six mois après l’intervention. La récupération des membres supérieurs est la plus importante, suivie de la récupération des membres inférieurs puis de la récupération sphinctérienne. Mots clés : myélopathie cervicale, récupération neurologique.

     

Outcome factors in surgically treated patients for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Context/Objective: To investigate prospectively preoperative parameters that might be related to the outcome of surgically treated patients for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Single Center in Ioannina, Greece.

Participants: Thirty-six patients were included in the study. There were 21 males and 15 females, mean age 50.8 years, range 39–70 years. The mean BMI was 27.3.

Outcome measures: From each patient, we recorded age, sex, BMI, symptoms, duration of symptoms, comorbidities, lifestyle, myelopathy grade based on MRI and levels of compression. All patients completed the modified JOA (mJOA) and NPE questionnaires preoperatively and at 1, 3, 12 months and 5-years postoperatively.

Results: The mean mJOA score significant improved from 10.8?±?1.9 points preoperatively to 16.6?±?2.2 points at 12 months postoperatively. The mean mJOA score at 5-years postoperatively was 15.5?±?3 points. The difference was still highly significant. The mean NPE score significant improved from 59.8?±?12.2 points preoperatively to 28.2?±?8.5 points at 1 month, to 35.8?±?8.1 points at 3 month and to 28.2?±?8.8 points at 12 months postoperatively. Younger patients had significant higher baseline mJOA scores and significant higher mJOA scores 5-year postoperatively. No correlation was found between sex, BMI, symptom duration, baseline mJOA or myelopathy grade and outcome at 12 months or 5-year postoperatively.

Conclusion: Age was highly predictive factor of outcome for patients undergoing surgical treatment of CSM.     

促红细胞生成素在重症脊髓型颈椎病围手术期的应用

目的 观察促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗重症脊髓型颈椎病脊髓功能恢复情况,探讨EPO在重症脊髓型颈椎病围手术期治疗中的应用价值.方法 2009年6月至2010年6月间我科行手术治疗的重症脊髓型颈椎病病例43例,随机分为2组.其中22例(A组)围手术期使用EPO,21例(B组)不使用EPO.记录术前、术后1周、术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分计算患者的神经功能恢复率,统计并发症.使用ODOM标准评估远期神经功能变化.结果 两组年龄、性别构成差异无统计学意义,组间术前JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有患者均获1年以上随访,无死亡,无失访,未出现高血压、血栓疾病、心脑血管意外等并发症.影像学提示颈椎植骨融合良好,内固定稳定.与术前比较,术后1周及1年JOA评分均显著增加,差异有统计学意义;组间比较,A组改善率明显高于B组(P＜0.05).1年后ODOM评分,A组改善率明显高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 EPO的在围手术期的使用安全有效,能明显提高重症脊髓型颈椎病患者术后神经功能的恢复率.     

Subjective postoperative results in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Summary A retrospective study of operative results after a minimum follow-up period of five years was carried out in a series of 34 patients operated upon for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).In all the cases, myelography showed involvement of two or more intervertebral spaces. Constitutional spinal canal narrowing was not present, and only one operation was performed in each patient. Of the 34 patients, 16 also had symptoms of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR).Seventy-four percent of the patients thought that operation resulted in overall improvement of the preoperative clinical picture. This subjective improvement was similar whether the operative procedure consisted of anterior intersomatic fusion or of laminectomy.Amelioration of CSM symptoms occurred in only 8 of the 20 patients subjected to anterior fusion (40%), in contrast to 10 of the 14 patients subjected to laminectomy (71%). In the 16 patients with CSR symptoms associated with CSM, amelioration of CSR symptoms occurred in 6 of the 11 patients subjected to anterior fusion (55%), and in 4 of the 5 patients subjected to laminectomy (80%).It is suggested that laminectomy offers the best results for CSM, associated or not with CSR, when two or more intervertebral spaces are affected.     

