Association of primary varicose veins with dysregulated vein wall apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Disordered programmed cell death may play a role in the development of superficial venous incompetence. We have determined the number of cells in apoptosis, and the mediators regulating the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in specimens of varicose vein. METHODS: Venous segments were obtained from 46 patients undergoing surgical treatment for primary varicose veins. Controls samples were obtained from 20 patients undergoing distal arterial bypass grafting surgery. Segments of the distal and proximal saphenous trunk as well as tributaries were studied. Cell apoptoses and mediators of the mitochondrial and trans membrane pathway were evaluated with peroxidase in situ apoptosis detection, Bax and Fas detection, caspase-9 and 8 detection in the medial layer. RESULTS: Disorganised histological architecture was observed in varicose veins. Primary varicose veins also contained fewer peroxidase in situ-positive cells than control veins (2.6% S.D. 0.2% versus 12% S.D. 0.93%, P=.0001, Mann-Whitney u test), fewer Bax positive cells (2.1.% S.D. 0.3% versus 13% S.D. 0.9%, P=.0001) and fewer Caspase 9 positive cells (3.2% S.D. 1% versus 12% S.D. 1.3%, P=.0001). Similar findings were observed in saphenous trunk, main tributaries and accessory veins. In patients with recurrent varicose veins in whom the saphenous trunk had been preserved showed similar findings to primary varicose veins. Residual varicose veins contained fewer peroxidase in situ-positive cells than healthy veins (3.2% S.D. 0.6% versus 11% S.D. 2%, P=.0001), fewer Bax positive cells (2.2% S.D. 0.3% versus 12% S.D. 0.7%, P=.0001) and fewer Caspase 9 positive cells (2.6% S.D. 0.6% versus 12% S.D. 1%, P=.0001). Immunohistochemical detection for Fas and caspase 8 remained equal was the same in the varicose vein and control groups. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis is down regulated in the medial layer of varicose veins. This dysregulation is attributable to a disorder of the intrinsic pathway and involves the great saphenous vein trunk, major tributaries and accessory veins. This process may be among the causes of primary varicose veins.     

Stripping the long saphenous vein reduces the rate of reoperation for recurrent varicose veins: five-year results of a randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible long-term clinical advantages of stripping the long saphenous vein during routine primary varicose vein surgery. METHODS: The study was designed as a 5-year, clinical and duplex scan follow-up examination of a group of patients who were randomized to stripping of the long saphenous vein during varicose vein surgery versus saphenofemoral ligation alone. The study was conducted in the vascular unit of a district general hospital. One hundred patients (133 legs) with uncomplicated primary long saphenous varicose veins originally were randomized. After invitation 5 years later, 78 patients (110 legs) underwent clinical review and duplex scan imaging. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients remained pleased with the results of their surgery (35 of 39 stripped vs 30 of 39 ligated; P = .13). Reoperation, either done or awaited, for recurrent long saphenous veins was necessary for three of 52 of the legs that underwent stripping versus 12 of 58 ligated legs. The relative risk was 0.28, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.13 to 0.59 (P = .02). Neovascularization at the saphenofemoral junction was responsible for 10 of 12 recurrent veins that underwent reoperation and also was the cause of recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence in 12 of 52 stripped veins versus 30 of 58 ligated legs. The relative risk was 0.45, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.26 to 0.78 (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Stripping reduced the risk of reoperation by two thirds after 5 years and should be routine for primary long saphenous varicose veins.     

A Nondraining Saphenous System Is a Factor of Poor Prognosis for Long-Term Results in Surgery of Great Saphenous Vein Recurrences

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the evolution of superficial venous disease after the suppression of every principal or accessory saphenous trunk. METHODS: To achieve this aim, the long-term results of complete ablation of saphenous trunks and varicose veins during redo surgery for recurrent great saphenous veins have been assessed. Of 170 extremities (137 patients), 4.9 years of follow-up data based on physical and ultrasound examinations were obtained for 119 extremities (100 patients). RESULTS: No varicose veins could be observed for 27.7% of extremities. For 45.3% diffuse varicose veins without reflux between the deep and superficial system could be observed. For 26.8% varicose veins and a new reflux had developed between the deep and superficial venous system. After 5 years, recurrent varicose veins were significantly associated, before operation, with the absence of insufficient residual saphenous trunk and with the presence of diffuse varicose veins (p=0.015) and, during redo surgery, with a higher number of phlebectomy incisions (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The absence of superficial venous drainage (complete removal of varicose veins and saphenous trunk) leads to appearance of rerecurrences in the surgery of great saphenous vein recurrences, 72.3% of the cases show still new varices at the 5-year follow-up. This poor prognosis probably suggests the presence of a nondraining superficial venous system.     

