Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations during and after cardiac surgery

Purpose. Sevoflurane metabolism results in the production of inorganic fluoride, which is known to be nephrotoxic. Since marked changes in body temperature and hemodynamics in cardiac surgery affect sevoflurane metabolism, plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations may differ in this situation compared with other types of surgery. We therefore measured plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations during and after sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods. Sixteen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement were premedicated with 5–10 mg midazolam and 0.5 mg scopolamine injected intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with 5–10 mg midazolam, 0.5–1 mg fentanyl, and 0.12–0.15 mg·kg⁻¹ vecuronium. Following tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with oxygen, sevoflurane, and fentanyl. At the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), sevoflurane was discontinued, and additional fentanyl, midazolam, and pancuronium were administered. Plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations were measured before anesthesia, immediately before and after CPB, and at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after anesthesia. Results. The individual maximum plasma inorganic fluoride concentration was 19.2 ± 7.2 μmol·l⁻¹ (mean ± SD; range, 9.2–36.7). The mean plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations increased during anesthesia, but the rate of increase decreased after the initiation of CPB. Concentrations peaked at 2 h after anesthesia and decreased thereafter. The concentrations in three cases continued to increase 2 h after anesthesia. Conclusion. The plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery were below nephrotoxic levels. However, the decrease in mean fluoride concentration after anesthesia was slower than that in the previous study in general surgical patients. Received for publication on December 4, 1998; accepted on April 25, 1999     

Serum fluoride concentration after sevoflurane anesthesia in ethanol treated rats: Special reference to cytochrome P-450 in the liver

The relationship between serum concentration of inorganic fluoride (F^–) and cytochrome P-450 content after sevoflurane anesthesia was investigated in ethanol treated rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 isocaloric diet groups of 10 rats each: one group receiving a standard diet and the other an ethanol diet. After 28 days on the diets the animals were administered 2.5% sevoflurane for 2hr with 30% oxygen and 70% nitrous oxide. Cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b₅ were induced by the ethanol diet. In the ethanol diet group serum concentration of F^– was significantly higher than that of the standard diet group after sevoflurane anesthesia. These results suggest that cytochrome P-450 and b₅, which were induced by ethanol, enhanced sevoflurane defluorination.(Masaki E, Kondou T, Hirakawa J, et al.: Serum fluoride concentration after sevoflurane anesthesia in ethanol treated rats: special reference to cytochrome P-450 in the liver. J Anesth 6: 426–432, 1992)     

七氟醚吸入麻醉对低出生体重儿术后肾功能的影响

目的观察七氟醚吸入麻醉对低出生体重儿术后肾功能的影响。方法择期手术低出生体重儿60例,男32例,女28例,按照随机数字表法分为七氟醚组(S组)和静脉麻醉组(T组)。S组术中采用七氟醚(氧流量2L/min)半紧闭吸入维持麻醉,根据生命体征调整七氟醚呼气末浓度(CETSev)2.5%~4.0%;T组术中采用静脉泵注丙泊酚6~8mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼0.20~0.25μg·kg-1·min-1维持麻醉。记录七氟醚挥发罐开启即刻、开启后15、30、45、60min、关闭即刻的钠石灰中心温度。于术前24h(T0)、术毕(T1)、术后24h(T2)、48h(T3)、72h(T4)抽取外周静脉血,测定血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN);同时采集尿液,定性分析尿糖和尿蛋白阳性率,并测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)浓度。结果两组不同时点钠石灰中心温度差异无统计学意义。与T0时比较,T1~T4时两组血清Cr和BUN浓度有升高趋势,但差异无统计意义;T1时两组尿中NAG浓度和T2时两组RBP浓度明显升高(P0.05)。T0~T4时两组患儿Cr、BUN、RBP、NAG浓度差异均无统计学意义。不同时点两组患者尿糖阳性率和尿蛋白阳性率组内组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论中流量(氧流量2L/min)七氟醚吸入麻醉对低出生体重儿术后肾功能无明显影响。     

七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对肾移植患者术后早期肾功能的影响比较

目的 比较七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对肾移植患者术后早期肾功能影响的差异,为吸入麻醉药的选择提供借鉴.方法 对106例全身麻醉下行同种异体肾移植的终末期肾病患者的临床资料进行分析,按照吸入麻醉药物的不同,将患者分成七氟醚组(74例)和异氟醚组(32例),比较分析术后早期肾功能变化特点.结果 与术前相比,两组患者术后第1日、...     

