半量瑞替普酶溶栓治疗急性下壁心肌梗死疗效观察

目的:观察半量瑞替普酶(r-PA)溶栓治疗急性下壁心肌梗死(AIMI)的疗效。方法:选择AIMI 76例,随机分为r-PA组(观察组)40例和尿激酶组(对照组)36例。对照组给予尿激酶(UK)150万U,溶于100ml生理盐水中静脉滴注;观察组给予半量瑞替普酶10MU静脉注射,仅给予1剂。两组均常规给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素等常规抗凝血、抗血小板集聚及其他对症治疗。比较两组血管再通率,严重心律失常发作、梗死后心绞痛、心源性休克发生情况,院内病死率及出血等并发症发生情况。结果:观察组临床血管再通率82.5%,非常显著高于对照组的47.2%(P<0.01);两组急性期梗死后心绞痛、严重心律失常、心源性休克及院内病死发生率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:半量瑞替普酶用于急性下壁心肌梗死溶栓疗效优于尿激酶溶栓。     

高危肺动脉栓塞介入治疗的疗效评价

目的:探讨高危肺动脉栓塞进行肺动脉内介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法:危险分层为高危肺动脉栓塞患者26例,经肺动脉内导管碎栓和局部灌注瑞替普酶溶栓的综合介入治疗,观察处理前后肺循环改善情况,分析心肺血流动力学的改变。结果:26例术前平均肺动脉压、动脉血氧分压和血压分别为(63.78±6.89)、(73.23±11.51)和(87.35±10.92)mmHg。术后分别为(26.23±10.27)、(93.48±6.17)和(127.14±13.15)mmHg,与治疗前比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随访6~36个月,25例疗效持续,1例复发。结论:肺动脉内导管碎栓联合局部灌注瑞替普酶溶栓的介入治疗方法能迅速改善高危肺栓塞患者肺循环梗阻状况和临床症状,无明显并发症,对维持血流动力学稳定有很好作用。     

低分子肝素钙联合瑞替普酶在ST段抬高心肌梗死溶栓治疗中的疗效分析

目的 探讨低分子肝素钙联合瑞替普酶在ST段抬高心肌梗死(ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI)溶栓治疗中的应用效果。方法 研究为回顾性研究,共收集2019年1月-2021年12月在医院接受溶栓治疗的80例STEMI患者资料,根据治疗方法分为观察组(低分子肝素钙联合瑞替普酶,40例)和对照组(瑞替普酶,40例)。翻阅患者病例资料,统计两组治疗7 d时总有效率,并比较两组治疗前和治疗7 d时心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)]及血清指标[N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)]。结果 两组经过7 d规范治疗后,观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组经过7 d规范治疗后,观察组NT-proBNP相较于对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组经过7 d规范治疗后,观察组NT-proBNP相较于对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 低分子肝素钙联合瑞替普酶治疗STEMI可提升疗效,改善NT-proBNP水...     

阿替普酶治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床研究及机制

目的：探讨阿替普酶对急性脑梗死患者的影响。方法选择2011年1月—2015年12月我院收治的急性脑梗死患者188例,按照随机数字表法1：1分为阿替普酶组（n=94）与对照组（n=94）,两组患者的一般资料比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。对照组行常规治疗,阿替普酶组行常规治疗联合阿替普酶治疗。观察两组PS（P选择素）、hs-CRP（超敏C-反应蛋白）、IL-1（白介素-1）、IL-6（白介素-6）、IL-8（白介素-8）、TNF-α（肿瘤坏死因子-α）、大脑主要动脉血液流动速度、日常生活能力,治疗后6h、24h、7d、14d神经功能缺损程度及临床疗效。结果治疗7d后,阿替普酶组PS、hs-CRP、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α等血清炎性因子均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,阿替普酶组前、中、后动脉,椎动脉,基底动脉等血流速度均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,Barthel指数得分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后6h、24h、7d、14d,阿替普酶组NIHSS低于对照组（P＜0.05）。阿替普酶组总有效率（95.74%）高于对照组（76.60%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论阿替普酶可有效调节急性脑梗死患者血清炎性因子,促进脑部血流,疗效显著,不良反应发生率低,值得应用于临床。     

