Octreotide acts as an antitumor angiogenesis compound and suppresses tumor growth in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts

Purpose To investigate the effect of octreotide on angiogenesis induced by human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate whether octreotide can suppress tumor growth in nude mice bearing human HCC xenografts through inhibition of angiogenesis.Methods Using MTT assay, invasion assay, migration assay, and Matrigel assay, the effects of octreotide on endothelial cells stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated in vitro. MTT assay was also used to investigate the effects of octreotide on human HCC cells with high (MHCC97-H) and low (MHCC97-L) metastatic potential that were established from the animal model of human HCC LCI-D20 in nude mice. The expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), MHCC97-H, and MHCC97-L cells was detected by RT-PCR analysis. An LCI-D20 corneal micropocket model in nude mice was used to evaluate the effect of octreotide on angiogenesis induced by human HCC in vivo. Male nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with LCI-D20 tumor tissues for the tumor xenograft studies. Microvessel density was analyzed in CD34-stained tumor sections by the immunohistochemical SP method.Results In vitro, octreotide inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of HUVECs elicited by VEGF. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that HUVECs expressed the somatostatin receptor subtype SSTR3. In vivo, octreotide was sufficiently potent to suppress nude mice corneal neovascularization induced by tumor tissues from LCI-D20. Systemic administrations of octreotide produced a significant suppression of the growth of LCI-D20. In cell culture, MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L cells were insensitive to octreotide at concentrations that significantly inhibited endothelial cells proliferation. The HCC cells used did not express any known SSTRs. Immunohistochemical studies of tumor tissues revealed decreased microvessel density in octreotide-treated animals as compared with controls.Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the somatostatin analogue octreotide is a potent antitumor angiogenesis compound and the antiproliferative effect of octreotide on tumor growth in nude mice bearing HCC xenografts may be mediated, at least in part, by its suppressive effect on blood vessel supply. The somatostatin analogue octreotide might provide a useful and relatively nontoxic adjuvant therapy in the treatment of HCC.The work was supported by the grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui and Anke Pharmaceutical Co. limited (NO.01043708)     

Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on growth of human gastric carcinoma xenograft model in nude mice

AIM: To study effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on growth of a human gastric carcinoma cell in vivo. METHODS: Experimental mice were divided into control group, rhGH group, oxaliplatin (L-OHP) group and rhGH L-OHP group. Cultured human gastric carcinoma cells BGC823 were inoculated into right axilla of nude mice and carcinoma xenograft model was established successfully. Inhibitory rate of xenograft tumor growth was estimated by measuring tumor volume; expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax and Bcl-2 proteins of xenograft tumor was detected using immunohistochemical S-P method. RESULTS: Tumor growth inhibitory rate, the positive expression rate of PCNA, Bax and Bcl-2 were 49.3%, 58.2%, 65.2% and 59.2% in rhGH L-OHP group respectively; 46.6%, 62.5%, 59.7% and 64.7% in L-OHP group; 5.0%, 82.7%, 23.2% and 82.2% in rhGH group and 0, 77.8%, 23.5% and 80.3% in control group. There was significant difference between rhGH L-OHP group (or L-OHP group ) and control group or rhGH group (P < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between L-OHP group and rhGH L-OHP group and between rhGH group and control group. CONCLUSION: rhGH does not accelerate the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell in vivo.     