Prevalence of varicose veins and venous anatomy in patients without truncal saphenous reflux.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and distribution of primary venous reflux in the lower limbs in patients without truncal saphenous reflux. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One thousand and seven hundred and twelve patients with suspected venous disease were examined by duplex ultrasonography. Seven hundred and thirty-five patients had primary varicose veins with competent saphenous trunks. Limbs with truncal saphenous reflux, deep vein reflux or obstruction, previous injection sclerotherapy or vein surgery, arterial disease and inflammation of non-venous origin were excluded from further consideration. The CEAP classification system was used for clinical staging. Systematic duplex ultrasound examination was undertaken to assess the distribution of incompetent saphenous tributaries. RESULTS: The prevalence of primary reflux with competent saphenous trunks was 43%. Reflux of GSV calf tributaries was the most common. The majority of the limbs (96%) belonged to chronic venous disease classes C1 and C2 of the CEAP classification. CONCLUSIONS: Superficial venous reflux causing varicose veins in the presence competent saphenous trunks is very prevalent in this series in contrast to other studies, presumably reflecting differing patient populations. Our data clearly show that varicose veins may occur in any vein and do not depend on truncal saphenous incompetence. Careful duplex ultrasound evaluation allows the pattern of venous reflux to be established in this group of patient ensuring appropriate management of varices.     

Resecting the great saphenous stump with endothelial inversion decreases neither neovascularization nor thigh varicosity recurrence

BACKGROUND: Neovascularization at the saphenofemoral junction is one of the principal causes of recurrent varicose veins after great saphenous vein surgery. Because angiogenic stimulation from the exposed endothelium of the great saphenous vein stump is considered an important trigger for this process, we hypothesized that complete resection of the stump with endothelial inversion might lessen grade 2 groin neovascularization and thereby decrease recurrence of thigh varicosities. METHODS: Two groups of consecutive patients with primary varicose veins of the great saphenous vein were studied. Group A was a historical control group of 70 limbs (48 patients) in which conventional flush ligation was performed at the level of the saphenofemoral junction. Group B was a prospectively studied clinical trial cohort of 65 limbs (45 patients), wherein the great saphenous vein stump was completely resected using a side-biting clamp to isolate the saphenofemoral junction, and the resulting common femoral vein venotomy was closed with a running inverting suture. Early postoperative follow-up was performed at 6 weeks. Clinical examinations and duplex ultrasound scans were performed after 2 years of follow-up. Grade 2 groin neovascularization was defined by the presence of >3 mm tortuous new refluxing veins, typically communicating with recurrent varicosities in the thigh. RESULTS: After 2 years, recurrent varicose veins were present in the thighs of 13 of 65 limbs (20%) in group A and in 22 of 61 limbs (36%) of group B (P = .049). Grade 2 neovascularization was present at the saphenofemoral junction in six of 65 limbs (9%) of group A and in 12 of 61 limbs (20%) of group B (P = .127). CONCLUSION: Complete resection of the great saphenous vein stump and inversion suturing of the common femoral vein venotomy, instead of simple flush ligation at the level of the saphenofemoral junction, do not appear to decrease grade 2 neovascularization and related thigh varicosity recurrence after great saphenous vein stripping for primary varicose veins.     