尿激酶动静脉溶栓治疗犬急性肺动脉栓塞的对照研究

目的 评价动脉内尿激酶(UK)溶栓治疗犬急性肺动脉栓塞的安全性和有效性.方法 用犬自体血栓建立选择性急性肺动脉栓塞模型,24只犬随机分为动脉溶栓组(30 min内经导管注入UK10 000 u/kg)、静脉溶栓组(2 h内经静脉滴入UK 20 000 u/kg)及对照组(2 h内经静脉滴入生理盐水100ml),每组8只.监测其平均肺动脉压(PAMP)、血气分析(PaO2、PaCO2)、凝血指标(PT、APTT)和D-二聚体(D-D)以及肺动脉造影复查.结果 溶栓后2 h三组PAMP、PaO2及D-D值比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),溶栓后4 h动脉组与静脉组的PAMP、PaO2及D-D值比较无差异(P＞0.05).造影复查显示:动脉组比静脉组能更快溶解血栓,恢复肺组织血供.结论 动脉溶栓较静脉溶栓所需的UK剂量小,并能更快降低肺动脉压、提高动脉血氧分压,恢复肺组织血流.     

急性脑梗死阿替普酶静脉溶栓后血管再闭塞应用低分子肝素钙的价值

 目的 探讨低分子肝素钙对急性脑梗死阿替普酶静脉溶栓后血管再闭塞患者的应用价值。方法 收集2010-2014年上海市同仁医院神经内科收治的经阿替普酶静脉溶栓后血管再闭塞的44例急性脑梗死患者资料,根据是否采用低分子肝素钙,分为抗凝组和对照组,抗凝组23例,对照组21例。评价两组治疗后1、14、90 d的疗效,包括神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及mRS评分,同时观察90 d内再脑出血发生率及病死率。结果 抗凝组和对照组14 d总有效率分别为78.3%、42.9%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);90 d mRS评分分别为2.00±1.51、3.10±1.76,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。抗凝组和对照组脑出血(症状性脑出血+非症状性脑出血)发生率分别为17.4％、14.3％,病死率分别为8.7%、9.5％,两组比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论 低分子肝素钙治疗阿替普酶溶栓后血管再闭塞,可改善患者神经功能,效果满意。     

瑞替普酶、尿激酶经导管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓的疗效观察

目的 观察瑞替普酶(rPA)与尿激酶(UK)在急性下肢深静脉血栓(ADVT)溶栓治疗中的临床疗效和不良反应.方法 自2008年12月-2012年5月对40例ADVT患者随机分为2组,每组各20例.2组均采用导管溶栓术(CDT),A组给予rPA每日20 Mu,B组给予UK每日50万～60万u溶栓,同时加用抗凝、抗血小板药物治疗.观察疗效的临床指标、过敏反应及出血并发症等.结果 rPA组溶栓总有效率为100％,UK组总有效率为95％,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),rPA溶栓起效迅速,较UK具有良好的时效性.两组的过敏反应及出血差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 rPA和UK都是治疗ADVT疗效肯定、安全的溶栓药物,rPA溶栓起效迅速,较UK具有良好的时效性.     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死合并糖尿病的疗效评价

目的 探讨阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死合并糖尿病的疗效.方法 选取98例患者,分为两组,合并糖尿病组52例和不合并糖尿病组46例.均给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗.结果 治疗后1d,21 d的NIHSS评分均明显低于治疗前(P＜0.05),且不合并糖尿病组治疗后的NIHSS评分明显低于合并糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0...     

阿替普酶溶栓治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床评价

目的探讨阿替普酶（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床疗效和安全性。方法将我院2010年1月～2014年1月收治的126例ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为阿替普酶（rt-PA）组和尿激酶（UK）组,两组均在予阿斯匹林、氯吡格雷双联抗血小板、阿托伐他汀及其他常规治疗的基础上,分别给予阿替普酶及尿激酶溶栓治疗,比较两组总的冠脉开通率、胸痛缓解率、出血不良反应发生情况。结果 rt-PA组的冠脉再通率为79.4%,明显高于UK组的54.0%（P〈0.05）;rt-PA组的胸痛缓解率明显高于UK组（P〈0.05）,而出血不良反应明显低于UK组（P〈0.05）。结论阿替普酶溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死,比尿激酶具有更高的冠脉开通率,临床疗效更佳,出血不良反应更少,安全性好,更适合基层医院推广使用。     