SU5416抑制胃癌生长和肝转移的实验研究

目的　研究血管内皮细胞生长因子抑制物SU5 4 16对裸鼠原位种植人胃癌生长和肝转移抑制作用 ,探讨其对癌细胞凋亡的影响。方法　建立人胃癌裸鼠原位种植转移模型 ,随机分为 4组。种植后第 1周开始 ,分别自腹腔注射生理盐水 (对照组 )、5 氟尿嘧啶 (30mg·kg-1·d-1,5 FU组 )、SU5 4 16(15mg·kg-1·d-1,SU5 4 16组 )、5 FU与SU5 4 16联合应用 (5 FU 30mg·kg-1·d-1,SU5 4 16 15mg·kg-1·d-1,5 FU +SU5 4 16组 ) ,每天 1次 ,共 7周。第 8周处死动物 ,测量原位肿瘤瘤重、抑瘤率、微血管密度(MVD)、胃癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI) ,观察肿瘤细胞肝转移情况。结果　对照组、5 FU组、SU5 4 16组、5 FU+SU5 4 16组的原位肿瘤瘤重分别为 (1.35± 0 .4 2 )、(0 .75± 0 .33)、(0 .34± 0 .14 )及 (0 .2 1± 0 .15 ) g ;抑瘤率分别为 4 4 .5 % ,79.3% ,84 .4 % ;肝转移率分别为 90 .0 % ,36 .4 % ,2 5 .0 % ,0 %。MVD分别为 14 .6± 5 .8,13.1± 4 .7,3.9± 1.8,2 .1± 1.5 ;AI分别为 (3.76± 2 .2 5 ) % ,(6 .81± 4 .92 ) % ,(9.82± 3.76 ) % ,(17.6 5± 9.85 ) %。与对照组、5 FU组相比 ,SU5 4 16组、5 FU +SU5 4 16组胃癌生长、肝转移及MVD受到明显抑制 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,AI明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　SU     

环氧合酶-2和血管内皮生长因子-C与胃癌淋巴管转移

目的　研究环氧合酶 2 (COX 2 )和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) C在胃癌组织中的表达及相关性 ,探讨二者在胃癌淋巴管生成和转移中的作用。方法　采用免疫组化方法和逆转录 PCR技术 ,分别检测了 6 4例胃癌石蜡组织中COX 2和VEGF C的表达及其中 2 2例胃癌新鲜组织中二者mRNA的表达。结果　 2 2例胃癌新鲜组织中COX 2和VEGF CmRNA表达阳性率分别为 82 %和73% ,其表达均高于相应的癌旁正常组织 (P <0 0 0 1) ,与 6 4例胃癌石蜡标本COX 2和VEGF C的表达结果较一致。且COX 2和VEGF C表达之间存在明显关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。二者在癌组织中的高表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移等密切相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　胃癌组织中有COX 2和VEGF C的高表达 ,而COX 2可能参与VEGF C淋巴管生成通路 ,它们的表达可能在胃癌淋巴管浸润和转移中发挥重要作用     

血管内皮生长因子小干扰核糖核酸联合双自杀基因抗胃癌作用的体外研究

目的 探讨联合应用靶向血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)小干扰RNA(siRNA)与双自杀基因yCDglyTK对人胃癌细胞的体外杀伤作用。方法 以磷酸钙纳米颗粒为载体介导空白质粒pcDNA3.1（-）null(空白质粒组)、靶向VEGF的干扰质粒pGenesil-shVEGF(干扰质粒组)、双自杀基因质粒pcDNA3.1（-）CV-yCDglyTK(双自杀基因组)及联合基因质粒pcDNA3.1（-）shVEGF-yCDglyTK（联合基因组）转染胃癌SGC7901细胞,未转染的胃癌细胞为空白对照组,经G418筛选稳定转染的胃癌细胞株,采用RT-PCR和免疫印迹法验证目的基因表达。给予前体药物5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)后,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)生长曲线、旁观者效应实验、Hoechst 33258染色及流式细胞术,观察各组细胞的生物学特性变化、凋亡细胞形态及凋亡率。采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行数据处理分析,组间多重比较采用LSD检验。结果成功建立4种转染不同质粒的胃癌细胞株,联合基因组及双自杀基因组均可检测到双自杀基因yCDglyTK的表达。MTT生长曲线显示5-FC作用24 h后,与空白对照组和空白质粒组相比,干扰质粒组、双自杀基因组及联合基因组吸光度值明显降低(P＜0.01)。当稳定转染联合基因的SGC7901细胞占60％、80％和100％时,细胞相对存活率分别为13.09％±2.40％、9.74％±2.83％及5.68％±1.03％。荧光显微镜下见双自杀基因组及联合基因组大量细胞呈现凋亡形态改变。流式细胞检测结果示干扰质粒组、双自杀基因组以及联合基因组的凋亡率分别为16.40％±4.68％、57.63％±4.96％及69.07％±4.69％,与空白对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论采用靶向VEGF siRNA与双自杀基因联合治疗可有效杀伤胃癌SGC7901细胞,诱导凋亡是其杀伤瘤细胞的重要机制之一。     

