Comparison of lovastatin and gemfibrozil in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia

This study compared lovastatin and gemfibrozil therapy for effects on lipid and lipoprotein levels in 22 normolipidemic patients with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Most patients had coronary heart disease. A randomized, crossover design consisted of two drug phases (lovastatin and gemfibrozil) alternating with placebo. Lovastatin reduced total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels by 28%, 34%, and 24%, respectively. These were unaffected by gemfibrozil. Both drugs reduced very low-density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 30% to 40%. Both caused small but significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not in apolipoproteins A-I or A-II. Both significantly lowered ratios of total (and low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lovastatin more than gemfibrozil. Thus, for normolipidemic patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, neither drug markedly raised high-density lipoprotein levels, but lovastatin produced the better overall change in lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels.     

Comparison of three subtypes of depression

The objective of the study is to identify socio-demographic variables and clinical characteristics which distinguish between three subtypes of depression. In a prospective manner, 227 patients meeting ICD-10 criteria for depression were grouped into 3 subtypes--unipolar depression without psychosis, unipolar depression with psychosis and bipolar disorder depression. Using a structured questionnaire, socio-demographic and clinical variables obtained from the patients were compared in the 3 subtypes. Bipolar disorder patients were more likely to have first episode of illness before age 30 years. Psychotic depression patients were most likely to have positive family history of mental disorder and to have attempted suicide previously. Depressed females were less educated and more likely to be married. Early age at onset of depression requires more public awareness on recognition of depression particularly in the economically productive group. Further studies are required especially in community samples to further confirm these findings.     

三种子宫全切术式的临床疗效比较

目的比较开腹全子宫切除术（TAH）、腹腔镜辅助下阴式全子宫切除术（LAVH）和经阴道全子宫切除术（TVH）的优缺点和疗效,指导子宫全切术式选择。方法对117例全子宫切除术患者按术式分为TAH（48例）、LAVH（31例）和TVH（38例）3组,比较手术时间、出血量、术后镇痛率、手术并发症和住院时间。结果组间的手术时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛率和住院时间两两比较差异有显著性（均P〈0.05）;术后并发症组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 3种子宫全切术式各有优劣,在选择时应趋于个体化,结合患者情况、医院条件等综合考虑,选择最佳的方式。     

三种不同方法检测HLA-B27的比较

目的:比较强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27常用的三种检测方法的特点,探讨不同检测方法之间差异及各自优缺点,为临床检验提供参考。方法:采用ELISA法、RT-PCR法和流式细胞法,对120例强直性脊柱炎患者和100例正常对照人群进行HLA-B27检测,并对结果进行分析。结果:ELISA法、RT-PCR法和流式细胞法三种检测方法的敏感性、特异性和阳性、阴性预测值分别为83.3%、94.0%、94.3%、82.5%;95.8%、93.0%、94.3%、94.8%;93.3%、95.0%、95.7%、92.2%。结论:三种血清HLA-B27检测方法诊断AS的特异度均较高;PCR法和流式细胞法的敏感度均显著高于ELISA法,其中PCR法略高于流式细胞术。     

网织红细胞的三种计数方法的比较

目的 对网织红细胞的三种计数方法进行比较.方法 采用玻片法、试管法和仪器法.结果 高值、中值和低值网织红细胞计数的仪器法、试管法比较统计学无差异,但玻片法与仪器法、试管法比较有统计学差异.3种不同方法对Sysmex原装中值质控重复性试验中仪器法与试管法比较无统计学差异,而玻片法的CV值明显高于仪器法、试管法.结论 玻片法容易使混合血液中的水份蒸发,染色时间偏短,因此结果偏低.试管法重复性好,必要时还可以从混合血液中再取标本重新涂片.仪器法可自动染色、自动分析,自动打印出各阶段网织红细胞的分布图,测量细胞多,避免主观因素,结果准确.     

