湖北地区HIV阳性人群口腔内HPV感染状况研究

目的：对HIV感染者口腔黏膜乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染进行研究,并对比其中女性宫颈的感染状况,了解湖北地区HIV感染者口腔内HPV感染的流行和分布,证实HPV与HIV之间及相关疾病的相互关系。方法：收集40例自愿接受检查的HIV感染者的一般情况,检测其CD4＋T细胞计数,并对受检者中的女性进行宫颈检测,使用PCR方法检测口腔及宫颈处HPV亚型,采用SPSS 17．0软件进行统计分析。结果：有1例（2．5％）患者检测出口腔HPV52型,10例女性患者（38．5％）在宫颈黏膜样本中检测出HPV感染,且有2例同时检测出2种以上HPV基因型。结论：HIV感染者口腔内HPV感染率远低于宫颈黏膜HPV感染率,两区域间HPV感染状况没有明显联系。     

桂林地区口腔黏膜白斑中人乳头瘤病毒的检测

目的:探讨桂林地区口腔黏膜白斑与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)亚型的关系。方法:运用PCR-反向斑点杂交法,检测桂林地区15例口腔黏膜白斑患者和21例正常口腔黏膜标本的DNA,对两组的阳性率进行χ2检验。结果:口腔黏膜白斑组,15例病人5例HPV呈阳性,均为16型。21例正常口腔黏膜标本中,4例HPV呈阳性,均为16型。两组比较,χ2=0.3429,P>0.05。结论:口腔黏膜白斑的发生与HPV无确切关系,但不排除HPV是口腔黏膜白斑的发病因素之一。     

口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞癌中bFGF的表达及意义

目的　探讨口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中bFGF的表达及意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法对 10例正常口腔黏膜、2 7例口腔扁平苔藓、2 4例口腔白斑及 3 0例口腔鳞癌分别进行检测。结果　口腔鳞癌组织中bFGF高表达 ,明显高于正常口腔黏膜、口腔扁平苔藓和口腔白斑组织 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;口腔扁平苔藓和口腔白斑组织中bFGF表达高于正常口腔黏膜 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　bFGF的过表达在口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中起着十分重要的作用 ,可以将其作为预测口腔黏膜恶变潜能的重要标志物     

口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞癌中的bFGF的表达及意义

目的 探讨口腔黏膜癌前病及口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中bFGF的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法对10例正常口腔黏膜、27例口腔扁平苔藓、24例口腔白斑及30例口腔鳞癌分别进行检测。结果 口腔鳞癌组织中bFGF高表达，明显高于正常口腔黏膜、口腔扁平苔藓和口腔白斑组织（P＜0．05）；口腔扁平苔藓和口腔白斑组织中bFGF表达高于正常口腔黏膜（P＜0．05）。结论 bFGF的过表达在口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中起着十分重要的作用，可以将其作为预测口腔黏膜恶变潜能的重要标志物。     

口腔鳞癌对口腔黏膜菌群的影响

目的 探讨口腔鳞癌对口腔黏膜菌群的影响。方法 分别检测42例口腔鳞癌患者病变区黏膜、对侧正常黏膜所培养细菌的数量、构成比和检出率。结果 病变区黏膜每平方厘米细菌量(x=5.21×10~5 CFU/cm~2,lgx=5.7169)远高于对侧正常黏膜,优势菌群发生改变,病变区黏膜有外籍菌定植(白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌)。结论 口腔鳞癌可导致患者口腔菌群失调,增加感染的危险性,易继发局部或全身感染。     

HPV与Survivin在口腔上皮组织中致癌作用研究

目的:研究口腔鳞癌(OSCC)及口腔黏膜白斑(OLK)组织中HPV感染与Survivin的表达,探讨上皮组织肿瘤的形成机制。方法:应用原位杂交法和免疫组化染色法分别检测30例OSCC组织,20例OLK组织及20例正常口腔黏膜组织中HPV及Survivin的表达情况。结果:Survivin在OSCC中的表达高于OLK中的表达,具有统计学意义。HPV阴性的OSCC中Survivin的表达明显高于HPV阳性OSCC组织;HPV阳性的OLK中survivin的表达明显高于HPV阴性的OLK组织。结论:Survivin可能通过抑制细胞凋亡调节HPV对口腔上皮的致癌作用,HPV感染对Survivin的表达水平存在调节作用。     