苦参碱联合5-氟尿嘧啶对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的　研究苦参碱和5 -氟尿嘧啶(5- FU)联用对人胃腺癌SGC 7901裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用及骨髓毒性作用。方法　将42只Balb/c小鼠分为阴性对照组(12 只)、5- FU组(6 只)、苦参碱A组(50 mg/kg,6只)、苦参碱B组(100 mg/kg,6只)、联合用药A组(苦参碱50 mg/kg+5 -FU,6只)和联合用药B组(苦参碱100 mg/kg+5 -FU,6只)。观察苦参碱和5 -FU联合用药对胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用,计算出相对肿瘤体积(RTV)和肿瘤抑制率(IR);取裸鼠骨髓,计数有核细胞数并进行骨髓集落培养。结果　联合用药B 组抑瘤作用为70. 4%,与其他各组相比疗效明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与联合用药A组相比,联合用药B组抑瘤作用亦显著增强(P<0.05)。联合用药组对骨髓的抑制作用与5 FU组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。骨髓集落培养后,与对照组相比,用药组骨髓集落明显生长旺盛。结论　苦参碱和5 -FU联用对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用明显优于两者单独应用;联合用药对裸鼠骨髓增殖期造血细胞抑制作用有所加重,但不损伤静止期骨髓干细胞。     

KDR单克隆抗体对荷人胃癌裸小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的:研究血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)受体Ⅱ单克隆抗体(KDR-mAb)抑制荷人胃癌裸小鼠肿瘤生长的作用.方法:将人胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)通过背部皮下接种裸小鼠制备荷人胃癌小鼠肿瘤模型.待肿瘤生长至直径100-300mm3时将荷瘤小鼠随机分为3组,分别腹腔注射KDR-mAb、5-FU和生理盐水进行治疗.10d后剥离瘤组织,比较3组肿瘤组织的体积和质量、计算抑瘤率;通过Real-timePCR法和免疫组织化学法分别定量检测VEGF在各治疗组肿瘤组织中的表达.结果:KDR-mAb在体内能显著抑制实体瘤的生长,抑瘤率为36.3%,肿瘤大小和肿瘤质量与对照组比较差异显著(1889.94mm3±396.64mm3vs9398.34mm3±7413.96mm3,1.07g±0.58gvs1.68g±0.18g,均P<0.05);KDR-mAb能显著抑制肿瘤组织中VEGFmRNA和VEGF蛋白的表达(P<0.05).结论:作为VEGF受体抑制剂,KDR-mAb在荷人胃癌细胞小鼠肿瘤模型中具有明显的体内抗肿瘤活性,对于人胃癌的临床治疗具有一定的应用前景...     

