P糖蛋白表达在儿童急性白血病中的意义

为探讨儿童急性白血病 (AL)P糖蛋白 (P gp)表达与临床、免疫分型及预后。运用单克隆抗体UIC2 及流式细胞仪 (FCM)间接免疫荧光法对不同时期儿童AL的P gp表达进行检测。结果 :4 5例初治急性淋巴细胞性白血病 (ALL)P gp表达率8 89% ,1 2例复发ALL阳性率为 2 5% ,完全缓解 (CR)组为 0。 32例初治急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANLL)P gp表达率为 1 8 75% ,6例复发ANLL 33 3% ,CR组为 0。初治ANLL患儿P gp表达与CD34 、CD7高度相关 ,初治ALL与CD抗原无明显相关性。P gp+ANLL的CR率 2 0 % ,明显低于P gp ANLL( 83 3% ) ,P gp+ALL的CR率 ( 75% )与P gp ALL的CR率 ( 92 86 % )相近 (P >0 0 5) ,但复发率高。结果表明 :P gp高表达是导致儿童AL化疗耐药的重要机制 ,检测P gp是判断预后 ,指导治疗的有用指标。     

实时定量聚合酶链反应检测微小残留白血病的临床研究

目的 探讨并研究实时定量聚合酶链反应(RQ—PCR)技术定量检测小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)微小残留病(MRD)的临床适用性和临床价值。方法 以免疫球蛋白重链(IgH)基因重排作为ALL的肿瘤标志,应用RQ—PCR、胚系探针策略,定量检测了34例B细胞ALL(B—ALL)患儿的MRD,并对其中的16例患儿进行了缓解期MRD的定量动态追踪观察。结果在34例B—ALL患儿的初治标本中IgH基因单克隆重排16例,对16例单克隆IgH重排靶基因进行序列分析发现,V片段使用最频繁的是V3家族,J片段使用最频繁的是J4和J6。在16个靶基因中,RQ—PCR的检测敏感度有9例为10-4,6例为10-5,1例为10-3,非特异性扩增见于6例患儿。16例初治患儿的标准曲线相关系数均为0.99以上,斜率均值为-3.34±0.37,截距均值为24.30±2.95。对16例患儿随访期样本的MRD动态追踪研究发现,复发患儿的MRD水平较高且复发前有动态增加。诱导化疗结束时的MRD水平与ALL高危因素无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论 研究表明,RQ—PCR技术胚系探针策略检测ALL患儿的MRD具有临床适用性,随访期标本MRD的定量检测及动态追踪监测具有临床价值。     

极限稀释法对急性淋巴细胞白血病IgH和Vδ2Dδ3基因重排的定量检测及其意义

目的探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)IgH和Vδ2Sδ3基因重排微小残留病(MRD)值在判断预后的意义.方法运用极限稀释法对ALL完全缓解期(CR)后不同时期的骨髓标本进行IgH和Vδ2Dδ3基因重排的定量检测.结果24例初诊时存在IgH或Vδ2Dδ3基因重排的ALL患者CR后不同时期51份骨髓标本中,MRD＞0.1%者3例,其中2例复发,1例失访,复发率为75%.MRD为0.002%～0.1%者6例,1例复发,复发率为17%.MRD＜0.002%者15例,无复发.复发组3例MRD均值为0.239%,未复发组20例MRD均值为0.004%.复发组MRD明显高于未复发组,P＜0.05.结论 ALL时IgH和Vδ2Dδ3基因重排的定量检测的MRD增高,则病人的复发危险率随之增高.加强化疗后化疗药物对白血病细胞的杀伤效应使MRD减少,CR后MRD定期监测对指导化疗药物的选择、观察疗效、判断预后有指导意义.     

细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞/白细胞介素2治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病微小残留病疗效观察

目的　探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞 (CIK)及白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )联合治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)微小残留病 (MRD)的疗效。方法　用巢式PCR法扩增T细胞受体δ(TCRδ)及免疫球蛋白重链(IgH)基因重排检测MRD ,对 2 8例化疗 12个月以上MRD仍阳性者中 14例予CIK细胞 /IL 2输注治疗为治疗组 ,余为对照组。结果　对照组 14例中 8例复发 ,6例MRD转阴 ,并长期生存 ;治疗组MRD均转阴 ,中位随访期 18个月未见复发 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　CIK/IL 2治疗具有清除MRD、减少儿童ALL复发的作用     

PCR技术在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病微小残留病的检测及临床意义

本文运用PCR技术，以IgH和TCRγ基因重排作为标志，检测了40例急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）微小残留病（MRD），其中有7例初治未缓解、12例部分缓解（PR）、13例完缓解（CR）的ALL患儿MRD检测阳性，另有8例（1例PR、7例CR）检测MRD阴性。文中发现CR时间越长，MRD阳性率越低，反之，CR时间越短，MRD阳性率越高。提示MRD可作为白血病治疗效果及判断预后的一个重要指标，CR后，MRD检测阳性有复发的危险，长期的MRD检测阴性，可作为临床停药观察的一个重要指标。PCR方法准确，先进，适于广泛推广应用。     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病髓系抗原和CD_(34)表达的分析

