寄生虫疫苗免疫剂量的研究现状

迄今,寄生虫病仍是全球范围内,特别是发展中国家的重要公共卫生问题之一.随着免疫学和分子生物学技术的发展,寄生虫疫苗已成为防治寄生虫病的重要手段之一.其中疫苗免疫剂量是影响其免疫效果的重要因素之一.疫苗的剂量过低,不能刺激机体产生足够强的免疫反应;剂量过高,则可能引起免疫耐受或毒性反应,因此,确定合适的免疫剂量是疫苗研究的关键.该文就血吸虫、弓形虫和旋毛虫等寄生虫疫苗免疫剂量的研究现状作一综述.     

我国农村土源性寄生虫病防治新模式探讨

目的探索我国土源性寄生虫病综合防治新模式。方法在我国选择8个省（自治区）作为土源性寄生虫病综合防治示范区,采取行政部门组织协调、健康教育、药物驱虫以及环境改造等措施开展寄生虫病综合防治。结果通过3年防治,各示范区居民土源性寄生虫感染率大幅度下降。主要的组织保障措施有3种模式,健康教育有3种模式,组织群众服药驱虫有4种模式,改水改厕和整治环境有2种模式。结论通过各示范区的工作,总结提出了具有地方特色,行之有效的寄生虫病综合防治新模式。     

寄生虫重组双歧杆菌疫苗研究进展

寄生虫病是严重威胁人类和动物健康的传染病之一,研制疫苗防治该病是当前研究的热点领域之一.随着寄生虫病和寄生虫学研究的深入,该领域取得很多进展,重组双歧杆菌疫苗以其独特的优点成为一种可行的新型疫苗,该文就寄生虫病重组双歧杆菌疫苗的研究进展进行了综述.     

我国农村地区重点寄生虫病健康教育现状及发展方向的思考

寄生虫病是行为性疾病。健康教育作为预防控制寄生虫感染的重要措施之一, 在推动我国农村寄生虫病防治进 程中发挥了重要的作用。本文对寄生虫病健康教育的发展历程、 当前农村地区寄生虫病健康教育干预模式及其效果等进 行了综合评述, 系统总结了各类模式在寄生虫病防治中的作用和影响; 并就当前寄生虫病防治形势及防治目标对我国农 村地区健康教育发展方向提出了建议。     

山东省土源性线虫感染防治

10年前 ,人体寄生虫分布调查结果显示 ,全省城乡居民寄生虫平均感染率为 5 6.3 % ,估计全省有 45 0 0万人感染寄生虫 ,其中 85 %系土源性线虫感染者 [1 ]。卫生部制订的“九五”全国寄生虫病防治计划要求 ,钩虫病等肠道寄生虫病感染率比 1 995年平均下降 2 0 %～3 0 %。为了达到全国寄生虫病防治计划中的即定目标 ,“九五”期间 ,我省重点抓了对钩虫等土源性线虫感染的防治。1　防治措施和监测方法1 .1　技术措施采取以驱虫治疗为主的综合措施。根据不同流行程度 ,实行集体驱虫或选择性驱虫 ,并抓好重点人群的防治 ;实施健康教育和粪便管理…     

《实用寄生虫病学》即将出版

《实用寄生虫病学》一书是由卫生部寄生虫病专家咨询委员会委员、江苏省寄生虫病防治研究所吴中兴教授和郑葵阳博士等 10多位寄生虫病、寄生虫学、流行病学和健康教育专家积累多年教学、科研和现场实践工作经验及近年国内外寄生虫病防治方面的新进展、新成就编写而成。并承南京医科大学寄生虫学专家叶炳辉教授和传染病临床专家屠聿修教授审阅。全书约 4 0余万字 ,有健康教育和健康促进、寄生虫病防治的卫生经济学评价等专题 ;并有彩色插图及国家有关寄生虫病、疟疾等“十 .五”防治规划摘要。本书对从事寄生虫学和寄生虫病的研究人员 ,对临…     

猪带绦虫TSOL18疫苗的研制现状

猪囊尾蚴病是一种严重危害人类健康的人兽共患寄生虫病,主要流行于中非、南非、拉丁美洲、东亚和南亚等地区.采用疫苗防治该病是当前研究的热点.该文对TSOL18的编码基因、DNA疫苗和蛋白疫苗等方面的研究现状进行了综述.     