Serial renal biopsies in three girls with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is considered to have a good prognosis even without any immunosuppressive therapy, although there is no histological evidence to support this. The objective of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, serial renal biopsy findings in three girls with TINU syndrome who were treated with prednisolone. At presentation, all patients had significantly elevated urinary β₂-microglobulin levels (7583–19,313 μg/l) and high serum creatinine levels (0.93–1.3 mg/dl). The elevated β₂-MG and creatinine levels persisted for 1 month, and renal biopsies were performed to establish a definitive diagnosis. The initial biopsy specimens of all patients revealed marked interstitial enlargement consisting of infiltration of lymphocytes; there was also notable tubulitis and infiltration of eosinophils. All patients received prednisolone therapy following the diagnosis. A second renal biopsy was performed 9 months after the first biopsy for two of three patients, and 2 years later for the third patient. The biopsy specimens taken at 9 months still showed histological changes of acute inflammation; in contrast, that taken at 2 years showed a lower degree of acute inflammation, but scar formation was observed in some regions. Based on these results, we conclude that selected TINU syndrome patients require some immunosuppressive therapy.     

七氟醚和异氟醚对肝硬化患者肝切除术后肝功能的影响

目的 比较七氟醚和异氟醚对肝硬化患者行肝切除术后肝功能变化的影响.方法 将40名年龄为40～70岁的肝硬化(Child-Pugh A级),择期行肝癌肝叶切除术的患者随机分为七氟醚组和异氟醚组.两组患者均以咪唑安定0.1mg/kg体重、舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg体重、哌库溴铵1mg/kg体重诱导,分别予七氟醚或异氟醚辅以舒芬太尼维持麻醉.分别于术前、术后1、3、7d抽取非输液侧上肢静脉血测谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、胆碱酯酶、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间和血小板计数.结果 两组患者血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶较术前明显升高,术后3d达峰,且其增高值在异氟醚组明显高于七氟醚组;术后无患者出现肝衰竭或肝损伤的临床表现.结论 在肝硬化患者的麻醉中,异氟醚对肝功能的影响可能强于七氟醚.     

Comparison between sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in pig hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Purpose. Sevoflurane and isoflurane have been reported to exert protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in various organs. To compare the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on liver IRI with that of isoflurane anesthesia, we performed the present study in pigs. Methods. Nineteen pigs were assigned to either the sevoflurane (n = 9) or the isoflurane group (n = 10). Hepatic warm ischemia was produced by 30-min hepatic artery and portal vein clamping beginning 90 min after the start of the inhalation anesthesia; this was followed by a 240-min reperfusion. To extend our evaluation, we evaluated the degree of IRI using various parameters (plasma α-glutathione-S-transferase [α-GST], lipid peroxide, and lactate concentrations), in addition to the conventionally used liver damage markers. Results. The lactate level was significantly higher under isoflurane than under sevoflurane at 120 min after reperfusion (4.0 ± 0.4 mmol·l⁻¹ vs 2.5 ± 0.3 mmol·l⁻¹; P < 0.05). How-ever, this difference had disappeared after 240 min of reperfusion. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in values for α-GST, lipid peroxides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or lactic dehydrogenase. Conclusion. The extent of the hepatic IRI seen under sevoflurane anesthesia in pigs did not differ significantly from that seen under isoflurane, as judged from measurements of a number of parameters over a 240-min reperfusion period. Received: February 14, 2001 / Accepted: August 28, 2001     

Plasma inorganic fluoride with sevoflurane anesthesia: correlation with indices of hepatic and renal function.

