创建健康促进学校是持续控制学生吸烟的有效策略

为了保证控烟工作能在学校持续开展，使之与学校日常工作有机结合，并成为学生素质教育的一个重要内容，本研究选择两个条件相近的城乡结合部的社区小学的全部学生作为研究对象，通过创建“健康促进学校的活动，使实验学校学生不仅提高对吸烟危害性的认识，纠正吸烟行为，而且德、智、体、美得到全面发展，学校的“两基”以指标高标准通过省政府评估验收。对照组学生吸烟行为却没有明显改变     

城市学校控烟活动效果评价

目的开展学校控烟教育活动并评价活动效果，探讨开展学校控烟干预活动的有效方法。方法于2003年在6城市15所中小学按照统一的设计方案开展为期一年的学校控烟干预活动，并设立对照组。通过基线和终末问卷调查了解干预学校和对照学校学生、教职工的控烟相关知识、态度和行为的变化，评价干预效果。结果干预学校小学生、中学生和教职工的控烟相关知识知晓率和正确态度持有率均有明显的提高。干预学校学生的尝试吸烟率均有降低，其中干预中学学生尝试吸烟率的下降幅度为10．91％，远远大于对照学校学生的2．28％。干预学校教职工尤其是男性教职工和35岁以下教职工的现在吸烟率明显降低。结论学校控烟新模式在学校实施后，在改变学生、教职工知识、态度和行为方面取得了明显的效果，证明开展学校控烟干预活动是成功的模式。     

青少年学生控烟的有效途径——健康促进学校

国内外专家公认，控烟工作的战略重点应放在青少年身上。因此，如何有效地在学校开展控烟活动是一个极为重要的课题。     

广东省城市学生吸烟与被动吸烟现状及吸烟危害认知调查

目的了解城市青少年吸烟与被动吸烟状况及吸烟相关认知状况，了解学校控烟措施开展情况，为进一步开展针对性的控烟工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法，在广州市、江门市抽取大学、中学、小学各1所，各调查100名学生，在增城市抽取中学、小学各1所，各调查100名学生，采用中国疾病预防控制中心控烟办公室统一设计的《学生被动吸烟调查问卷》对学生吸烟、被动吸烟情况、吸烟相关知识等进行调查。结果共调查学生800人，其中男生474人，女生326人。学生现在吸烟率为6．3％，男生为8．4％，女生为3．1％，大、中、小学生分别为8．0％、7．3％、4．0％。学生在家里和家外遭受被动吸烟的比例分别为32．4％和36．1％。学生中父母、朋友、老师吸烟，学生自身尝试吸烟率较高。学生对吸烟与被动吸烟损害健康的知晓率分别为95．9％和91．1％。小学生控烟相关教育开展较好，大学校园内控烟宣传栏和组织控烟为主题的活动较少。结论青少年吸烟和被动吸烟情况较为严重，要通过大力开展学校控烟健康教育工作，提供控烟与戒烟相关服务与资讯，来预防青少年吸烟和减少二手烟的危害。     

云南三个城市大中小学学生吸烟及二手烟暴露行为调查

目的 了解云南省大中小学学生吸烟和二手烟暴露及学校开展控烟健康教育的情况,为有针对性地开展青少年吸烟行为干预提供依据.方法 于2009年8-9月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在云南省昆明市、曲靖市和楚雄市抽取8所学校的800名大中小学生,对学生的吸烟情况、二手烟暴露情况、学校开展控烟教育情况以及影响学生吸烟行为的因素等进行了问卷调查.结果 本研究共回收有效问卷799份,云南省3个城市大中小学学生的现在吸烟率为8.89％,尝试吸烟率为30.66％,二手烟暴露为53.69％.小学、中学和大学学校健康教育活动中,学校设置控烟宣传栏、学校组织控烟主题活动以及在学校学过烟草危害健康知识方面,小学开展的宣教情况好于中学和大学.多因素非条件logistic 回归分析结果显示,朋友大部分吸烟(OR=10.169,P＜0.01)、老师经常吸烟(OR=2.089,P＜0.05)的大学生(OR=4.910,P＜0.01)的男生(OR =3.938,P＜0.01)更容易遭受吸烟的危害.结论 云南省大中小学学生吸烟和二手烟暴露率较高,应加强学校的控烟方面的干预能力建设.     