祥云县寄生虫病综合防治示范区人群干预措施效果评价

目的评价祥云县寄生虫病综合防治示范区实施人群干预措施的效果,为制定合理的寄生虫病防治措施提供参考依据。方法 2006年对示范区土源性线虫感染率进行基线调查后,连续3年实施健康教育、药物驱虫、改水、改厕和改造环境等干预措施,2009年对寄生虫病综合防治效果进行评估。结果 2009年居民寄生虫病防治知识知晓率为86.96%,与2006年（35.20%）相比,上升了147.05%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=122.95,P=0）;2009年居民健康行为合格率（97.10%）与2006年（48.00%）相比,上升了102.30%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=128.27,P=0）。2006年示范区人群寄生虫总感染率为19.14%,2009年下降至2.47%,两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=162.88,P=0）。在土源性线虫感染中,2006年和2009年蛔虫感染率均为最高,分别为18.74%和2.08%。结论祥云县寄生虫病综合防治示范区实施以健康教育为先导、以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施效果显著,达到了降低人群寄生虫感染率、增进人民群众健康水平的目的。     

《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2020年征稿启事

《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》创刊于1983年,为双月刊。是国家卫生健康委员会主管,中华预防医学会和中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所主办的医学科技期刊,主要报道有关人体寄生虫学与寄生虫病的新研究成果和防治经验等,致力于推动我国寄生虫病科研、防治和教学等工作,提高专业人员的业务水平,促进国内外学术交流。     

《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2020年征稿启事

《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》创刊于1983年,为双月刊。是国家卫生健康委员会主管,中华预防医学会和中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所主办的医学科技期刊。主要报道有关人体寄生虫学与寄生虫病的新研究成果和防治经验等,致力于推动我国寄生虫病科研、防治和教学等工作,提高专业人员的业务水平,促进国内外学术交流。     

寄生虫基因组的研究进展

随着对寄生虫病和寄生虫学研究的深入,该领域已经取得了很多重大的进展.但是我们必须清醒地认识到整个寄牛虫领域的现实情况依然不容乐观,如对一些传统寄生虫病的防治还没有取得根本性的改观,新的动物源性寄生虫和机会性致病寄生虫又不断地出现,寄生虫的分类地位、致病机制、寄生虫病的诊断,尤其在药物和疫苗防治等方面也面临一系列的困难,这些问题的解决最终都要依靠人们在更基础的分子水平上寻找答案,所以开展寄生虫基因组的研究意义深远.     

The new generations of vaccines against parasites

The protection of humans and domestic animals against parasitic infections remains a major goal, especially in light of developing of drug resistant strains in many parasite species. "Classic" vaccines are based on attenuated infective stages of protozoan and helminth parasites. Although such vaccines are effective in confering host immunity against several protozoan (coccidiosis, giardiosis, toxoplasmosis) diseases and one helminth (dictyocaulosis) they are very unstable and expensive. Recombinant techniques enable to obtain protective antigens quickly and in considerable quantities, cultivating of the bacteria and purification of the recombinant protein is less expensive than the maintenance of host animals and isolation of the protective antigens from harvested parasites. Moreover, the cloned protective antigens may be deprived of epitopes responsible for immunopathology. However, at present only one anti-parasite recombinant protein vaccine is commercially available (TickGARD). Such a situation may result from that many protective parasitic antigens cannot be expressed in bacteria or yeast in anative from. DNA vaccines present many advantages over protein ones. Firstly, the antigenic proteins synthesised within the host cell possess an appropriate molecular structure and undergo a post-translational modifications specific for a native protein. The next advantage of DNA vaccines is that DNA is easier to handle and more resistant than proteins to temperature changes. DNA vaccines are likely to induce novel mechanisms of immune response, which may be beneficial in case of parasitic invasions. Costs of DNA vaccines are comparable, and may be even lower, in comparison to recombinant protein vaccines. The main obstacle preventing the use of DNA vaccines is still lack of the complete knowledge concerning mechanisms of their action. Vaccines based on transgenic plants (=edible vaccines), expressing the protective parasitic antigens, present another promising approach in research on anti-parasitic vaccines. Such vaccines may be of special importance in prevention of infections with gastrointestinal parasites.     

寄生蠕虫免疫逃避机制的研究进展

蠕虫感染可导致宿主脏器、消化道等发生病理损伤,危害人和动物的健康,造成繁殖能力下降,抑制幼年动物的生长发育,严重情况下甚至可导致人和动物的死亡,对公共卫生和畜牧业经济发展造成重大影响。目前,蠕虫病的防控主要依靠包括驱虫在内的综合防治措施,但由于药效不佳、药物残留、耐药性的产生等问题,新型药物及疫苗研发迫在眉睫,迄今为止少有理想的疫苗来防治蠕虫病。这是由于蠕虫在长期进化的过程中,进化出了逃避宿主免疫攻击的机制,例如免疫隔离、抗原变异、分子模拟等。因此,本文综述近年来寄生蠕虫免疫逃避机制的最新研究进展,旨在为开发有效防控蠕虫病的新型疫苗或药物提供参考。     

中国寄生虫种质资源平台建设的理论与实践

寄生虫虫种资源,不但是开展寄生虫学和寄生虫病防治研究的物质基础,而且由于其在分类学中的地位,寄生虫也是整个生命科学研究中不可缺少的重要生物资源。本文着重阐述寄生虫种质资源的基本概念与理论,提出了我国寄生虫种质资源平台建设的目标、实施方案和技术路线,以进一步提升我国寄生虫种质资源的保护与利用水平。     