The biotransformation and plasma inorganic fluoride ion production of sevoflurane (the new volatile anesthetic) during and after surgical anesthesia was studied in 50 ASA I or II surgical patients. Twenty-five additional patients served as controls by receiving isoflurane. Sevoflurane or isoflurane was administered with a semiclosed (total gas flow, 2 L/min O2) circle absorption system for durations of 1.0 to greater than 7.0 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) hours for surgical anesthesia (sevoflurane MAC, 2.05%; isoflurane MAC, 1.15%). Preoperative and postoperative blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were determined. Blood samples were obtained during and after anesthesia in both groups for determining anesthetic blood concentration analysis and plasma fluoride level. Plasma fluoride concentrations did not significantly increase during isoflurane anesthesia. Sevoflurane biotransformation produced a mean peak plasma inorganic fluoride concentration of 29.3 +/- 1.8 mumol/L, 2 h after anesthesia, which decreased to 18 mumol/L concentration by 8 h after anesthesia. The peak plasma inorganic fluoride ion concentration correlated with duration of sevoflurane anesthetic exposure. Five patients given sevoflurane had peak levels transiently exceeding 50 mumol/L, and one of these had a history of ingesting drugs potentially producing hepatic enzyme induction. No increases in postoperative levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, or hepatic transaminase and no changes in serum electrolyte level occurred in either anesthetic group. Indirect bilirubin concentration increased significantly after sevoflurane anesthesia, but the increase was not of clinical significance (from 0.30 +/- 0.03 to 0.38 +/- 0.06 mg/dL). Indirect bilirubin concentrations did not increase after isoflurane anesthesia; the concentrations reached 0.31 +/- 0.04 mg/dL and did not differ significantly from those found with sevoflurane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Oxalate nephropathy with a granulomatous lesion due to excessive intake of peanuts

A 65-year-old Japanese male developed renal dysfunction, showing proteinuria and marked urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin. He had consumed approximately 100-200 g peanuts and 750-1,000 ml beer every day for two or three months. He had previously been treated for hypertension with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril. He then visited his primary-care doctor with mild fever, and renal dysfunction with mild diabetes mellitus were diagnosed. He was referred to our hospital, and because no diabetic retinopathy was observed by ophthalmological tests, renal biopsy examination was performed to clarify renal dysfunction. Renal biopsy specimens showed intimal thickening in the small arteries and interstitial nephritis with a granulomatous lesion, accompanied by oxalate crystals under polarized light. Glomeruli were unremarkable without any immunoglobulin deposition, and nodular lesions. Because he daily consumed a large amount of peanuts, oxalate nephropathy due to excessive intake of peanuts was strongly suspected. This case revealed that unusual food habits, including nuts, can cause oxalate nephropathy, and that close examination by renal biopsy was useful for clarifying the etiology of the unknown renal damage.     

Effects of magnesium sulfate on neuromuscular function and spontaneous breathing during sevoflurane and spinal anesthesia

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO⁴) on the neuromuscular function and spontaneous breathing of patients under sevoflurane and spinal anesthesia. Twenty-two patients with a history of arrhythmia undergoing elective knee surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: group M (n = 11), administered with MgSO⁴ 40 mg·kg⁻¹, and group S (n = 11), administered with saline. A combination of spinal anesthesia with 2% sevoflurane inhalation was applied to all patients under spontaneous breathing. Tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET^{CO 2}) were measured before the MgSO⁴ or saline injection and measurements were repeated at 5, 15, 30, and 45 min after the injection. Neuromuscular function was continuously monitored with an acceleromyograph to record the acceleration of the adductor pollicis by stimulating the ulnar nerve at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The Vt, RR, and ET^{CO 2} showed little change in either group, and there was no significant difference between, the groups. The single-twitch response showed significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.0006). The present study indicated that the MgSO⁴ had a minimal effect on spontaneous breathing in patients undergoing sevoflurane and spinal anaesthesia, but that it attenuated the safety margin of neuromuscular function.     