北京市学校控烟干预效果评价

目的在北京市开展学校控烟干预活动并评价活动效果,探讨开展学校控烟干预的有效方法。方法2012年1月—2013年2月在北京市15所大中小学校按照统一的设计方案开展为期一年的创建无烟示范学校活动,通过基线和终末问卷调查了解学校学生、教职工的控烟相关知识、态度和行为的变化,评估干预效果。结果干预后初中、高中、大学生尝试吸烟率下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);大学生、教职工吸烟率下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);除高中学生外,小学生、初中生、职高生、大学生、教职工的知信行得分比干预前均有所提高。结论创建无烟示范学校的干预模式,在学生、教职工控烟知识、态度和行为方面均取得了明显的效果,证明创建无烟示范学校是控烟干预行之有效的模式。     

部队控制吸烟策略及模式的回顾与探讨

目的：通过对北京军区近年来开展的控烟活动进行回顾与探讨，试图总结出一套适合部队应用的控烟策略与方法。方法：主要采取政策与环境、健康教育、倡导与动员等三种策略与方法，在部队深入开展控烟活动。结果：通过部队控烟相关项目与研究回顾，总结了北京军区“九五”期间开展“无吸烟单位”活动取得的成绩，共命名团以上“无吸烟单位”百余个；提出了“少吸一包烟，多买一本书”为口号的部队控烟教育模式；并结合部队实际，总结出部队控烟要与“爱国卫生月”活动相结合、与担负任务要求相一致等可借鉴的方法与策略。结论：通过实践、探讨，总结出的部队控烟策略与模式，对指导部队控烟工作有较强的 实用性和可操作性，建议在部队中推广应用。     

军队人员吸烟现象探析

目的：研究和分析军队人员吸烟现象及其特殊性，为在军队中开展积极的控烟活动提供依据，增强控烟活动的针对性和时效性。方法：采取多点、大样本问卷调查及跟踪调查综合方式，进行数据整理对比分析。结果：军队的特殊结构形成了相对稳定的军官吸烟群体和变量很大的士兵吸烟群体。中下级军官和士官中，占整个吸烟人群的45％－70％；是构成军队人员中吸烟群体的中坚；普通士兵占吸烟人群的25％－55％。群体比例结构随军队成份更新有明显变化。结论：军队人员吸烟现象既有同性、又有特殊性，在军队中开展积极的控烟活动必须充分考虑到不同层次人员的心理状况和对控烟的态度，力求达到最佳效果。     

学校控烟健康教育方法初探

[目的]探讨学校开展健康教育与促进工作的方式方法。[方法]介绍宁德市开展的以控烟为切入点做好学校健康教育与促进的经验与体会。[结果]宁德市在开展健康教育与促进工作中,结合学校特色和不同阶段学生的心理特点,以控烟为切入点,积极采取有效措施,把控烟活动融合到学习生活中,取得实效。[结论]以控烟这突破口在学校采取多途径、多形式、有特色的健康教育与促进工作是做好学校健康教育的重要组织部分,对提高学生自我保健意识,养成良好健康生活方式起到积极推动作用。     

运用计算机开展中学生控烟活动

海南省儋州市那大二中自 1 996年开始实施学校控烟项目。该校结合素质教育和思想品德教育 ,开展了形式多样的预防吸烟干预活动 ,如漫画创作、歌曲、作文、致家长的公开信、墙报、文艺晚会中的小品表演等 ,而运用计算机形式开展控烟活动是深受同学们喜爱的形式之一。为了解该形式的教育效果 ,海南省健康教育研究所于 2 0 0 0年 1月 2 1日在该校高一年级和初二年级组织了 4组专题小组讨论 ,和计算机教师、分管学校控烟工作的领导进行了访谈 ,对该活动效果进行定性评价。对象与方法1 对象　高一年级两组 2 3人 ,其中男生 8人 ,女生 1 5人 ;初…     

在儿科临床实习中加强七年制医学生临床综合能力的培养

提高学生临床综合素质培养是七年制临床医学教育的重点。在儿科学的临床实习教学过程中,加强学生医学人文学教育,提高医-患交流技巧与沟通能力;运用启发引导式教育,培养学生循证医学思维,激发学生的科研兴趣,早期实行临床科研训练。通过上述措施,切实的提高七年制医学生的临床综合能力和儿科临床教学质量,实现七年制高等医学教育培养目标。     