口腔鳞癌中人乳头瘤病毒感染及树突状细胞分布的相关性研究

目的：探讨口腔鳞癌（OSCC）中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染与树突状细胞（DC）分布的关系。方法：采用原位杂交技术（IsH）检测56例OSCC、26例口腔白斑（OLK）和10例正常口腔黏膜中HPVl6／18的感染情况,免疫组化EnVision法观察其中DC的分布表达。结果：OSCC和OLK组HPVl6／18感染率显著高于正常组（P〈0．05）,HPVl6／18感染与吸烟有一定相关性（P〈0．05）。HPVI~5／18感染的OSCC组织中CDla低表达（P〈0．01）。结论：ISH是检测HPV较理想的方法,HPV感染是部分口腔鳞癌的病因学因素,HPV感染患者局部免疫功能低下可能导致肿瘤免疫逃逸。     

癌基因c-fos,c-jun在口腔鳞癌的表达研究

目的:检测癌基因c-fos、c-jun在口腔鳞癌、癌旁黏膜的表达,探讨其与口腔鳞癌发生发展的关系。方法:采用免疫组化S-P法对正常口腔黏膜、口腔鳞癌及癌旁黏膜中c-fos、c-jun的表达情况进行检测。结果:c-fos、c-jun在正常口腔黏膜不表达,在口腔鳞癌及癌旁黏膜表达较强,c-fos、c-jun的表达水平与癌组织的分化程度有关(P<0.05)。结论:c-fos、c-jun的表达水平可作为判定口腔鳞癌分化的指标,c-fos、c-jun可作为口腔黏膜早期癌变和口腔鳞癌的生物学标记物。     

口腔鳞癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒16型的原位杂交研究

目的：探讨HPV16-E6基因在口腔粘膜白斑，口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其在口腔鳞癌发生、发展过程中的意义及分布特征。方法：应用地高辛标记的HPV16-E6的寡核酸探针分别对口腔鳞状细胞癌组织，口腔粘膜白斑组织，宫颈癌组织及正常组织中进行原位杂交，以检测各组织中HPV16型的DNA表达和分布情况，结果：口腔鳞状细胞癌组织HPV16阳性率46．67％；口腔粘膜白斑组织阳性率60％。HPV16E6基因阳性信号集中分布于癌细胞胞核中。结论：原位杂交方法可用来检测OSCC组织中HPV16型DNA的存在并能准确组织定位；较高的阳性率进一步支持高危型HPV16型的感染与口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生有关；在癌前病损组织中的高危型HPV16的检m率高于口腔鳞癌组织，说明HPV在口腔鳞癌发生的早期阶段可能具有致癌作用。     

E-钙黏蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的　通过观察E -钙黏蛋白 (E -cad)在正常口腔黏膜、口腔黏膜不典型增生和口腔黏膜鳞癌的不同表达 ,分析它们在口腔黏膜鳞癌及其癌变过程中的表达规律 ,探讨它们的异常表达与口腔黏膜癌变、转移的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP法分别检测E -cad在 17例正常口腔黏膜、6例口腔黏膜不典型增生和 5 2例口腔黏膜鳞癌的不同表达。结果　E -cad在正常口腔黏膜、口腔黏膜不典型增生的阳性表达率明显高于在口腔黏膜鳞癌中的阳性表达率 ,E -cad的阳性表达率随肿瘤的分化程度降低而降低。结论　E -cad在口腔黏膜鳞癌的分化和转移过程中起重要作用。     

膜联蛋白A1表达下降在口腔鳞癌中的意义

目的：研究膜联蛋白A1（ANXA1）在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其与临床病理的关系。方法：应用实时定量PCR、Western印迹方法和免疫组化方法检测ANXA1在口腔鳞癌细胞株和30例原发口腔鳞癌中的表达，采用SPSS10．0软件包对数据进行非参数检验。结果：与人永生化口腔黏膜上皮细胞（HIOEC）相比，Tca8113、TSCC、OSC和NT细胞中ANXA1的mRNA表达降低；Tca8113、TSCC、CAL-27、OSC和NT细胞中ANXA1的蛋白表达降低。30例口腔鳞癌组织标本中，ANXA1的mRNA和蛋白表达均较癌旁组织降低（p〈0．001）。ANXA1的表达水平与肿瘤的病理分化程度有关（mRNA：P=0．007；蛋白：P=0．006），与肿瘤大小、临床分期、淋巴结转移无关。结论：ANXA1在口腔鳞癌中表达降低，可能与肿瘤的发生、发展和组织分化有关。     