为分析小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)的髓系抗原、CD34 表达特点 ,采用间接免疫荧光法分析 6 2例初治的ALL患者的免疫表型。结果①儿童ALL髓系抗原阳性率达 2 0 2 % ,其中CD13阳性最常见 (占 1 2 % )T系ALL和B系ALL髓系抗原表达差异无显著性。ALL L2 中的阳性率高于L1(P <0 0 5)。②CD34 表达阳性率为33 3% ,B ALL阳性率高于T ALL(P <0 0 1 ) ,B ALL中前B细胞型明显高于普通型、B细胞各亚型。③CD34 表达与外周血幼稚细胞有关 (P <0 0 1 )。结果表明儿童ALL髓质抗原表达和FAB分型有关 ;CD34 表达与外周血原始细胞和脑膜白血病的发生有关。与ALL亚型、细胞分化程度有关。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病p16基因及P16蛋白失活与临床相关性的研究

目的　探讨p16基因、蛋白失活在小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)中的临床意义。方法应用免疫细胞化学方法检测 5 2例初治小儿ALLP16蛋白的表达水平。差异PCR技术检测 42例初治小儿ALLp16基因的纯合缺失。结果　p16基因总的纯合缺失率 38% (16 /4 2 ) ,p16基因缺失与T系表型、高白细胞总数 (>2 5× 10 9/L)、高肿瘤负荷、髓外浸润等影响预后的高危临床特征显著相关。高危型ALLp16基因缺失率 (6 7% )远高于标危型ALL(10 % ) ,P <0 .0 1。在预后好者中 ,p16基因纯合缺失率为 10 % (2 /19) ;在预后差者中 ,p16基因纯合缺失率为 5 4% (6 /11) ,二组差异有显著性 ,P <0 .0 5。P16蛋白表达缺失率为 5 8% (30 /5 2 ) ,P16蛋白缺失者除多见髓外浸润外 ,与其它临床高危因素及预后无关。结论　p16基因、蛋白失活在小儿ALL的发病过程中起重要作用。p16基因缺失者预后不良 ,与ALL复发可能有关 ,可作为评估预后 ,指导治疗的指标之一。     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病和CD_(34)抗原表达

目的 　分析小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)CD3 4 表达特点及与Ph染色体表达、预后的关系。方法 　采用间接免疫荧光法分析 42例初治的ALL患者的免疫表型 ,其中B ALL 3 1例 ,T ALL 9例 ,N ALL 2例。结果　(1)小儿ALLCD3 4 阳性 14例 ,阳性率 3 3 3 %,其中 ,B ALL阳性 13例 (4 1 9%) ,T ALL阳性 1例 (11 1%) ,N ALL未检出阳性 ,B系ALL阳性率明显高于T系ALL(P <0 0 5 ) ,ALL L2 中的阳性率高于L1 (P<0 0 5 ) (2 )CD3 4 表达与外周血幼稚细胞有关 (P <0 0 1)与患者治疗前白细胞数、肝脾大及出血情况无关。 (3 )CD3 4 表达和脑膜白血病有关 (P <0 0 1)和缓解率无显著相关性。 (4 )Ph染色体阳性率为 3 1 2 %。CD3 4 表达和Ph染色体无显著相关性。 结论 　CD3 4 表达阳性组外周血原始细胞增多 ,引起脑膜白血病机会多。CD3 4 表达与ALL亚型、细胞分化程度有关。和治疗缓解率及染色体无显著关系。     

ALL患儿诱导治疗结束时微小残留病水平与预后的关系

目的 探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)诱导治疗完全缓解后微小残留病(MRD)与预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析内蒙古自治区人民医院小儿血液科2015年06月-2018年12月期间收治的60例ALL患儿,使用流式细胞术检测患儿第33天MRD,追踪至形态学复发或随访截止日期.定义MRD≥104为微小残留病阳性.结果 60例...     

急性白血病患儿血清白细胞介素—3的变化

目的　探讨急性白血病 (AL)血清白细胞介素 3(IL 3)的变化及意义。方法　采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL 3。结果　急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)初治组为 195 .83± 10 8.2 5 pg/ml,急性髓性白血病 (AML)初治组 5 0 3.18± 193.0 1pg/ml,正常对照组 192 .5± 93.2 5pg/ml。ALL初治组与正常对照组比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,AML初治组显著高于正常组 (P <0 .0 1)和ALL初治组 (P <0 .0 1) ;4周化疗完全缓解(CR)组ALL为 184.6 4± 75 .92 pg/ml,与初治组无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。CR组AML为 393.0 0± 117.77pg/ml,与初治组无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;ALL长期缓解组为 175 .77± 91.5 6pg/ml,与 4周缓解组及正常对照组比较均无差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　血清IL 3可能与ALL的发病无明显相关 ,而参与了AML的病理生理及疾病过程     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.