显微镜下颈前路椎间隙减压治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病

目的:观察显微镜下颈前路椎间隙减压治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法:自2009年6月至2012年3月在显微镜下经颈前路行椎间隙减压治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病患者43例,其中男26例,女17例;年龄60~72岁,平均(64.9±3.7)岁。术前JOA评分7~12分,平均(9.5±1.8)分。采用JOA评分对手术前后的神经功能状况进行评定。结果:术后所有患者获得随访,时间10~18个月,平均(14.7±1.6)个月。术后JOA评分10~16分,平均(13.81±1.44)分,较术前明显改善(P<0.01)。根据功能改善率,优9例,良26例,中7例,差1例。结论:显微镜下颈前路间隙减压对老年脊髓型颈椎病有良好的疗效。     

Reduction in range of cervical motion on serial long-term follow-up in patients undergoing oblique corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Purpose

To determine whether motion preservation following oblique cervical corpectomy (OCC) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) persists with serial follow-up.

Methods

We included 28 patients with preoperative and at least two serial follow-up neutral and dynamic cervical spine radiographs who underwent OCC for CSM. Patients with an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) were excluded. Changes in sagittal curvature, segmental and whole spine range of motion (ROM) were measured. Nathan’s system graded anterior osteophyte formation. Neurological function was measured by Nurick’s grade and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores.

Results

The majority (23 patients) had a single or 2-level corpectomy. The average duration of follow-up was 45 months. The Nurick’s grade and the JOA scores showed statistically significant improvements after surgery (p < 0.001). 17 % of patients with preoperative lordotic spines had a loss of lordosis at last follow-up, but with no clinical worsening. 77 % of the whole spine ROM and 62 % of segmental ROM was preserved at last follow-up. The whole spine and segmental ROM decreased by 11.2° and 10.9°, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Patients with a greater range of segmental movement preoperatively had a statistically greater range of movement at follow-up. The analysis of serial radiographs indicated that the range of movement of the whole spine and the range of movement at the segmental spine levels significantly reduced during the follow-up period. Nathan’s grade showed increase in osteophytosis in more than two-thirds of the patients (p ≤ 0.01). The whole spine range of movement at follow-up significantly correlated with Nathan’s grade.

Conclusions

Although the OCC preserves segmental and whole spine ROM, serial measurements show a progressive decrease in ROM albeit without clinical worsening. The reduction in this ROM is probably related to degenerative ossification of spinal ligaments.     

影响颈椎后路减压内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病预后的影像学因素分析

目的:分析影响颈椎后路减压内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的预后影像学因素。方法 :回顾性分析2014年5月～2018年5月北部战区总医院神经外科接受颈椎后路减压内固定手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床及影像学资料(72例),其中男55例,女17例,年龄21～80岁,平均56.9±12.0岁,收集病程、压迫节段、术前/术后1周日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分、术前Cobb角、压迫节段内致压物最大径、有效颈椎管率、平均压迫率、脊髓横切面积、脊髓椎管占有率以及术后脊髓漂移距离、JOA改善率等相关资料。根据JOA改善率将患者分为:预后优良组(改善率≥50%)58例和预后非优良组(改善率50%)14例。运用单因素、多因素二元Logistic回归分析患者临床资料与影像学参数等预后相关因素,进一步绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating curve,ROC),选取尤登指数最大的数值作为划界值,明确预后相关因素临界值。结果 :单因素分析显示,预后优良组术前Cobb角12.81°±4.27°,有效颈椎管率(33.71±9.87)%,脊髓漂移距离3.38±0.62mm,致压物最大径3.83±0.83mm,脊髓椎管占有率(64.02±7.74)%,与预后非优良组术前Cobb角9.68°±4.00°,有效颈椎管率(22.86±8.78)%,脊髓漂移距离2.13±0.75mm,致压物最大径5.38±1.01mm,脊髓椎管占有率(69.21±9.28)%相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对上述相关因素进一步多因素分析显示,致压物最大径与脊髓漂移距离是脊髓型颈椎病预后主要影响因素(P0.05);ROC曲线显示,致压物最大径诊断临界值为4.950mm(曲线下面积为0.875);脊髓漂移距离诊断临界值为2.625mm(曲线下面积为0.897)。结论:致压物最大径与脊髓漂移距离是颈椎后路减压内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病预后的主要影响因素,且当致压物最大径超过4.950mm时,提示颈椎后路减压预后较差,术后脊髓漂移距离低于2.625mm时,提示颈椎后路减压预后不佳。     