蕲蛇酶联合尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察蕲蛇酶联合尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 将120例急性脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组(n=60)和对照组(n=60).除常规治疗外,两组患者均采用尿激酶溶栓,在溶栓24h后,治疗组患者加用蕲蛇酶,静脉滴注,每日1次,连续7d.比较两组患者住院期间NIHSS和OHS评分的变化,治疗显效率及总有效率,并观察2组患者不良反应的发生情况.结果 治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗前两组NIHSS和OHS评分比较无统计学差异;治疗后第21 d,治疗组NIHSS及OHS评分显著优于对照组(P＜0.05),治疗组显效率和总有效率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 蕲蛇酶联合尿激酶可有效改善急性脑梗死患者的神经功能,且效果优于单用尿激酶.     

溶栓加抗凝疗法与单纯抗凝疗法对次大面积肺栓塞的疗效及远期预后的影响

目的分析次大面积肺栓塞症患者行溶栓或抗凝治疗的有效性及安全性,并随访1年,观察远期无事件生存率。方法将确诊的106例次大面积肺栓塞症患者随机分为两组,A组(n=51)予以尿激酶20 000 U/kg静脉滴注。溶栓结束后,开始予以皮下注射低分子量肝素治疗,并重叠口服华法林,尔后单纯应用华法林,直至INR达到2~3。B组(n=55)只用低分子量肝素和华法林抗凝,用法同A组。观察疗效并随访1年,观察主要终点事件(再发肺栓塞、严重出血及死亡)发生率。结果两组一般情况、基础临床情况均无显著差异(P>0.05)。A组51例用尿激酶溶栓和低分子量肝素抗凝治疗者,46例有效(90.2%),有1例(1.9%)患者发生脑出血;B组55例单用低分子量肝素抗凝治疗者,37例有效(67.3%),无严重出血发生。随访1年时,A组有4例(13.7%)发生主要终点事件,B组有6例(14.5%)发生主要终点事件,两组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论联合应用尿激酶溶栓和低分子量肝素抗凝治疗次大面积肺栓塞症患者安全、有效,但与单用低分子量肝素抗凝治疗相比,其并不能改善1年后的无事件生存率。     

下肢深静脉血栓局部溶栓的疗效与影响因素

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓局部溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素。方法 对60例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,采用经导管血栓局部先团注量灌注尿激酶250000U,然后以125000－150000U／h持续灌注。结果 全组溶栓治疗时间4－76h,平均38h,尿激酶用量750000U－9750000U,平均5150000U,血管再通率88．3％。病程＜4周的急性或亚急性血栓形成患者46例,溶栓后阻塞段血管再通44例（95．7％）。在14例慢性血栓形成患者中,血管再通9例（64．3％）。对残存狭窄＞30％的23例患者,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术（PTA）治疗,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效。6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论 经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗下肢深静脉血栓的安全有效方法,其疗效与多种因素有关。     

Control of hemoptysis: systemic angiography and anastomoses of the internal mammary artery

Twenty-three patients with massive and recurrent hemoptysis were examined with angiography. Particular attention was directed to the internal mammary arteries. Specific causes for the bleeding were tuberculosis (n = 9), aspergilloma (n = 8), bronchiectasis (n = 1), primary systemic amyloidosis (n = 1), congenital and acquired pulmonary venous obstruction (n = 2), chronic pulmonary embolism (n = 1), and bilateral congenital pulmonary artery stenosis (n = 1). Eleven of these 23 patients were treated with systemic arterial embolization, and immediate cessation of bleeding occurred in nine. The recognition of the numerous collateral vessels and anastomoses of the internal mammary arteries is essential for successful percutaneous embolization for hemoptysis. The authors outline these various pathways and collateral vessels.     