大学生控烟意识及其影响因素

目的了解大学生控烟意识及其影响因素,为高校进行控烟教育提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对806名大学生进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果大学生吸烟态度总体均值为（1．80±0．72）,低于理论中值2．5;律己控烟意识的总体均值为（1．30±0．46）,律他控烟意识的总体均值为（1．38±0．49）,均低于理论中值1．5。不同性别、学历和学科的大学生对吸烟态度的差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）;不同学科和民族的大学生对律己控烟和律他控烟的差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）。个人吸烟状况与控烟意识各因子均呈显著负相关（p〈0．01）,父母吸烟状况与大学生吸烟态度呈显著正相关（r=0．155,p〈0．05）;接受过父母的吸烟危害教育的学生为73．9％,接受过学校的吸烟危害教育的学生仅为24．8％;父母吸烟危害教育与吸烟态度呈显著负相关（r=-0．103,p〈0．01）,与律已控烟呈显著正相关（r=0．098,p〈0．01）。结论大学生控烟意识处于中等偏上水平,但不同性别、学历、学科、民族存在差异。父母吸烟状况和吸烟危害教育与大学生控烟意识密切相关,而高校对大学生缺乏控烟教育。为全面提高大学生控烟意识,高校对大学生进行控烟健康教育与家庭教育应相互结合,相互促进。     

Improving media message interpretation processing skills to promote healthy decision making about substance use: the effects of the middle school media ready curriculum

The Media Ready Program was designed as a middle school, media literacy education, preventive intervention program to improve adolescents' media literacy skills and reduce their intention to use alcohol or tobacco products. In a short-term efficacy trial, schools in North Carolina were randomly assigned to conditions (Media Ready: n?=?214; control: n?=?198). Boys in the Media Ready group reported significantly less intention to use alcohol in the future than did boys in the control group. Also, students in the Media Ready group who had used tobacco in the past reported significantly less intention to use tobacco in the future than did students in the control group who had previously used tobacco. Multilevel multiple mediation analyses suggest that the set of logical analysis Message Interpretation Processing variables mediated the program's effect on students' intentions to use alcohol or tobacco in the future.     

Impact of the life skills training curriculum on middle school students tobacco use in Marion County, Indiana, 1997-2000

Evaluation of school-based tobacco prevention and control programs have yielded mixed results. This study assessed the impact of the Life Skills Training curriculum on Marion County, Ind., middle school students' knowledge, attitudes, and ability to make good lifestyle decisions. From 1997 to 2000, students in grades six to eight in the study schools received the Life Skills Training curriculum. Survey data (n = 1,598) were used to compare tobacco use behavior, attitudes, and knowledge of those exposed with those not exposed to the program. Of the students surveyed, 12.5% were currently smoking. There were significantly fewer current smokers, and more students exposed to the program indicated they intended to stay smoke-free. Fewer of those participating in the program "hung out" with smokers and more said they could easily refuse a cigarette if offered one. Students completing the Life Skills Training curriculum were more knowledgeable about the health effects of smoking. Program effects were different for male and female students as well as for White and Black students.     

Impact of a School-Based AIDS Prevention Program on Risk and Protective Behavior for Newly Sexually Active Students

ABSTRACT: This project assessed the impact of a school-based AIDS prevention program on student participation in sexual risk and protective behaviors such as use of condoms and use of condoms with foam and intention to participate in such behaviors. The paper focuses on students who became sexually active for the first time between the seventh and eighth grade ("changers," n = 312). The school-based intervention was developed using social cognitive theory and the social influences model of behavior change. Using an experimental, longitudinal design, 15 high-risk school districts were divided randomly into two treatment (10 districts) and one control (five districts) conditions. Students in both treatment conditions received a 10-lesson classroom program in the seventh grade with a five-lesson booster in the eighth grade, while control students received basic AIDS education (current practice in their districts) in compliance with state mandates. Results indicated classroom programs had an impact on certain protective behaviors and on frequency of sexual activity the past month. Post-intervention measures also indicated the program affected students' intentions to perform specific protective behaviors.     