超声骨刀在脊髓型颈椎病全椎板切除术中的应用

目的 :对比研究超声骨刀与高速磨钻应用于脊髓型颈椎病全椎板切除术的有效性与安全性。方法 :回顾性分析2014年1月~2015年12月我科收治的36例脊髓型颈椎病行全椎板切除术的患者临床资料,其中超声骨刀组16例(A组,男9例,女7例,年龄58.4±11.7岁)、高速磨钻组20例(B组,男11例,女9例,年龄61.6±12.4岁)。比较两组间手术节段、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术前及术后1周日本骨科学会(Japanese orthopedics association,JOA)评分、JOA评分改善率、围手术期并发症等指标。结果 :两组间手术节段、术前JOA无统计学差异(P0.05),A组和B组术中出血量分别为141.7±76.5ml和196.5±93.2ml,无统计学差异(P0.05);A组手术时间120.6±32.7min明显少于B组159.2±35.5min(P0.05);术后引流量为164.5±84.2ml明显低于B组的236.2±93.4ml(P0.05)。两组患者术后JOA评分(A组14.6±1.1分,B组14.5±1.6分)均优于术前(A组10.1±1.4分,B组10.8±2.1分,P0.05),但两组间术前、术后JOA评分及JOA评分改善率[A组(75.1±12.3)% VS B组(70.4±16.2)%]比较,无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组各发生硬膜囊撕裂1例,均无持续脑脊液漏及伤口感染病例。结论:脊髓型颈椎病全椎板切除术中应用超声骨刀可缩短手术时间及减少术后引流量,其安全性和有效性与高速磨钻相似。     

C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后颈椎矢状位序列的变化及其与颈椎功能的相关性

目的:探究颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后全颈椎矢状位序列的变化,探讨颈椎矢状位序列变化的意义及其与患者颈椎功能状态的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院2015年1月～2018年7月收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者164例,其中男性95例,女性69例,年龄64.8±18.3(48～86)岁。随访时间22.7±11.3(9～46)个月。所有患者均行C3-7后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。在患者术前和末次随访的颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位序列参数:C1-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、颈椎弧弦距(cervical arc chord distance,CACD)、颈倾角(cervical tilting,CERT)、颅倾角(cranial tilting,CRAT)、颈总角(cervical global alignment,CGA)、T1倾斜角(thoracic 1 slope,T1S),C7倾斜角(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂线轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。记录入组患者术前及末次随访时颈痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)及改...     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病后路椎管扩大成形术后椎间盘突出的短期变化

【摘要】 目的：观察多节段脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）患者颈后路椎管扩大成形术后3个月时椎间盘突出程度的变化。方法：收集2017年1月～2019年9月在我院行颈后路椎管扩大成形术的多节段CSM患者的临床资料,排除伴后纵韧带骨化患者,共纳入67例患者,男44例,女23例;年龄31～78岁（56.5±9.9岁）。在术前及术后3个月的颈椎矢状面MRI T1加权像上测量各节段颈椎椎间盘突出的大小,术前椎间盘突出≥2.0mm定义为较大椎间盘突出;术后3个月时突出大小较术前变化≤0.5mm定义为无明显变化,＞0.5mm定义缩小或增大,统计缩小、无明显变化和增大的椎间盘数,采用配对样本t检验及非参数检验比较手术前后较大椎间盘突出大小。结果：共测量335个椎间盘,术前314个椎间盘存在突出,C2/3 57个,C3/4 64个,C4/5 66个,C5/6 65个,C6/7 62个;中位突出大小为2.09（1.43,2.69）mm。其中163个突出≥2.0mm,C2/3 9个,C3/4 42个,C4/5 38个,C5/6 41个,C6/7 33个。术后3个月时313个椎间盘存在突出,中位突出大小为1.97（1.35,2.76）mm。314个术前存在突出的椎间盘中,83个（26.4%）椎间盘突出较术前缩小,175个（55.7%）无明显变化,56个（17.8%）增大。其中163个术前突出≥2.0mm的椎间盘术后3个月时54个（33.1%）椎间盘突出缩小,86个（52.8%）无明显变化,23个（14.1%）增大;C2/3、C3/4、C4/5、C5/6、C6/7较大椎间盘突出缩小、无明显变化和增大的患者分别为2、5、14、19、14例,5、28、20、19、14例和2、9、4、3、5例,其中C2/3、C3/4节段椎间盘突出大小与术前比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）,C4/5、C5/6、C6/7节段椎间盘突出大小与术前比较有显著性缩小（P<0.05）。3例（4.5%）患者因椎间盘突出较大或术后突出增大,症状缓解不明显而行二期颈前路手术。结论：多节段CSM患者行颈后路椎管扩大成形术后3个月内较大椎间盘突出程度可发生变化,约1/3的椎间盘突出可发生缩小,多见于C4/5、C5/6、C6/7节段;椎间盘突出增大的发生率较低。     