多希紫杉醇温敏纳米胶束对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的靶向治疗作用

目的:探讨多希紫杉醇温敏纳米胶束治疗人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的疗效.方法:采用裸鼠BGC-823胃腺癌动物模型,每组6只,随机分配至设立的多希紫杉醇非热疗和热疗组,多希紫杉醇温敏纳米胶束非热疗和热疗组以及生理盐水对照组等共8组,采用尾静脉给药方式,并恒温43℃对热疗组肿瘤部位进行热导向化疗,动态观察并测定肿瘤的体积、瘤质量抑瘤率,评价治疗效果,并观察实验期间动物的全身情况及相对体质量变化,评价毒副作用.结果:多希紫杉醇温敏纳米胶束热疗组人胃癌移植瘤表现出明显抑制,体积和瘤质量抑瘤率分别为81.5%和85.4%,显著高于多希紫杉醇温敏纳米胶束非靶向组(32.2%,37.5%)和多希紫杉醇注射液组(49.2%,58.0%)(P<0.05),且多希紫杉醇温敏纳米胶束热疗组的小鼠体质量与其他各组比较相对平稳,且饮食、活动正常,对正常组织的毒副作用明显减轻.结论:温敏纳米胶束具有良好的高效低毒体内抗肿瘤作用,作为一种新型的药物载体显示了良好的应用前景.     

CIK细胞对裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的: 探讨CIK细胞对裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用.方法: 用淋巴细胞分离液分离外周血单个核细胞, 给予多种细胞因子(rhIFN-γ、CD3mcAb、rhlL-2、rhlL-1), 诱导生成CIK细胞.培养人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901, 接种至40只裸鼠右腋皮下, 10 d后随机分2组, 每组20只, 分别为CIK组和对照组. 连续5 d在接种肿瘤细胞部位处给予CIK细胞和生理盐水注射治疗, 观察CIK细胞对胃癌移植瘤模型的抗肿瘤疗效.结果: CIK组胃癌肿块质量和生存期与对照组相比, 均具有显著性差异(1.21±0.34 g vs2.73±0.45 g, 65.8±6.2 d vs 44.3±4.8 d, 均P<0.01). 裸鼠体内实验表明, CIK细胞能够显著抑制胃癌细胞的生长, 其抑瘤率可达47.6%,明显高于对照组( P<0.01).结论: CIK细胞在裸鼠体内对人胃癌移植瘤有特异性抑瘤作用, 并可以延长裸鼠生存时间.     

VEGFR-3小干扰RNA对结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子受体3(vascularendothelial growth factor receptor 3,VEGFR-3)小干扰RNA对结肠癌细胞移植瘤模型生长的影响.方法:构建VEGFR-3小干扰RNA表达载体.将结肠癌LoVo细胞注射入裸鼠皮下建造裸鼠移植瘤模型.将15只裸鼠结肠癌模型随机分成3组:实验组(pG-siRNA/VEGFR-3重组质粒)、阴性对照组(pG-HK重组质粒)与空白对照组.分别瘤体内注射相应的siRNA混合物或转染剂混合液,每3 d注射1次,共注射3次,观察肿瘤体积的变化;6 wk后处死裸鼠,肿瘤称取质量,并进行qRT-PCR和Western blot测定VEGFR-3 mRNA和蛋白的变化,通过免疫组织化学进行微淋巴管计数.结果:实验组移植瘤体积和质量明显小于阴性对照组和空白对照组,有显著的统计学意义(P<0.001).实验组抑制率为52.75%,与对照组相比,差异有显著(P<0.001).qRT-PCR和Western blot测定VEGFR-3 mRNA和蛋白的变化比较,实验组有明显降低(P<0.001).实验组淋巴管计数较对照组差异显著(P<0.05).结论:VEGFR-3 siRNA可以抑制裸鼠结肠癌细胞移植瘤的生长,并减少裸鼠移植瘤淋巴管生成,能有效抑制结肠癌细胞的生长.     