地氟醚对全麻病人血氟、尿氟及肾功能的影响

目的观察全麻病人吸入地氟醚后血氟、尿氟、血肌酐(Cr)及尿素氮(BUN)的变化.方法选择择期手术ASAI级病人20例,术前肝肾功能检查均正常.用芬太尼、异丙酚、维库溴铵静注诱导,插管后吸入地氟醚.于吸入地氟醚前、术毕、术后4h、24h、72h、144h采动脉血和静脉血,同时留置尿液,用氟离子选择电极法测定血氟、尿氟的含量.结果地氟醚的麻醉时间为(4.36±0.39)h,吸入浓度为(1.65±0.16)MAC,吸入总量为(7.19±0.82)MAC-h,病人术毕、术后4h、24h、72h、144h的血氟离子浓度及尿氟离子排泄率与吸入前相比均无显著差异,血Cr及BUN含量在各个时间点亦无明显变化.结论地氟醚麻醉后对血氟、尿氟均无明显影响,对肾功能无损害.     

Renal tubular dysfunction in epileptic children on valproic acid therapy

To investigate the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on renal tubular function, we examined 15 ambulatory children with epilepsy who received VPA for at least 6 months. None of the patients had mental retardation. Fourteen age- and sex-matched children were used as a control group. No statistically significant differences were found between patients and control subjects with respect to blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid, creatinine clearance (C_cr), tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (TRP), urinary Ca:creatinine ratio, urinary pH and mean urinary β₂-microglobulin concentrations (P>0.05). Protein and glucose in patient urine samples were negative. Urine microscopic examinations and amino acid chromatographies of patients were also normal. However, significant differences were found between patient and control groups with respect to mean urinary N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine:creatinine ratio (NAG:Cr) and mean urinary malondialdehyde:creatinine (MDA:Cr) ratio (P<0.05). In conclusion, ambulatory children with epilepsy taking VPA therapy may develop proximal renal tubular dysfunction. Although this finding is clini-cally insignificant, it should be kept in mind during VPA therapy. Received: 11 November 1999 / Revised: 21 September 2000 / Accepted: 26 October 2000     

Effects of cigarette smoking on serum fluoride concentrations and renal function integrity after 1 MAC-h sevoflurane anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke contains various chemicals which may affect drug metabolism. Sevoflurane is metabolized to inorganic fluoride, and elevated serum fluoride concentrations (S-F(-)) may cause deterioration of renal function. Whether smokers develop high S-F(-) and associated disturbances in renal function is not known. METHODS: We investigated sevoflurane metabolism in 25 non-smoking and 25 smoking (> 10 cigarettes/day) generally healthy women, aged 19-68 years, undergoing gynaecological elective surgery under one minimum alveolar concentration-hour (1 MAC-h) standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia. S-F(-) was measured for 24 h. Glomerular and tubular function was assessed by measuring serum and urine tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI), beta(2)-microglobulin and serum creatinine for 48 h after sevoflurane inhalation. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two study groups with regard to S-F(-). It increased significantly in both groups: in non-smokers, from a baseline between 1.0 and 11 micromol/l (median, 1.6 micromol/l) to a maximum between 8.2 and 40 micromol/l (26 micromol/l) (P < 0.001) and, in smokers, from a baseline between 0.5 and 5.2 micromol/l (1.7 micromol/l) to a maximum between 19 and 71 micromol/l (25 micromol/l) (P < 0.001). In both groups, S-F(-) remained elevated for the entire sampling period (P < 0.001). In all five women (one non-smoker and four smokers) with a maximum S-F(-) of 40 micromol/l or higher and an area under the serum fluoride concentration-time curve (AUC(F0-24)) of 500 micromol/h/l or higher, serum TATI increased above the pathological concentration of 3.0 nmol/l, whereas only six of the 45 patients with S-F(-) below 40 micromol/l had serum TATI above 3.0 nmol/l (P < 0.001). Beta(2)-Microglobulin increased significantly (> 1 mg/l) in two patients with high S-F(-) relative to two of the 45 patients with S-F(-) below 40 micromol/l (P= 0.005). None of the patients developed clinically detectable renal dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Smoking did not affect S-F(-) after sevoflurane anaesthesia. Glomerular dysfunction, seen as increased serum TATI, was noted in five women with S-F(-) above 40 micromol/l. Our results suggest that the renal toxic threshold of S-F(-) seems to be lower than the earlier reported value of 50 micromol/l.     