双源CT双能量肺灌注成像的初步观察

目的 评价双源CT双能量扫描肺灌注成像的临床应用价值.方法 选择2007年5月至8月临床怀疑肺部疾病的连续54例患者行肺部增强双能量扫描,按照肺部不同病变分为4组:正常组、渗出性病变组、肿块性病变组和肺栓塞组.分析不同组别之间双能量CT灌注成像的表现.结果 正常组14例,肺部双能量灌注成像表现双侧肺部灌注对称,未见明显差异.渗出性病变组10例,表现为局部灌注量降低;肿块性病变组27例,因为发生位置不同肺部灌注成像表现各异,外周性肿块表现为局部肿块区域的灌注缺损,而中央型肿块因为累及肺门血管而表现为肺段性灌注降低区或缺损区.肺栓塞组3例,表现为肺栓塞区域的灌注缺损或稀疏.结论 利用双源CT双能量扫描可以观察肺的灌注状态,尤其有利于评价中央型肺癌和肺栓塞患者肺灌注的异常.     

Adjunctive percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis: clinical and economic outcomes

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and economic benefits of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) alone versus CDT with rheolytic percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute iliofemoral DVT treated with CDT with urokinase between 1997 and 2003 were identified. Demographic characteristics and clinical and economic outcomes were compared between patients treated with CDT alone versus CDT plus PMT. RESULTS: Twenty-six limbs in 23 patients received CDT with urokinase, whereas 19 limbs in 14 patients were treated with CDT plus PMT. Mean treatment duration for CDT was 56.5 +/- 27.4 hours, compared with 30.3 +/- 17.8 hours for CDT plus PMT (P = .001). Mean urokinase dose for CDT was 6.70 +/- 5.9 million U compared with 2.95 +/- 1.82 million U for CDT plus PMT (P = .011). Urokinase CDT achieved complete clot lysis in 80.7% of limbs (n = 21) compared with 84.2% of limbs (n = 16) treated with CDT plus PMT (P = .764). The incidences of major bleeding (CDT, 7.7%; CDT plus PMT, 5.3%; P = .749) and pulmonary embolism (CDT, 3.8%; CDT plus PMT, 5.3%; P = .818) were similar. The mean urokinase and PMT device cost for CDT alone was $10,127 compared with $5,128 for CDT plus PMT (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous CDT with rheolytic PMT is as effective as CDT alone for acute iliofemoral DVT but requires significantly shorter treatment and lower lytic agent dose, resulting in lower costs. Randomized studies to confirm the benefits of pharmacomechanical thrombolysis in the treatment of DVT are warranted.     

Pulmonary embolism from pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis grafts: urokinase versus heparinized saline

PURPOSE: To compare the frequency and extent of pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring during pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PSPMT) of clotted hemodialysis grafts with use of either urokinase (UK) or heparinized saline (HS). Postintervention primary patency and complication rates were compared for each method of thrombolysis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study evaluating PE with two PSPMT agents. The doses of heparin were similar between groups. The only variable was that one group of patients received UK and the other received HS. In two cases, the venous anastomosis could not be crossed. Eleven patients were treated with UK and 14 with HS. Nuclear medicine perfusion lung scans were performed before treatment and after graft declotting procedures. Lung perfusion was quantified to 10% of a pulmonary segment (0 = normal perfusion, 1 = segmental perfusion defect), with nine segments counted for each lung. RESULTS: Baseline nuclear medicine perfusion lung scan results were abnormal (> or = 20% segmental perfusion defect) in 19 patients (70.4%). New PE (one or more pulmonary segments) occurred in two patients treated with UK (18.2%) and nine patients treated with HS (64.3%; P = .04). All cases of PE were asymptomatic. Quantitative global pulmonary perfusion analyses revealed that treatment with UK improved flow to 0.2 +/- 2.0 pulmonary segments, whereas treatment with HS decreased perfusion to 1.0 +/- 1.7 segments (P = .16, NS). Although postintervention primary patency rates were similar according to life-table analysis (P = .76, NS), complication rates were higher with use of HS (n = 4, 28.6%) than with use of UK (n = 2, 18.2%) (P = .6, NS). CONCLUSIONS: All PE were asymptomatic during PSPMT, but treatment with UK reduced the rate of PE and tended to result in smaller defects in lung scan results. Most patients undergoing hemodialysis have abnormal baseline perfusion scan results, but PSPMT with UK improved many of them. The postintervention primary patency rates were similar between groups, but complications were more frequent after treatment with HS.     