SphK1对结肠癌lovo细胞的增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨鞘胺醇激酶1(SphK1)对结肠癌lovo细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法:培养人结肠癌lovo细胞株,实验分3组:对照组、PMA组和DMS组.PMA组加入佛波醇-12-豆蔻酸酯-13-乙酸酯(PMA,100nmol/L),DMS组加入N,N-二甲基鞘胺醇(DMS,50μmol/L),对照组加入等量的培养基.采用MTT法和克隆形成实验检测细胞生长增殖的变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Tranwell小室模型观察细胞迁移能力的变化,RT-PCR检测mRNA的表达,Westernblot检测蛋白的表达.结果:PMA显著促进细胞的增殖、迁移并抑制细胞的凋亡,DMS则显著抑制细胞的增殖、迁移并促进细胞的凋亡(对照组、PMA组和DMS组的细胞增殖活力:0.71±0.03vs1.05±0.05vs0.46±0.04;克隆形成率:1.32%±0.26%vs2.17%±0.17%vs0.73%±0.13%;凋亡率:16.25%vs9.15%vs32.58%;迁移细胞数:72.19±3.36vs98.46±6.25vs40.48±4.27;均P<0.05).PMA显著促进黏着斑激酶(FAK)的活性和表达,相反DMS则抑制FAK的活性和表达[对照组、PMA组和DMS组FAKmRNA的表达强度:0.151±0.008vs0.212±0.014vs0.114±0.021;蛋白:0.332±0.022vs0.374±0.029vs0.296±0.018;磷酸化FAK(p-FAKTyr397)蛋白:0.186±0.032vs0.234±0.017vs0.112±0.023;均P<0.05].结论:SphK1可促进lovo细胞的增殖和迁移能力并抑制细胞的凋亡,其机制可能是通过激活FAK通路而发挥作用.     

重组人生长激素对荷人胃癌细胞SGC-7901裸鼠移植瘤生长及VEGF表达的影响

目的:探讨重组人生长激素frhGH)对荷人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901裸鼠移植瘤生长及VEGF表达的影响.方法:免疫细胞化学染色法鉴定SGC-7901细胞株GHR表达状态,30只接种皮下移植瘤的裸鼠随机分为:对照组(生理盐水0.2 mL/d).低剂量rhGH组[0.5 U/(kg·d)],高剂量rhGH组[2.5 U/(kg·d)],连续给药14 d,观察并记录裸鼠体质量和肿瘤体积,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清VEGF含量,免疫组织化学法检测胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测VEGFmRNA表达.结果:SGC-7901细胞株GHR呈强阳性表达.自rhGH给药第3天起,rhGH给药组与对照组肿瘤体积相差悬殊(P＜0.05),且高剂量rhGHVg低剂量rhGH促肿瘤生长效应更加明显(P＜0.05),3组间裸鼠体质量差别不明显(P＞0.05).裸鼠血清VEGF含量,与对照组和低剂量rhGH组相比,高剂量rhGH组血清中VEGF水平明显升高,差别具有统计学意义(252.94 ng/L±15.32ng/L VS 49.94 ng/L4±5.73 ng/L,167.60 ng/L±9.54 ng/L.均P＜0.05).肿瘤组织VEGF蛋白的表达,对照组VEGF表达呈中度阳性;低剂量rhGH组和高剂量rhGH组VEGF表达量高,呈强阳性.肿瘤组织VEGF mRNA表达水平,高剂量rhGH组VEGF相对表达量明显高于对照组和低剂量rhGH组,差别具有统计学意义(0.647±0.0447 vs 0.3234±.0258,0.412±0.035 1.均P＜0.05).结论:rhGH能促进GHR阳性表达的SGC-7901移植瘤生长,并促进VEGF表达.     

Targeting EGFR activity in blood vessels is sufficient to inhibit tumor growth and is accompanied by an increase in VEGFR-2 dependence in tumor endothelial cells