Comparison of postoperative liver dysfunction following halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia in women undergoing mastectomy for cancer

The incidence of an abnormal increase in the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) following anesthesia with halothane and 65% nitrous oxide in oxygen (halothane group) or with sevoflurane and 65% nitrous oxide in oxygen (sevoflurane group) was compared in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer. An abnormal increase in GOT and GPT, both defined as higher than 50 IU, occurred postoperatively in 2 of the 150 patients (1.7%) in the sevoflurane group, and in 37 of the 200 (18.5%) in the halothane group (P<0.001). The elevated levels of serum transaminases after sevoflurane ranged from 50 to 65 IU whereas those after halothane ranged from 50 to 1000 IU, except for a value greater than 5000 IU in 1 patient. In the halothane group, there was a significant association between postoperative increases in serum transaminases and previous exposure to inhalation anesthetics, postoperative mitomycin therapy, and radiation therapy (all P<0.001). The results of multivariate analysis, when data from all patients were taken together, showed that the type of anesthetic (halothane) was the highest factor related to postoperative increases in GOT and GPT (odds ratio 35.85; 95% confidence interval 5.92–217.37), followed next by prior exposure to inhalation anesthetics (8.65; 2.96–25.27), postoperative radiation therapy (4.37; 1.70–11.19), and postoperative mitomycin therapy (3.56; 1.23–10.35). These data suggest that sevoflurane is less likely to cause anesthesia-related liver dysfunction than halothane.     

Effect of declining renal function on bone density in aging women

Summary The factors that are responsible for trabecular bone loss in aging women are not completely understood. To evaluate declining renal function as a possible factor, we studied 19 Caucasian women (average age 67) who were from 6 to 41 years postmenopausal. Trabecular bone density was quantitated by computerized tomography of the spine. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine were normal in all subjects. Creatinine clearance averaged 74 ml/min (range 38–122), decreased with age (r=−0.60,P=0.003), and was inversely related to serum creatinine (r=−0.51,P=0.01). Bivariate regression demonstrated that bone density decreased with age (r=−0.59,P=0.004); controlling for the effect of creatinine clearance weakened this correlation to r=−0.45 (P=0.03); controlling additionally for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduced the correlation coefficient to r=−0.34 (P=0.11). Bone density also decreased in direct proportion to the decrement in creatinine clearance (r=0.44,P=0.03); controlling for the effects of 1,25(OH)₂D and PTH reduced this correlation coefficient to r=0.34 (P=0.11). These results suggest that occult renal insufficiency may contribute to bone loss in aging women, and that this effect may be mediated in part by 1,25(OH)₂D and PTH. In this age group renal function should be assessed by measuring creatinine clearance rather than the serum creatinine concentration since renal insufficiency can be masked by apparently normal circulating creatinine levels.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and time-course changes in renal function

Background: Recently, the retraction method has been used to reduce intraabdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopic surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the serial changes in renal function during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using the retraction method. Methods: Urine output, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured serially in seven patients who underwent LC with 12 mmHg pneumoperitoneum (High-IAP group) and five who underwent LC using the retraction method with 4 mmHg pneumoperitoneum (Low-IAP group). Results: Urine output, ERPF, and GFR were decreased during pneumoperitoneum in the High-IAP group, whereas no significant changes in any of these parameters were observed in the Low-IAP group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that reduction of IAP to 4 mmHg using the retraction method prevents the transient renal dysfunction caused by prolonged 12 mmHg pneumoperitoneum during LC, suggesting that the retraction method reduces the risk of perioperative renal dysfunction during laparoscopic surgery. Received: 26 March 1996/Accepted: 27 July 1996     