Serum cholesterol-lowering activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells and enhances the functional activity of mature myeloid effector cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was administered to eight patients with severe aplastic anemia in an attempt to restore adequate hematopoiesis. Profound decreases in serum cholesterol concentrations were observed during GM-CSF therapy that were not dependent on changes in the patients' peripheral blood cell counts. Serum cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 37% during treatment, reaching levels of less than 4.40 mmol/L in all patients. Serum cholesterol concentrations returned to baseline in all patients after discontinuation of GM-CSF therapy. Treatment with GM-CSF prominently alters cholesterol homeostasis in vivo, although the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Our results suggest that GM-CSF may be potentially useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and, possibly, in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.     

腰麻、硬膜外麻醉及腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉在剖宫产术中的临床比较

目的比较腰麻（CS）、硬膜外麻醉（EA）、腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉（CSEA）3种给药方式的麻醉效果,指导临床合理制订麻醉方案。方法 150例产妇随机分为CS组、EA组和CSEA组各50例,并分别采用腰麻、硬膜外麻醉、腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉,观察麻醉过程、麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间,以及新生儿Apgar评分作为指标。结果 CS和CSEA组的麻醉效果好,具体表现为术中疼痛少,肌肉松弛情况好,CS组和CSEA组与EA组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与EA组相比,且CS组和CSEA组具有起效快的优点;三组给药方式新生儿Apgar评分结果比较差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）,且均值均〉8分。结论 CSEA具有镇痛完全、肌松满意、起效快、术后镇痛等优点,应作为首选麻醉方式。     

锁骨骨折三种治疗方式的对比研究

目的对比分析改良克氏针、普通克氏针及重建钢板三种内固定治疗锁骨骨折的临床疗效。方法将入选的173例锁骨骨折患者随机分为三组,A组50例,B组88例,C组35例。分别予改良克氏针、普通克氏针及重建钢板三种内固定治疗,观察三组手术时间、住院时间、术后并发症、临床疗效及医疗费用等。结果术后全部随访5~20个月,平均11.5个月。三组平均手术时间、住院时间以及平均医疗费用比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),其中B、A组少于C组,B组又少于A组(P<0.05或0.01);三组优良率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),并发症发生率的比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),A、C组低于B组(P<0.05或0.01),C组与A组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合判断,A组的总体疗效更好。结论采用改良克氏针外锁定髓内固定治疗锁骨骨折能以较小的医疗费用取得理想的临床效果,相比普通克氏针和重建钢板更加价廉高效,尤其适用于基层医院。     

不同市售甲硝唑片剂的溶出度比较

目的对不同市售甲硝唑片剂进行溶出度比较。方法按2000版中国药典溶出度方法(第一法)，用紫外分光光度法测定其含量，测定波长为277nm。结果不同厂家的片剂30min时的平均溶出度分别为96．59％，96．32％，95．38％。结论不同厂家甲硝唑片剂的溶出度均符合2000版中国药典的要求。     

3种血液透析通路临床应用的比较研究

目的评价股动脉-股深动脉人造血管动脉搭桥在血液透析中的有效性。方法选择18例行股动脉-股深动脉人造血管搭桥术（A组）、20例自体动静脉内瘘（B组）及25例半永久性血液透析通路（双腔带Cuff导管）（C组）患者,随访并分析比较3组患者术后3、6个月及1年感染率、术后通畅率、血白蛋白、血红蛋白、C反应蛋白、尿素清除指数（Kt/v）值。结果 A组与B、C组比较,3个时点感染率、通畅率、血白蛋白、血红蛋白、Kt/v值的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,但C反应蛋白的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论短期内通畅率、感染率与自体动静脉内瘘、半永久性血液透析通路无统计学差异;股动脉-股深动脉人造血管搭桥术后血白蛋白、血红蛋白、Kt/v值与自体动静脉内瘘、半永久性血液透析通路无统计学差异。     