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting agents such as kinase inhibitors reduce tumor growth and progression. We have previously reported that EGFR is not only expressed by the tumor cells but by the tumor endothelial cells (EC) as well (Amin, D. N., Hida, K., Bielenberg, D. R., Klagsbrun, M., 2006. Tumor endothelial cells express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not ErbB3 and are responsive to EGF and to EGFR kinase inhibitors. Cancer Res. 66, 2173–80). Thus, targeting tumor blood vessel EGFR may be a viable strategy for tumor growth inhibition. We describe here a melanoma xenograft model where the tumor cells express very little or no EGFR but the tumor blood vessels express activated EGFR. The EGFR kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (Iressa), retarded tumor growth with a size decrease of 38% compared to control mice, ostensibly due to targeting of the blood vessels. EC were isolated from tumors of gefitinib-treated mice. These EC were unable to proliferate in response to EGF and displayed relatively weaker activation of MAPK and AKT signaling in response to EGF compared to tumor EC isolated from vehicle-treated mice. In contrast, the tumor EC from gefitinib-treated mice expressed higher levels of VEGFR-2 both at the mRNA and protein level. In addition, these cells were less sensitive to EGFR kinase inhibitors in vitro but more sensitive to a VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that in tumor EC from gefitinib-treated mice there is a switch from dependence on EGFR activity to signaling via VEGFR-2. Our data provide a molecular rationale for combination therapies targeting both EGF and VEGF signaling on the tumor vasculature.     

Effects of Linomide on growth and metastasis of implanted human gastric cancer in nude mice

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Correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor concentration and the growth of human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice.

Seven human gastric cancer xenografts with different concentrations of EGF receptor were established in nude mice. The expression of EGF receptor in the tumors was demonstrated by Western blotting with anti-EGF receptor antibody, binding assay with 125I-EGF and immunohistochemistry with anti-EGF receptor antibody. Western blotting revealed EGF receptor doublet bands at molecular masses of 150 KDa and 170 KDa in all of the samples. The concentration of 125I-EGF binding activity in the tumors ranged from 36.0 to 11,000 fmol/mg protein, with a mean of 345 fmol/mg protein. EGF receptor was also demonstrated immunohistochemically on the apical border of the glands and the cell membrane of the tumor cells. There seemed to be a close correlation between the concentration of 125I-EGF binding activity and the doubling time of these tumors in nude mice (gamma = -0.68). However, no definite correlation was observed between EGF ligand binding and histological features of intestinal type or diffuse type. The expression of EGF receptor appears to facilitate the growth of human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice.     

Angiopoietin-1 targeted RNA interference suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth of esophageal cancer

AIM： To determine the inhibitory effect of the adenovirusbased angiopoietin-1 （Ang-1） targeted small interfering RNA expression system （Ad/Ang-1si） on the expression of the Ang-1 gene, cell growth and apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cell line Eca109. METHODS： siRNA-expressing adenovirus targeting Ang-1 gene was constructed using the Ad Easy System. Cultured Eca109 cells were transfected with Ad/Ang-1si （Eca109/Ang-1si）, and Ad/si was used to infect Eca109 cells as control （Eca109/si）. Ang-1 gene expression and concentration was determined with RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell （HUVEC） migration and proliferation were analyzed. After s.c. injection into athymic nu/nu mice, the tumor growth, vessel density and apoptosis of each group was also determined. RESULTS： HUVEC migration induced by conditioned medium from Ang-1si-transfected Eca109 cells was significantly less than that induced by conditioned medium from Eca109 cells and control adenovirustransfected Eca109 cells. Furthermore, after s.c. injection into athymic nu/nu mice, the tumor growth and cell apoptosis of Ad/Ang-1si -expressing Eca109 cells was significantly lower than that of parental or control adenovirus-transfected cells. Vessel density assessed by CD31 immunohistochemical analysis and Ang-1 expression by RT-PCR were also decreased. CONCLUSION： The targeting Ang-1 may provide a therapeutic option for esophageal cancer.     

