支气管源性囊肿与甲状腺舌骨导管囊肿各1例

报告1例支气管源性囊肿与1例甲状腺舌骨导管囊肿。2例患儿均因自幼颈前出现丘疹并缓慢增大就诊,无自觉症状。组织病理检查：例1示真皮下部囊肿,囊壁为复层鳞状上皮或假复层柱状上皮,见较多杯状细胞,诊断为支气管源性囊肿;例2囊肿的囊壁也为复层鳞状上皮或假复层柱状纤毛上皮,但未见杯状细胞,周围基质中见黏液腺,诊断为甲状腺舌骨导管囊肿。     

Hybrid cyst: A combined epidermoid and trichilemmal cyst

Seven cases of hybrid cyst, a combined epidermoid and trichilemmal cyst, are reported. Hybrid cysts occurred in five men and two women, and involved the scalp, cheek, back, arm, elbow, and forearm. The clinical diagnosis was usually cyst or sebaceous cyst. Microscopically, the upper portion of the cyst showed epidermoid keratinization in continuity with the surface epidermis, and was indistinguishable from an epidermoid cyst. Showing sharp transition from it, the inferior portion of the lesion displayed trichilemmal keratinization and was indistinguishable from a trichilemmal cyst. Hybrid cyst is not merely a newly described pathologic curiosity; rather, it forms a meaningful link between the two most common types of follicular cysts and adds weight to the body of evidence that most epidermoid cysts are related to the follicular infundibulum, while trichilemmal cysts are related to the follicular isthmus.     

An epidermoid cyst with a seborrheic verruca-like cyst wall

The epidermoid cyst with a seborrheic verruca-like cyst wall is a newly described variant of the epidermoid cyst. The cyst wall of this variant shows changes simulating seborrheic keratosis and verruca. Our case of a subcutaneous mass was shown histopathologically to have this variant.     

Pigmented follicular cyst

A pigmented follicular cyst is an infrequent variant of an epithelial cyst which has rarely been reported since it was first described about 10 years ago. The condition consists of a single pigmented lesion which occurs predominantly in adult men, and is usually located on the head and neck region. We report an example of a pigmented follicular cyst, which was located in the axilla.     

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst

Fourteen eases (9 female, 5 male) of proliferating trichilemmal cysts are reported The patients age-range was 40–80, 12 being over 60. The cysts were present for 2–50 years and enlarged in the months or years before the observation. Seven were ulcerated. In 4 with multiple lesions both proliferating and ordinary trichilemmal cysts were present. The histological features were typical in all but one patient (evolution towards squamous cell carcinoma?) with some variation from lesion to lesion and from area to area in the same tumour. The microscopic features suggest that the proliferating trichilemmal cyst must be considered an hamartoma of the terminal hair follicle, not only related to the isthmic segment of the outer root sheath but with some differentiation (smaller and more variable) towards the infundibular and matricial segments. The tumour is likely to be a proliferating trichilemmal cyst from the beginning and not a peculiar evolution of an ordinary, pre-existant, trichilemmal cyst.     

Ossifying trichilemmal cyst

Although a trichilemmal cyst is a relatively common benign cutaneous condition and ossification has been observed within many cutaneous lesions to our knowledge, the association between ossification and trichilemmal cyst has not been previously reported. We describe for the first time the case of a trichilemmal cyst with marked osseous metaplasia arising on the scalp of a 46 year-old woman. Microscopically the lesion showed the typical features of a trichilemmal cyst with the finding of intra-extraluminal foci of calcification and the exceptional feature of mature bone formation. No areas of mature cartilage were observed near the focus of ossification. The cutaneous bone may have been directly formed from osteogenic stromal elements without a cartilaginous precursor (membranous or mesenchymal ossification). The dystrophic calcification might also contribute to the bone-forming process.     

Cutaneous bronchogenic cyst

Bronchogenic cysts rarely affect the cutaneous surface, so they are difficult to diagnose clinically and are often confused with other types of cysts. We present the case of a young adult in whom a cystic lesion showing characteristics of a bronchogenic cyst was excised from the upper thorax area. We emphasize the fact that, in nearly all cases, the diagnosis of this pathology is made through a histopathological study, and we make special reference to the differential diagnoses.     

Congenital eruption cyst

An eruption cyst is an epithelial cyst of the oral mucosa. We report a case of a congenital eruption cyst successfully managed by removal of fluid from the cyst followed by close monitoring of the lesion until its remission once the teeth had erupted.     

Cutaneous ''bronchogenic'' cyst

A case of a congenital 'bronchogenic' cyst of the skin over the right scapula of a 4-year-old boy is reported. The continuity of its epithelial lining with the epidermis and its appendages is stressed and the consequences of this relationship for current theories about the pathogenesis of cutaneous ciliated cysts are discussed.     

Verrucous cyst.

Human papillomavirus has been detected in a variety of cutaneous premalignant and malignant conditions, as well as in benign cutaneous warts. Changes consistent with epidermis papilloma virus infection occurring in epidermal cysts have recently been reported in the dermatologic literature only in plantar epidermal cysts. We report five examples of a form of cutaneous cyst that is histologically distinctive and that has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. We describe five cases of epidermal cysts showing marked verrucous changes of their stratified squamous inner linings, some of which also show proliferative changes. Human papillomavirus genomes were detected via polymerase chain reaction. None of the DNA probes for Southern blot hybridization demonstrated homology with the human papillomavirus types usually associated with cutaneous warts or carcinoma. We believe this cyst to represent a newly described manifestation of human papillomavirus infection, and propose the name verrucous cyst for this entity. Further studies may reveal the specific human papillomavirus type(s) associated with the verrucous cyst.     

Parameatal urethral cyst

Cyst formation in the parameatal area of the urethra is an uncommon entity. It was first reported in two male cases as recently as 1956 by Thompson and Lantin. Further reports have been rare. Herein, we report a case of a 21 year-old male having a spherical, cystic swelling 1 cm in size at the external urethral meatus. The diagnosis of parameatal urethral cyst was made and the cyst was excised. Histopathological examination revealed a monolocular cyst lined with transitional cells. The postoperative period was uneventful.     

皮肤支气管源性囊肿(Bronchogenic Cyst of the Skin)一例报告

皮肤支气管源性囊肿是一种由支气管上皮组成的皮肤囊肿性异位性胎瘤(Cutaneous cystic heterochthonous teratomaconsisting of bronchial epithelium),可能是在胚胎发育期中由错误移置的原基性胚芽细胞演变而成的.通常发现于出生时或出生后不久,其次为儿童期,发生于成年以后者甚少.