Computed tomography in pulmonary artery sarcoma: distinguishing features from pulmonary embolic disease

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to present the computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary artery sarcoma in 7 patients with a focus on the distinguishing features of pulmonary embolic disease. METHODS: For the 9 years from December 1993 to November 2002, we treated 7 patients with pathologically proven pulmonary artery sarcoma, and during the 2 years from December 2000 to November 2002, we treated 40 patients with acute (n = 33) or chronic (n = 7) pulmonary embolism. In these patients, pulmonary embolism was diagnosed from serial CT or clinical findings. Two chest radiologists, blinded to the diagnoses, independently reviewed the scans of all 47 patients in random order, and the so-documented CT features of sarcoma and pulmonary embolism were compared by using Fisher exact test or the generalized estimating equations test. RESULTS: The two most frequent CT findings of pulmonary artery sarcomas were a low-attenuation filling defect occupying the entire luminal diameter of the main (n = 1) or proximal (n = 6) pulmonary artery and an expansion of any segment of the pulmonary artery with extensive intraluminal filling defect, as observed in six (86%) of 7 patients. In contrast, the finding of a lesion occupying the entire luminal diameter at the level of proximal pulmonary arteries was absent in all 40 patients with pulmonary embolism (P < 0.0001) (kappa = 0.9111). Expansion of the pulmonary arteries was seen in one (3%) of 40 patients with pulmonary embolism (P < 0.0001) (kappa = 0.9108). Extraluminal extension was observed in 5 of 7 (71%) patients with sarcoma, but in no patient with an embolism (P < 0.0001) (kappa = 0.8773). CONCLUSION: CT can help differentiate pulmonary artery sarcoma from pulmonary embolism by indicating a low-attenuation filling defect occupying the entire luminal diameter of the proximal or main pulmonary artery, expansion of the involved arteries, or extraluminal tumor extension.     

Catheter-directed thrombolysis with the Endowave system in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism: a retrospective multicenter case series

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis with the EndoWave peripheral infusion system in the treatment of patients with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) as compared to patients treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients (five men and five women; age range, 31-85 years; mean age, 54.20 years) with massive acute PE (17 lesions) were treated with ultrasonography (US)-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis with the Endowave system. All patients had hypoxia and dyspnea. No patient had contraindication for thrombolysis. Angiographic findings, duration of lysis, dose of thrombolytics used, and procedural complications were recorded. Thrombolytics used were urokinase, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and Reteplase. RESULTS: Complete thrombus removal was achieved in 13 of the 17 lesions (76%), near complete thrombolysis was achieved in three lesions (18%), and partial thrombolysis was achieved in one lesion (6%). The mean time of thrombolysis was 24.76 hours +/- 8.44 (median, 24 hours). The mean dose of tPA used for the Endowave group was 0.88 mg/h +/- 0.19 (13 lesions). CONCLUSIONS: US-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis is an effective method for treating massive thrombolysis. It has the potential to shorten the time of lysis and lower the dose of thrombolytics.     

血管内介入治疗急性肺栓塞疗效观察

目的:研究经皮血管内介入治疗肺栓塞的临床价值。方法:21例临床疑诊病例,经多层螺旋CT或心脏彩超诊断为大面积或次大面积肺栓塞后,立即接受经皮肺动脉内导管碎栓及溶栓治疗。观察肺循环和临床症状改善情况。18例同时合并有下肢深静脉血栓患者,溶栓治疗后放置下腔静脉滤器。结果:20例患者临床症状明显改善。1例改善不明显。治疗前平均肺动脉压(36±5)mmHg、动脉血氧分压(32±6)mmHg,溶栓治疗后分别为(20±3)mmHg、(66±4)mmHg,前后比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血管内介入治疗急性大面积或次大面积肺栓塞安全、有效。     

介入溶栓球囊扩张术治疗肺动脉栓塞疗效探讨

目的 评价介入溶栓球囊扩张术对肺动脉栓塞治疗效果.方法 8例肺动脉栓塞患者,经股静脉穿刺插管,导管导丝置于肺动脉内进行血栓捣碎、采用尿激酶冲击溶栓、球囊扩张术和24 h尿激酶持续溶栓,同时给予肝素抗凝治疗.结果 完全开通3例,部分开通5例.3例血氧饱和度达到100%,5例血氧饱和度达93%以上.结论 介入溶栓球囊扩张术治疗肺动脉栓塞能及时开通肺动脉,恢复肺动脉血流动力学改变,纠正低氧血症,是治疗肺动脉栓塞一种有效的方法 .