比较蛋白质组学在口腔鳞癌中的研究进展

比较蛋白质组学是针对不同空间、不同时间上动态变化着的蛋白质组的整体比较,分析不同蛋白质组之间蛋白质在表达数量、表达水平和修饰状态上的差异,研究差异蛋白质及其功能.该文旨在从细胞、组织和体液方面,介绍比较蛋白质组学在口腔鳞癌中的研究进展.     

PET和PET/CT在头颈癌中的应用

正电子发射断层扫描（PET）是一种功能性显像设备，是目前唯一可以了解组织分子生物学代谢改变的影像技术，临床研究已经证实其在恶性肿瘤的诊治中显示出了独特价值；但是由于PET缺乏解剖定位，临床应用仍受到一定限制；而PET／CT具有PET和CT的2种功能，实现了分子影像与解剖影像的同机融合，双方信息互补，彼此印证，进一步提高了诊断的特异性和准确性，自应用以来，受到学者们的普遍关注。本文就PET和PET／CT特别是PET／CT在头颈癌中的应用作一综述。     

Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa

The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of HPV 16/18 DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) vs. normal oral mucosa, and to correlate the virologic data with other factors obtained from the patients' records. One hundred and thirteen paraffin embedded tissue samples (73 OSCC and 40 normal oral mucosa) were studied using HPV type specific primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seventy-four per cent (54/73) of OSCC and 55% (22/44) of normal oral mucosa were positive for HPV 16/18 DNA. Statistical analysis indicated there was a significant difference between HPV16/18 positive OSCC vs. normal oral mucosa (P=0.040), and that age (<60 years) and gender (male) were correlated with the presence of HPV16/18 in the tumour. No significant association was found between the presence of HPV and other risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol use, tumour location, histologic grade or TNM staging. We found a significant association of HPV16/18 with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Also, HPV16/18 is a co-factor in oral carcinogenesis, particularly in male patients and patients under the sixth decade. In addition, we found that HPV infection is a common event in the normal oral mucosa.     

HPV detection in primary intra‐oral squamous cell carcinomas – commensal,aetiological agent or contamination?

BACKGROUND: High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV) are reported to be significant independent risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The prevalence of HPV in OSCC in a South African population sample was evaluated comparing three different HPV detection methods. METHODS: Tumour and adjacent morphologically normal oral mucosa of 59 resections of primary OSCC were evaluated for the presence of HPV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), conventional in situ hybridization (ISH), and a signal amplification ISH technique (Dako GenPoint). RESULTS: HPV18 DNA was detected in seven cases using real-time PCR. No positivity was found with the other two ISH techniques. CONCLUSIONS: We support the view that HPV is probably unimportant in the pathogenesis of OSCC and hypothesize HPV detection techniques as the main reason for the positive results in many studies. Real-time PCR was confirmed as the most sensitive technique, but researchers are urged to incorporate strict internal controls when using this detection method.     

上海市不同职业成人牙周健康状况抽样调查

目的抽样调查和分析400例上海市常住在职成年人牙周健康情况及相关因素。方法采用分层、整群、随机抽样方法,在郊区抽取农民200例,市区抽取职员和工人各100例,年龄25～59岁,男249例,女151例,进行问卷调查,并检查全口余留牙的牙龈指数(GI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)、牙龈探诊出血(BOP)和松动度(mobility)情况。指数牙16、11、26、31、36和46,每个指数牙检查6个位点。采用SAS6.12软件包进行统计学分析。结果上海市成年人人群简化口腔卫生指数OHI-S=2.16±0.99,口腔卫生状况中等;人群牙龈指数GI=1.2227,牙龈炎为中度流行。上海市不同职业成年人牙周破坏程度有显著差异,其中职员的牙周破坏程度最轻;不同年龄组间也有极显著差异,高年龄组的牙周破坏重于低年龄组。轻、中度牙周炎146例,占36.5%,重度牙周炎140例,占35%。受检者中,接受过高中教育者317例,占79.25%;受过大学教育者79例,占19.75%;研究生文化程度者4例,占1%。患者受教育程度与牙周破坏的严重程度无显著相关性。400例被调查者中,330例从未接受过治疗,占82.5%;曾洁牙者70例,占12.5%;接受过正规的牙周治疗者仅13例,占3.25%。结论上海地区人群口腔卫生教育及牙周防病、治病意识还须加强。     