β2-Microglobulinuria as an early sign of cytomegalovirus infection following renal transplantation

The frequency of cytomegalovirus infection was studied in a prospective study of 106 kidney recipients. The detection of cytomegalovirus-immediate-early-antigen and cytomegalovirus-immunoglobulin (IgM) antibodies in serum was used as the reference method and showed that 23.6% (25/106) of all patients were infected. In addition, four urinary proteins (IgG and transferrin as glomerular markers and α₁,-microglobulin and β₂-microglobulin as tubular markers) were quantitatively measured in 24-h urine samples from all of the patients using an immunoluminometric assay (ILMA). In all cytomegalovirus infection cases a pronounced but isolated increase of urinary β₂-microglobulin excretion was observed. In 20 of 25 infected patients, the β₂-microglobulinuria occurred 1–21 days (median 5.0) earlier than the appearance of the cytomegalovirus-immediate-early-antigen in blood. Thus, it can be seen that the quantitative measurement of β₂-microglobulin in urine is useful for the early detection of cytomegalovirus infection following renal transplantation.     

Adaptation of renal function after unilateral nephrectomy in children with renal tumors

Following treatment, survivors of unilateral Wilms tumor (WT) develop structural and functional changes in the remnant kidney. A disproportional increase in functional over structural changes results in hyperfiltration, a condition that may lead to renal damage. We studied adaptation of renal function after uninephrectomy in ten WT patients and a child with renal cell carcinoma. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (measured by inulin and creatinine clearances), renal plasma flow (RPF) by para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearances and segmental tubular Na⁺ transport were studied before and following a protein load (renal functional reserve). Nine patients showed a well-adapted kidney function with a GFR of 82.27 (±5.6), an RPF of 429.71 (±65.6) ml/min/1.73 m² and a filtration fracton (FF) of 20%. Absolute proximal Na⁺ reabsorption was 65.2 (±9.6) ml/min/1.73 m², distal tubular delivery was 18.2 (±3.9) ml/min/1.73 m² and absolute distal Na⁺ reabsorption was 2146 (±435) μM/min. A peculiar finding was the high baseline creatinine clearances (176.17 ml/min/1.73 m²) related to increased baseline tubular creatinine secretion. Over 120 min following the protein load, GFR increased by 20%, RPF by 6% and FF remained unchanged. Absolute proximal reabsorption increased by 20% and distal reabsorption by 22%. While most changes in renal function induced by a protein load are similar in healthy individuals and uninephrectomized patients, a more predominant contribution to Na⁺ reabsorption by the proximal tubule was noted. Postload fractional proximal reabsorption remained at 77% while in healthy persons a decrease from 77% to 62% was reported. Two patients showed dysfunctional changes following nephrectomy characterized by an increased GFR (130 ml/min/1.73 m²), increased filtration fraction (29%) and inability to increase glomerular and tubular functions following a protein load (loss of functional reserve). The significance of these abnormalities is not known and requires long-term follow-up to evaluate whether hyperfiltration will lead to renal damage. Received: 28 August 2000 / Revised: 21 February 2001 / Accepted: 22 February 2001     

七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞对肝脏切除术后肝肾功能的影响

目的探讨低流量七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在相同脑电双频指数下三种麻醉方法对术后肝肾功能的影响。方法选择45例ASAI或II级,肝脏右叶部分切除病人,随机均分为七氟醚组(S组)、异氟醚组(I组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组病人均复合硬膜外阻滞。三组病人分别吸入七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)维持麻醉,维持BIS50±5。记录术前、术后第1、3、5天肝脏功能、肾脏功能指标。结果三组病人术后第1、3、5天肝脏酶显著增高,在术后第1天达到高峰,总胆红素术后第3天达高峰,白蛋白术后第1天显著降低,术后第3天和第5天与术前比较差异无统计学意义。三组病人均无肝功能衰竭。术后肾脏功能指标肌酐、尿素氮组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论应用全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞进行肝脏部分切除手术,七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚对肝脏术后肝功能改变无明显区别,术后肾脏功能无明显变化。