三种腹腔镜全子宫切除术术式比较

目的 比较性研究3种腹腔镜全子宫切除术：完全腹腔镜全子宫切除术（TLH）和两种腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除术（LAVH）的特点。方法 回顾性分析了2002年9月-2005年9月间在我院行腹腔镜全子宫切除术393例患者的临床资料,其中TLH178例,LAVHa177例,LAVHb38例。结果 各组均以子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌症为最常见病因,在TLH组、LAVHa组和LAVHb组分别占66．9％、38．4％和52．6％。TLH组在平均手术时间和出血量上与LAVHa组相比差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,但较LAVHb组少（P〈0．05）;TLH组切除子宫的体积显著大于其他两组（P〈0．05）。手术并发症发生率在TLH组为9．0％,低于LAVHa组（14．1％）和LAVHb组（18．4％）,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论 TLH组切除的子宫体积较大,不影响出血量和手术时间,且并发症较少。     

Comparison of the productivity of women and men physicians

Data obtained from random samples of 87 women and 95 men physicians in the Detroit metropolitan area indicate that, at the time of surgery, 84% of the women and 96% of the men were engaged in medical work. Only 7% of the women were not working because of reasons related to the traditional female role. Fifty-nine percent of the women and 87% of the men had worked full-time since medical school graduation. Fifty-one percent of the women, compared to 39% of the men were in primary care specialties. Since medical graduation, women physicians spent 90% as much time in medical work as did the men, despite the fact that most of the women had full responsibility for homes and families.     

Comparison of three different hemostatic devices in laparoscopic myomectomy

Background

To compare conventional electrosurgery, LigaSure (Valleylab, Boulder, CO), and Harmonic scalpel (Ethicon Endosurgery, Cincinnati, OH) in terms of perioperative and postoperative outcomes during laparoscopic myomectomy (LM).

Gonorrhea screening. Comparison of three techniques

A total of 1,336 men were screened for gonococcal urethritis by one or more of three techniques: Gram-stain smears, urethral cultures, and cultures of first-voided urine (FVU). The sensitivity of these techniques in a group of 113 symptomatic patients was 99.1%, 98.2%, and 95.6%, respectively. In a group of 248 asymptomatic men, FVU cultures yielded a positivity rate of 2.4%, comparable to the 2.8% obtained with urethral cultures. In view of the reduction in time, cost, and patient discomfort associated with the use of FVU cultures, it appears to be a valuable diagnostic technique for asymptomatic gonococcal urethritis.     

Comparison among three types of cesarean sections

目的 比较三种剖宫产术式母体近期恢复情况,为剖宫产术式的选择提供依据.方法 回顾性研究240例足月妊娠孕妇,分为三组,分别采用下腹横切口顶入式腹膜外剖宫产,指分法腹膜外剖宫产及子宫下段剖宫产术.结果 三种术式的胎儿娩出时间、术后排气时间差异有统计学差异(P＜0.01),无明显临床意义.手术时间(33±10)min,(35±11)min、(32±9)min、术中出血量(230±70)ml,(245±50)ml,(225±55)ml、术后病率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),亦无临床意义.结论 三种剖宫产术式的近期恢复情况无明显差异.手术方式的选择视临床情况而决定.     

三种剖宫产术式比较研究

目的比较三种剖宫产术式母体近期恢复情况,为剖宫产术式的选择提供依据。方法回顾性研究240例足月妊娠孕妇,分为三组,分别采用下腹横切口顶入式腹膜外剖宫产,指分法腹膜外剖宫产及子宫下段剖宫产术。结果三种术式的胎儿娩出时间、术后排气时间差异有统计学差异(P<0.01),无明显临床意义。手术时间(33±10)min,(35±11)min、(32±9)min、术中出血量(230±70)ml,(245±50)ml,(225±55)ml、术后病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),亦无临床意义。结论三种剖宫产术式的近期恢复情况无明显差异。手术方式的选择视临床情况而决定。