Viewpoints of Minnesota Students on School-Based Sexuality Education

ABSTRACT: This study gathered information on the perceptions of high school students with regard to human sexuality education. Six focus groups were conducted with 9th-12th grade students at public high schools in the Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, area. Students described the content of effective sexuality education as covering a variety of human sexuality topics as well as emotional/social aspects of sexuality and relationships. They advocated starling such education in early elementary school and cover ing all topics by eighth grade. Students strongly favored a presentation style that was open, honest, comfortable, and nonjudgmental, and they believed teachers should be specially trained in this area. Relating material to students' lives and using a discussion format were also considered essential to effective sexuality education. The students' viewpoints have significant implications for teachers, school administrators, and policy makers.     

大中小学生健康素质教育衔接路径与策略研究

目的：分析大中小学生健康素质特征及主要影响教育路径,找出不同阶段学生健康素质教育的关键需求及衔接点,探讨提高学生健康素质教育策略。方法：运用分层整群抽样方法对杭州市城乡17所学校共2 939名大中小学生进行现场问卷调查;运用方差分析、曲线拟合及多元线性回归法分析大中小学生健康素质的差异及主要影响教育路径。结果：小学生健康素质最好,大学生与初中生差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,高中生健康素质最差;初高中阶段是当前学生持续健康素质教育质量、路径衔接及策略的最薄弱环节;大中小学生健康素质的主要影响教育路径及重要性顺次不同,随着学生层次提高,其生理素质的需求及对健康素质发展的作用逐渐减小,道德素质趋于稳定发展,心理素质和社会适应能力需求及作用持续增大。结论：大中小学生健康素质整体呈现出随着学生层次提高逐渐下降的态势;围绕小学生＂培育健康意识与生活习惯＂、中学生＂形成健康生活思维方式与行为＂、大学生＂塑造健康人格与提高健康素养与能力＂进行学校持续健康素质教育相关路径的衔接设计,是促进学生健康素质全面发展及实现＂健康育人＂首要教育目标的关键策略。     

The effectiveness of a tobacco prevention program with adolescents living in a tobacco-producing region.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the efficacy of a social-influences tobacco prevention program conducted with adolescents living in a high tobacco production area. METHODS: Students in 10 experimental schools completed the tobacco prevention program and a booster intervention. Control students received health education as usual. RESULTS: After 2 years of treatment, smoking rates in the treatment group (vs the control group) were lower for 30-day, 7-day, and 24-hour smoking. The intervention had more of an impact on those who were involved in raising tobacco than it did on those not involved in raising tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: Although modest, effects were achieved with minimal intervention time in a high-risk group, indicating that social-influences prevention programs may be effective in such groups.     

Perceived Health Needs of Secondary School Students in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT: Nigeria generally has overlooked the health needs of its adolescents. To determine student perceptions of their health-related needs, some 600 students in Uyo, the capital of Akwa Ibom State, were surveyed, and they identified several concerns. Their responses provided the basis to offer five recommendations for action: improve the quality of school health service facilities and personnel available in the secondary schools; implement a comprehensive national program of drug education and control; provide a healthful school environment; assess the quality and quantity of food provided to students, especially in boarding schools; and implement a comprehensive school health education program in Nigerian schools.     

Is there a relation between school smoking policies and youth cigarette smoking knowledge and behaviors?

To comply with workplace legislation, New Zealand schools are required to have policies regarding tobacco smoking. Many schools also have policies to prevent tobacco use by students, including education programmes, cessation support and punishment for students found smoking. This paper investigated the associations between school policies and the prevalence of students' cigarette smoking. Furthermore, we investigated the association between school policy and students' tobacco purchasing behavior, knowledge of health effects from tobacco use and likelihood of influencing others not to smoke. Data were obtained from a self-report survey administered to 2,658 New Zealand secondary school students and staff from 63 schools selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Components of school policy were not significantly associated with smoking outcomes, health knowledge or health behavior, and weakly related to a punishment emphasis and students advising others to not smoke. Similarly, weak associations were found between not advising others to not smoke and policies with a punishment emphasis as well as smoke-free environments. The results suggest that having a school tobacco policy was unrelated to the prevalence of tobacco use among students, tobacco purchasing behavior and knowledge of the negative health effects of tobacco.