溧阳市农村居民重点寄生虫感染现状及防治知识 态度和行为调查分析

目的 了解溧阳市农村居民重点寄生虫感染现况及其相关防治知识、态度、行为状况,为制定相应的防治策略与措施提供依据。方法 在溧阳市抽取3个乡（镇）各1个村共3个调查点,调查对象为3岁以上居住超过6个月的居民。采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查居民粪便中肠道寄生虫虫卵,透明胶纸肛试法检查3～6岁儿童蛲虫卵,碘液涂片法和生理盐水涂片法检查肠道原虫包囊或滋养体,并用试管滤纸培养法鉴定钩虫虫种。同时,通过问卷调查居民重点寄生虫病防治知识、态度和行为状况。结果 3个农村调查点共调查759人,检出寄生虫感染2人,总感染率为0.26%,均为轻度感染,无混合感染。年龄及文化程度是影响居民寄生虫病防治知识知晓率的重要因素。饭前便后洗手、不喝生水基本卫生行为形成率分别为83.8%、92.1%;11.6%的村民平时生吃、半生吃淡水鱼虾,53.0%的村民没有生熟砧板分开处理食物;使用新鲜粪便施肥、赤脚下地劳动的居民分别占13.8%、22.8%。觉得能改掉、不能改掉、不确定能否改掉寄生虫感染风险行为习惯的分别占40.2%、28.5%和31.4%。结论 溧阳市农村居民重点寄生虫感染水平较低,寄生虫病防治知识知晓率也低,应加强居民寄生虫病防治宣传教育,改变不良卫生、饮食及劳作习惯,持续改善环境卫生,以阻断居民感染寄生虫的途径。     

“一带一路”建设中重要寄生虫病防控面临的挑战与对策

我国曾是全球寄生虫病流行和疾病负担最重的国家之一。新中国建立后，在党和政府领导下，经过60余年的积极防治，我国寄生虫病防治工作取得了举世瞩目的成就。然而，受社会经济发展、环境生态变化、国际交流加强等因素的影响，寄生虫病防控面临新的挑战，输入性疟疾、血吸虫病、利什曼病、丝虫病和锥虫病等寄生虫病时有发生并日渐增多。随着 “一带一路”倡议的深入展开、国际交流的快速发展，更将会加大这类疾病的输入，并引起流行与传播的风险。本文在回顾我国寄生虫病防治经验与成效的基础上，梳理“一带一路”建设沿线相关国家和地区主要寄生虫病的流行现状，分析当前在“一带一路”建设进程中我国寄生虫病防控面临的风险与挑战，并提出相应建议，为我国及时预防此类寄生虫病的发生和发展、制定有效防控策略提供科学依据。     

Approaches to developing a procedure for mapping water basin regions, by using the parasitological criteria

The structure of a parasite system is formed and its functioning takes place in qualitatively different environments. The aquatic environment serves as a source of new elements and modules, energy, and information for parasite systems. And the parasite systems, for their part, affect the physical and biological parameters of the environment. Many intestinal infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms generally characterized by an acute disease course are related to a water factor. Such are typhus, typhoids, dysentery, cholera, salmonellosis, virus hepatitis, and others. Many parasitic diseases caused by pathogenic intestinal protistae (lambliasis, amebiasis, balantidiasis), blood parasite protistae (malaria), helminthes (opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis, diphyllobothriasis, cercariosis, pseudoamphistomosis) are also closely related to a water factor. Ascaridiasis, hymenolepiasis, trichocephalosis, and echinococcosis have a less close but still self-evident relationship to a water factor. The clbse relationships of many parasitic diseases to a water factor are also determined by the fact that the life cycles of many parasites necessarily include various intermediate hosts and parasite vectors, such as fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, and insects, which are aquatic organisms at some stages of their life. The results of continuous exposure of people to parasitic diseases are quite similar to the suppressive effects of the environment in the ecologically troublesome regions. The most prognostically useful information is formed while mapping by medical and ecological regions, by employing a combination of current mathematical and cartographical methods. The former include cluster analysis, quartering method, informational logical analysis, which are all described in this article and others. Regional mapping using the parasitological criteria should achieve at least two goals: 1) a scientific one that aids in finding causative connections and to prognosticate a situation; 2) a practical one that assists in developing regional programs for disease control and prevention. It is necessary to use the recommendations described in detail in the article in order to have the maximum results during medical and ecological mapping by the regions with a future goal of obtaining useful prognostic information.     

Vaccines in pregnancy

The concept of maternal immunization to prevent infectious diseases during a period of increased vulnerability in the infant is supported by historical experience and carefully conducted studies of various viral and bacterial vaccines. Candidate vaccines should be minimally reactogenic, immunogenic, and safe. Health education and access to immunization should be a priority if maternal immunization is to succeed as a disease prevention strategy. The potential effect on the incidence of disease in the newborn and young infant can only increase as more candidate vaccines that could be administered during pregnancy become available. In the future, common infections and other, more dreaded diseases, such as herpes simplex virus infection, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, could be prevented with this intervention. Further research on the safety and efficacy of maternal immunization must continue if the occurrence of serious infectious diseases in neonates and young infants is to be reduced.