血管内皮生长因子与血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子在老年人胃癌组织中的表达

目的　探讨老年人胃癌术前活检标本血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)和血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子 (PD ECGF)的表达及其与老年胃癌患者预后的关系。　方法　采用免疫组化法检测 92例老年胃癌VEGF、PD ECGF表达情况 ,并分析它们与胃癌临床病理特征关系及对预后的影响。　结果　VEGF、PD ECGF在胃癌组织的表达明显高于慢性萎缩性胃炎 ,进展期癌的表达又高于早期癌(P <0 0 1) ,VEGF、PD ECGF表达呈显著正相关 (相关系数R =0 4 0 5 4 )。VEGF、PD ECGF的阳性表达随着肿瘤大小、浸润深度、TNM分期的递增而呈上调表达 ,有淋巴结转移、血管癌栓的患者表达也明显高于无淋巴结转移、血管癌栓者 (P <0 0 1)。VEGF、PD ECGF阳性表达者总体生存率明显低于VEGF、PD ECGF阴性表达者 (P <0 0 1) ,VEGF、PD ECGF共同表达者生存率更低 (P <0 0 1)。多因素分析表明 ,淋巴结转移、TNM分期、VEGF的表达是老年人胃癌独立的预后因素。　结论　VEGF与PD ECGF表达呈正相关 ,均与胃癌生长、浸润转移关系密切 ,可作为估计老年人胃癌预后的重要因素。     

EPA and DHA attenuate ox-LDL-induced expression of adhesion molecules in human coronary artery endothelial cells via protein kinase B pathway

Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) by endothelial cells is a critical step for the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Adhesion molecules are inflammatory makers, which are upregulated by ox-LDL and play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. A number of studies suggest that fish and its constituents can reduce inflammation and decrease atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that fish oil constituents namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may reduce expression of adhesion molecules induced by ox-LDL. Cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were incubated with ox-LDL for 24 h. Parallel groups of cells were pretreated with DHA or EPA (10 or 50 microM) overnight before incubation with ox-LDL. Ox-LDL markedly increased the expression of P-selectin and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (both protein and mRNA) in HCAECs, and enhanced the adhesion of monocytes to the cultured HCAECs. Both EPA and DHA decreased ox-LDL-induced upregulation of expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1, and the enhanced adhesion of monocytes to HCAECs. To determine the role of protein kinase B (PKB) as an intracellular-signaling pathway, HCAECs were treated with the PKB upstream inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM) or transfected with plasmids encoding dominant-negative mutants of PKB (PKB-DN) before treatment with DHA. Ox-LDL alone downregulated the activity of PKB; DHA attenuated this effect of ox-LDL, and both wortmannin and PKB-DN blocked the effect of DHA. The present study in human coronary endothelial cells suggests that both EPA and DHA attenuate ox-LDL-induced expression of adhesion molecules, and the adhesion of monocytes to HCAECs by modulation of PKB activation. These effects may be important mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of fish and fish oils.     

全反式维甲酸和5-Fu对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤生长和端粒酶活性的影响

目的观察ATRA,5-Fu单独和联合应用对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤生长和端粒酶活性的影响. 方法34只裸鼠随机分成对照组、溶剂对照组、ATRA组、5-Fu组和AF组,分别于给药的d1,d 11测量瘤体积,并采用TRAP法测定端粒酶活性.结果用药后ATRA组(9.26±0.84)mm3、AF组(5.86±0.87)mm3瘤体积显著小于溶剂对照组(13.41±3.12)mm3(P<0.01),5-Fu组(5.92±1.25)mm3瘤体积显著小于对照组(13.19±2.60)mm3(P<0.01);用药后ATRA组、5-Fu组、AF组端粒酶活性分别为61%(与溶剂对照组比较,P<0.01)、100%,63%(与溶剂对照组比较,P<0.01).结论ATRA,5-Fu均能显著抑制裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长,ATRA与5-Fu合用在本体内实验条件下未发现有协同抗肿瘤作用,ATRA能抑制胃癌移植瘤端粒酶活性,而5-Fu对其活性无抑制作用,二者合用对胃癌移植瘤端粒酶活性无协同抑制作鼢用.抑制端粒酶活性可能是ATRA抗癌机制之一.