The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in oral squamous cell carcinomas: A retrospective analysis of 88 patients and literature overview

In addition to tobacco and alcohol consumption, the two main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), recent studies have revealed infections with human papilloma virus (HPV) as an additional risk factor for OSCC development. In the field of head and neck malignancies, the prevalence of HPV infections in oropharyngeal cancer (OC) ranges in different studies up to 84%. While HPV infection is discussed as an independent risk factor in this region, its distinguished role in carcinogenesis of tumours localized to the oral cavity remains still uncertain.In this study, we analysed the HPV status in 88 consecutive patients with OSCCs localized anterior of the palatoglossal arch who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University Medical Center Mainz. The HPV status analysis was performed using DNA-PCR and immunostaining of p16 protein.The prevalence of HPV-positive OSCCs was about 6% (5 patients). In 3 patients the HPV subtypes 16/18 were found. No significant differences between the HPV positive and negative patients regarding age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption, localization and TNM level could be detected. Contrary to other studies focussing on cancers of the lingual and palatine tonsil, the prevalence of HPV infections was much lower in the oral cavity. Therefore HPV infection might play a less important role in oral carcinogenesis.     

Age-dependence of human papillomavirus DNA presence in oral squamous cell carcinomas

The aetiology of oral cancer is thought to be multifactorial. Apart from the two known major risk factors (tobacco and alcohol), a viral aetiology has been proposed, with special reference to human papillomavirus (HPV).35 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), seen at the Departments of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology and Otolaryngology of the Free University of Amsterdam, were analysed as well as 12 biopsies of clinically and histologically normal gingival mucosa collected from healthy individuals after tooth extractions, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and two different sets of primers that are able to detect a broad spectrum of HPV types.An overall HPV positivity of 54.3% in OSCC was found, the majority of positive cases (78.9%) harbouring HPV type 16. In contrast, no positivity for HPV was detected in the clinically normal oral mucosal samples analysed. Furthermore, a significant association between HPV presence and age was found: patients older than 60 years showed a lower prevalence of the virus (29.4%) compared with patients below this age (77.8%) (P < 0.05). The results from the present study suggest an association between HPV and OSCC, particularly in patients under the seventh decade.     

High risk human papillomavirus in oral squamous carcinoma: evidence of risk factors in a Venezuelan rural population. Preliminary report

In a search for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and some etiologic cofactors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 50 women diagnosed as OSCC were analyzed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. This study revealed that 60% (30/50) of the OSCC patients were positive for HPV-DNA sequences. This group was analyzed according to smoking, alcohol consumption, number of pregnancies, poor oral health and low social economic status. The current results indicate an increased incidence of HPV malignant types in the oral cavity in women with OSCC. Also, they support a multifactorial model of oral cancer causation.     

口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌的分子生物学研究

口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌是发病率和死亡率较高的全球性疾病。临床常用的TNM分期不能对其遗传学特征和生物学特性作出正确的判断：肿瘤的分子特点对治疗方案选择、降低死亡率和提高生存率有一定帮助。特异基因表达谱的应用．能改善诊断方法．为个体化治疗提供基础；头颈鳞癌分子谱型的应用，可以对淋巴结转移和手术切缘作出正确的诊断．以便正确指导手术范围的确定。2000～2005年，约有40多篇有关头颈鳞癌基因表达谱的研究报道，本文就研究中发现有变化的基因进行综述和分析。结果表明，在肿瘤和非肿瘤之间，存在多个基因的变化。GO分类分析结果表明．这些基因涉及22种生理功能；进一步对这些变化基因进行基因组、蛋白组和功能的研究，将对揭示头颈鳞癌的分子病理学发生机制产生积极作用。