Gross anatomy of primary varicose veins observed in endoscopic surgery

The gross anatomy of varicose veins is one of the most important factors in the study of varicosity. Because of wide variations in the extent of involvement and degree of severity of varicose veins, it is difficult to obtain live and intact specimens of varicose veins. With good illumination and magnified monitor viewing, the varicositic main channel, its tributaries, and the incompetent perforating veins can be dissected and visualized clearly during endoscopic surgery. Thus, the whole range of varicosities can be observed directly in situ. Characteristic features of the varicosities of 350 limbs have been recorded by video and photographs for study and classification. These features include: 1) poor contractility of varicose veins; 2) dilated and tortuous changes of varicose veins; 3) saccular or lateral bulging deformities of vein walls, or both; 4) uniformly dilated and tortuous deformities of a long vein; 5) varicositic changes of the accessory vein; 6) anatomic abnormalities of varicose veins, such as supernumerary tributaries, varicositic clusters, and a crowded relationship among the long saphenous vein, perforating vein and tributaries; 7) various conditions of the perforating veins; and 8) the close relationship among the long saphenous vein, perforating veins, and the saphenous nerve. These data provide valuable information for the study and management of primary varicose veins.     

Dysregulated apoptosis in primary varicose veins.

OBJECTIVE: Programmed cell death plays a critical role in various physiological processes. To investigate its possible pathogenic role in primary varicose veins we studied histological changes in surgical specimens from human varicose veins. In varicose and healthy veins, we also determined the number of cells in apoptosis, and investigated mediators regulating the intrinsic apoptotic mitochondrial pathway (Bax and caspase 9). METHODS: A total 23 varicose veins were obtained from 18 patients undergoing lower-extremity varicose vein surgery for primary varicose disorders. We used nine healthy veins obtained from nine patients undergoing distal arterial bypass grafting surgery as controls. The venous segment analysed was the distal part of the greater saphenous vein. Specimens for histological examination were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, trichromic and Victoria blue. Cell apoptoses and mediators of the mitochondrial pathway were detected in the media by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to peroxidase in situ apoptosis, Bax and caspase 9. Results were expressed as indexes for the three antibodies tested. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results obtained in the two groups. RESULTS: Varicose vein specimens exhibited a more disorganised architecture than healthy veins and showed an increased number of collagen fibres and a decrease in the density and size of elastic fibres. All anti-apoptotic antibodies tested detected significantly fewer immunoreactive cells in tissue sections from the media of varicose veins than of healthy veins (peroxidase in situ, varicose veins (VV) median 2.4% (inter-quartile range 1.6-3.9) versus control (C) 14% (IQR 8.8-19); Bax, VV 1.4% (IQR 0.36-2.4) versus C 11% (IQR 7.6-15); and caspase 9, VV 1.7% (IQR 0.06-3.4) versus C 10% (IQR 9.1-12), P=0.0001 (Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis is down regulated in the medial layer of varicose veins. This dysregulation of the cellular mechanism that maintains normal tissue integrity is mediated through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and may be among the causes of primary varicose veins.     

下肢原发性小隐静脉曲张的彩色超声检查与微创手术治疗

目的 探讨下肢原发性小隐静脉曲张的彩色多普勒超声检查及其微创手术治疗效果.方法 2001年1月～2011年1月,应用彩色多普勒超声检查12730例下肢静脉曲张患者,发现单纯原发性小隐静脉曲张647例,原发性大隐静脉曲张合并小隐静脉曲张182例,共829例患者,其中758例患者接受彩超引导下的微创手术治疗.结果 758例手术患者曲张静脉消失,术后随防1～10年,7例复发,原因为局部交通静脉功能不全所致,其余患者效果良好.结论 原发性小隐静脉曲张经常被外科医生忽视,是下肢静脉曲张术后复发的主要原因之一,术前通过超声检查可以方便地进行诊断,从而有效降低术后复发率.     

电凝术治疗下肢静脉曲张168例中长期随访报告

目的总结电凝术治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效。方法2000年4月～2007年4月电凝法治疗下肢静脉曲张168例238条肢体。经踝大隐静脉主干顺行插入电凝器至大隐静脉根部,高位结扎后用电凝针及电凝器分别电凝静脉曲张团块及大隐静脉主干。结果术后住院时间1～2d,无切口感染。踝周溃疡4周内全部愈合。近期并发症：局部皮肤Ⅰ度灼伤1例1条肢体,Ⅱ度灼伤1例1条肢体;浅静脉炎痛2例2条肢体;踝周麻感10例14条肢体。随访148例208条肢体,时间2～9年,平均6.6年,复发率3.4%（7/208）;下肢酸胀感缓解率95.3%（162/170）;皮炎及湿疹缓解85.7%（12/14）;踝周色素沉着缓解率41.7%（15/36）;胫前及踝周水肿缓解率为36.4%（16/44）。结论电凝术创伤小,术后恢复快,复发率低,疗效可靠,是治疗下肢静脉曲张的理想方法。     