一期后前路减压融合内固定治疗慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤

目的评价一期后前路联合减压融合内固定治疗慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤的临床可行性及疗效。方法自2005年3月~2009年7月对23例慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤行一期后前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗,按照JOA评分标准评定患者神经功能状态。结果 23例获得随访18～56个月,平均24.6个月,JOA评分提高到(16.1±1.2)分,症状改善率88.6%。结论一期后前路联合减压植骨内固定术治疗慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤减压彻底,神经功能恢复好,在条件允许的情况下,应作为该类患者优先选择的手术方式。     

甲基强的松龙在脊髓型颈椎病围手术期不同用法的效果观察

目的:观察甲基强的松龙(MP)不同用法对脊髓型颈椎病患者术后神经功能的影响,探讨最佳用药方案。方法:选择2005年1月至2006年8月在我院脊柱外科手术治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者83例,男48例、女35例;年龄35～65岁,平均52岁;前路减压手术65例,后路减压手术18例。将患者随机分为4组:A组,术中使用MP组(n=20),脊髓减压前30min静脉快速滴注MP1000mg;B组,术后使用MP组(n=23),即术中不使用,术后1h开始静脉滴注MP80mg,每日2次,连续使用5d;C组,术中、术后使用MP组(n=19),脊髓减压前30min静脉快速滴注MP1000mg;术后1h开始静脉滴注MP80mg,每日2次,连续使用5d;D组,空白对照组(n=21),术中、术后均不使用MP。术前和术后1d、2周、3个月分别用美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)评分标准对患者神经功能评分,记录应用MP的相关并发症发生情况。结果:术前各组患者ASIA评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后1d、2周和3个月时,A、C组ASIA评分较B、D组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组与C组、B组与D组的ASIA评分比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。各组间并发症的发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:颈脊髓减压前30min快速静脉滴注MP1000mg能够显著改善脊髓型颈椎病患者术后近期的神经功能,术后小剂量应用MP则无明显改善效果。     

脊髓型颈椎病预后相关因素的研究进展

脊髓型颈椎病是临床常见的引起脊髓功能障碍的疾病。手术治疗是脊髓型颈椎病的主要治疗手段,然而患者的术后功能恢复差异较大。近年来,影响脊髓型颈椎病预后的因素受到广泛关注,患者的年龄、神经功能、病程、影像学表现、手术方式等相关因素成为脊髓型颈椎病预后研究的重点。目前认为患者年龄越大、术前神经功能状态越差、病程越长,患者预后越差。影像学对患者预后的判断有提示作用,但相关性尚不明确。选择手术方法和入路时应当以充分减压、稳定颈椎序列、保持后伸曲度、有效维持减压、防止并发症为主要原则,因此,脊髓型颈椎病的治疗应根据病情及影像学检查,早期选择合适的手术方式以获得更好的临床预后。     

单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合侧块螺钉治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎不稳

目的:探讨单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合侧块螺钉治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎不稳的疗效。方法:2010年3月至2012年10月,采用单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合侧块螺钉治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎不稳患者25例,其中男18例,女7例;年龄57~68岁,平均57岁。记录术前及末次随访时的JOA评分,对患者临床症状改善进行分析。同时记录Cobb角及颈椎活动度,分析颈椎退变程度。结果:33例患者均获随访,时间18~36个月,平均25.6个月。出现脑脊液漏1例,切口脂肪液化1例,C5神经根麻痹4例,JOA评分由术前的5.2±2.1增加至末次随访时的11.3±2.4(P0.05),Cobb角由术前的(6.5±3.4)°提升至末次随访时的(13.2±4.9)°(P0.05)。颈椎活动度由术前的(30.4±9.2)°下降至末次随访时的(26.5±8.7)°(P0.05)。结论:单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合侧块螺钉治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎不稳疗效良好,具有适用范围广、牢固等优点,但要减少并发症的发生。