The "T" Vein of the Leg

BACKGROUND: We frequently observe a tributary of the saphenous vein with the origin in the saphenous compartment of the medial aspect of the upper third of the leg. It runs transversally in the interfascial compartment toward the lateral aspect of the leg. Constantly it feeds by reflux varicose veins clinically visible in the paratibial region and/or in the lateral aspect of the leg. For the peculiarity of its anatomical shape as well as duplex appearance, we defined it as the "T" vein. OBJECTIVES: To assess how frequently the "T" vein of the leg is involved in varicose networks. METHODS: A total of 218 consecutive patients affected by primary varicose veins have been evaluated by the means of duplex scanning. We assessed both the presence of the above-mentioned tributary and the frequency of its hemodynamic involvement in the varicose network. RESULTS: In 15 of 218 cases (7%) we demonstrated the above-mentioned tributary with an interfascial length ranging between 5 and 12 cm involved in varicose networks. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior tributary of the saphenous vein of the anterolateral aspect of the leg is a neglected clinical entity, whose existence is important to know for the treatment of varicose veins of the lateral aspect of the leg.     

Autovenous obturation of subcutaneous veins in surgical treatment of varicose disease

753 patients were operated on varicose veins of lower limbs in the period from 1997 to 2006 years. Autovenous obturation of the shin and backfoot varicose veins was performed in all cases. Bands of great saphenous vein, extracted from the patient's hip, were used as an obturation material. 7 (0,9%) patients developed wound inflammation postoperatively. After removal of the saphenous graft, the inflammation had rapidly diminished and the wound healed by primary intention. The authors declare, that the use of varicose veins obturation with an autovenous graft during the combined phlebectomy favours a considerable improvement of direct and follow-up results of the operation.     

Randomised trial of pre-operative colour duplex marking in primary varicose vein surgery: outcome is not improved.

OBJECTIVE: the ability of colour duplex to accurately locate incompetent venous sites has been widely published; its value in pre-operative marking in simple primary varicose vein surgery is evaluated in this study. DESIGN OF STUDY: prospective randomised controlled trial. SETTING: regional vascular service, hospital patients. SUBJECTS: consecutive patients (149) undergoing primary varicose vein surgery where the only difference was one group of patients received duplex marking prior to surgery. Six weeks and 12 months post-operatively all patients had a colour duplex scan to determine the accuracy of surgery and the presence of residual/recurrent varicose veins and completed the Aberdeen, SF-36, and EuroQol quality of life questionnaires. INTERVENTIONS: varicose vein surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duplex evidence of venous incompetence, quality of life measures using the SF-36 and Aberdeen Varicose Veins Questionnaire. RESULTS: pre-operative marking of primary varicose veins by skilled duplex ultrasonography does not improve the accuracy or recurrence rate following surgery. Quality of life improved significantly following surgery in both groups, however there was no difference in this improvement between the groups. CONCLUSION: the trial has not demonstrated any additional benefit of pre-operative colour duplex marking over that of clinical and hand held Doppler marking in terms of satisfactory varicose vein surgery performance at 6 weeks or 12 months in patients with primary varicose veins of the long saphenous system. It role in the short saphenous system is less clear.     

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 is increased in the saphenofemoral junction of patients with varices in the leg

Purpose: The goal of the present study was to examine the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the development of varicose changes in the superficial veins of the lower extremity. Methods: Normal-caliber vein segments from the saphenofemoral junction were harvested from patients undergoing saphenous vein ligation for varices and from patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass graft procedures. The activity and quantity of MMPs and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs]) in the vein segments were compared. Vein segments were obtained from 13 patients. Seven patients had varicose disease in the leg, including 6 women and 1 man (average age, 48 years). Six patients had no evidence of varicose disease, including 2 women and 4 men (average age, 59 years). Proteolytic activity was determined with substrate gel zymography, and enzyme content was determined with Western immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies directed against MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and α₂-macroglobulin. Signals were quantified by scanning densitometry and normalized to a positive control (densitometric index [DI]). Immunohistochemistry was performed for enzyme localization. Results: Zymography did not detect a difference between groups at loci consistent with the major MMPs; however, a small but significant decrease in proteolytic activity was noted in veins from patients with varices. TIMP-1 is increased in vein segments from patients with varices (DI 0.8 ± 0.1 vs 0.2 ± 0.05, P < .05) while MMP-2 levels were decreased (DI 1.5 ± 0.3 vs 0.5 ± 0.1, P < .05). Immunohistochemistry localized MMPs to the adventitia of the vein wall. Conclusion: A decrease in proteolytic activity may be responsible for the histological and structural alterations leading to varicose degeneration of superficial lower extremity veins. (J Vasc Surg 1998;28:669-75.)     

Foam sclerotherapy combined with surgical treatment for recurrent varicose veins: short term results.

OBJECTIVE: To study the short term results of combined peroperative foam sclerotherapy (PFS) and surgical treatment for recurrent varicose veins. METHODS: PFS was used to treat 129 limbs with recurrent varices: 100 great saphenous (GSV), 29 small saphenous veins (SSV). Foam was prepared with 1% polidocanol mixed with 4 times its volume of air. The 100 GSVs comprised 28 trunks directly connected with the femoral vein, 28 connected to a lymph node venous network, 11 associated with perforators and 33 isolated trunks. The 29 SSVs comprised 4 trunks directly connected to the popliteal vein, 7 isolated trunks, 15 popliteal perforators and 3 recanalisations after SSV stripping. All operations included phlebectomies. In twenty limbs re-ligation of the SFJ and 4 SPJs was carried out. All were performed under local anaesthesia in an ambulatory setting. Patients were assessed clinically and by colour duplex ultrasound after 3 and 40 days follow-up. RESULTS: 120 patients (93%) showed complete obliteration of saphenous trunks, junctions and varices. The 9 incomplete obliterations were 3 venous recanalisations in the SSV compartment and 6 perforators (4 popliteal and 2 femoral). Two asymptomatic deep venous thromboses were detected by colour duplex 3 days after operation. CONCLUSION: PFS facilitates surgical treatment of recurrent varicose veins. There is a small risk of post-operative deep vein thrombosis.     

Accuracy of duplex evaluation one year after varicose vein surgery to predict recurrence at the sapheno-femoral junction after five years.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the results of duplex examination 1 year after sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) ligation might be helpful in predicting long-term results after 5 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Follow-up data concerning patients operated on for primary or recurrent varicose veins of the great saphenous vein were studied 1 year and 5 years after surgery, focusing on the thigh and groin region. Clinical examination was undertaken to detect recurrent thigh varicose veins. The site of SFJ ligation was carefully screened for any signs of neovascularisation by duplex ultrasound. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the 1-year duplex scan were calculated, based upon the outcome of a further duplex scan 5 years following surgery. RESULTS: A total of 100 limbs were studied: 50 limbs operated on for primary varicose veins and 50 limbs for recurrent varicose veins. The 1-year duplex ultrasound of the SFJ ligation site had a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 70% and a negative predictive value of 95% in assessing the 5 year recurrence rate. CONCLUSION: A postoperative duplex scan of the SFJ 1 year after varicose vein surgery to the great saphenous vein predicts which patients are most likely to have a good outcome 5 years after surgery. The 1-year duplex scan is a reliable diagnostic tool for future studies evaluating the effect of new methods of treating sapheno-femoral incompetence.     

Causes of varicose vein recurrence: late results of a randomized controlled trial of stripping the long saphenous vein

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes following stripping of the long saphenous vein during primary varicose vein surgery and to identify factors which may predict recurrence and the need for reoperation. METHODS: The original study was designed as a randomized trial of 100 patients (133 legs) who underwent saphenofemoral ligation with or without long saphenous vein stripping. After invitation 11 years later, 51 patients (74 legs) underwent clinical review and duplex imaging and completed an Aberdeen Varicose Vein Symptom Severity Score (AVVSSS). The hospital notes of the original cohort of patients were used to compile cumulative data and assess predictive factors. RESULTS: A cumulative total of 83 legs had developed clinically recurrent varicose veins by 11 years (62%). There was no statistically significant difference between the ligation-only and the stripping groups. Reoperation was required for 20 of 69 legs that underwent ligation alone compared with 7 of 64 legs that had additional long saphenous vein stripping (relative risk [RR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 5.84; P = .012). By life table analysis, freedom from reoperation at 11 years was 70% after ligation, compared with 86% after stripping ( P = .01). The presence of neovascularization (RR, 2.88; P = .15) , an incompetent superficial vessel in the thigh (RR, 3.24; P = .03) or an incompetent saphenofemoral junction on duplex imaging at 2 years postoperatively (RR, 4.89; P = .0001) increased the risk of a patient's developing clinically recurrent veins. Patients with visible recurrent varicose veins had a significantly worse AVVSSS ( P = .001). CONCLUSION: Stripping the long saphenous vein is recommended as part of routine varicose vein surgery as it reduced the risk of reoperation by 60% after 11 years, although it did not reduce the rate of visible recurrent veins.     

Ultrasound Observation of the Sciatic Nerve and its Branches at the Popliteal Fossa: Always Visible, Never Seen

BACKGROUND: In studying patients with sciatic nerve (SN) varices the author found that the sciatic nerve and its major divisions, the tibial and peroneal nerves, could be readily identified on ultrasound imaging of the popliteal fossa. The sciatic nerve lies in the space between the popliteal vein and the small saphenous vein. OBJECTIVES: To confirm that the sciatic nerve can be identified on ultrasonography in patients with venous disease as well as in normal subjects. METHOD: Thirty unselected patients (60 limbs) attending for outpatient consultations were investigated by duplex ultrasound examination of the popliteal fossa. In 10 subjects varicose veins were present, in 20 no varices were visible on clinical examination. RESULTS: The sciatic nerve and its branches where visible and easily recognised in all cases. The sciatic nerve and the small saphenous vein lay in close proximity in cases with of small saphenous vein incompetence. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound identification of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa allows assessment of its relationship with the adjacent veins. This technique may be useful in identifying the location of the nerve prior to surgical intervention for varices in the popliteal fossa as well as for endo-luminal occlusion procedures given the close proximity of the vein to the nerve. Sciatic nerve varices, tumours, extrinsic dislocation and nerve lesions may also be detected.     

腔内激光联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的评价

目的 评价腔内激光(EVLT)联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效.方法 下肢静脉曲张172例,198条下肢.按不同病因分为3组,采用EVLT 相应手术方法治疗:①A组:原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全45条患肢,行股浅静脉瓣膜包窄 EVLT 内镜下小腿内侧功能不全交通静脉离断术(SEPS);②B组:轻度原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全55条下肢,行EVLT SEPS;③C组:单纯性大隐静脉曲张,98条下肢,行EVLT.结果 随访2～44个月,平均32个月,5例有曲张静脉复发,再次行EVLT后未再复发;其余167例症状消退或明显好转,溃疡均愈合,彩超示大隐静脉全程闭合,深静脉通畅.结论 EVLT具有微创、安全、易于操作的特点,联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的效果满意.     

保留大隐静脉膝上主干行静脉曲张手术可行性分析

目的探讨在大隐静脉曲张手术中保留膝上主干的可行性。 方法选取2013年8月至2014年10月于本院进行治疗的60例大隐静脉曲张患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各30例。对试验组临床不同分期的大隐静脉曲张患者行保留膝上主干的剥脱术,对照组行传统大隐静脉高位结扎+剥脱术方式。随访观察两组试验对象的预后情况。 结果试验组在疼痛评分、手术时间、出血量、住院时间、血肿例数等指标上显著优于对照组（t=3.268、4.325、5.670、5.931、χ²=3.547,P<0.01）,而深静脉血栓、静脉炎、复发率、血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）、白细胞介素1（IL-1）水平两组对比差异无统计学意义。保留后的大隐静脉主干除腔内血流速度较术前减慢外（t=10.87,P<0.01）,其管径、通畅度、隐股瓣膜功能、并发血栓等对比差异无统计学意义。 结论相对于传统手术方式,保留大隐静脉膝上主干手术并未增加术后并发症发生率,由于其保留了大隐静脉主干,为大隐静脉曲张手术方式的多样性提供理论依据,为保留自身血管材料防治血管疾病,行血管库储备可行性提供了数据支持。