急性心肌梗死QT离散度的临床意义探讨

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)QT离散度(QTd)的变化与心律失常的关系以及有效的溶栓治疗对QTd的影响。方法AMI病人42例与正常健康者50例进行对比,所有对象测量12导联心电图不同导联最长与最短的QT间期QTmax和QTmin,QTd=QTmax-QTmin,根据Bazett’s公式,校正QT间期QTc=QT/RR,校正QT离散度(QTcd)=QTcmax-QTcmin。结果AMI病人QTd、QTcd分别为(68.7±16.3)、(74.8±20.1)ms,对照组QTd(32.3±11.4)ms、QTcd(36.4±13.3)ms,P<0.01,有心律失常组QTd(70.4±19.5)ms、QTcd(79.4±22.5)ms,无心律失常组QTd(54.4±16.3)ms、QTcd(63.2±20.1)ms,P<0.01。溶栓有效者与无效者比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。结论有效的溶栓治疗可使QTd明显减小,减少危险性心律失常的发生,降低AMI患者病死率。QTd对预测AMI患者溶栓疗效以及早期危险性心律失常和预后具有重要价值。     

急性心肌梗死QT离散度的临床意义探讨

目的 观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)QT离散度(QTd)的变化与心律失常的关系以及有效的溶栓治疗对QTd的影响.方法 AMI病人42例与正常健康者50例进行对比,所有对象测量12导联心电图不同导联最长与最短的QT间期Qtmax和Qtmin,QTd=Qtmax-Qtmin,根据Bazett's公式,校正QT间期QTc=QT/(√RR),校正QT离散度(QTcd)=Qtcmax-Qtcmin.结果 AMI病人QTd、QTcd分别为(68.7±16.3)、(74.8±20.1)ms,对照组QTd(32.3±11.4)ms、QTcd(36.4±13.3)ms,P＜0.01,有心律失常组QTd(70.4±19.5)ms、QTcd (79.4±22.5)ms,无心律失常组QTd(54.4±16.3)ms、QTcd(63.2±20.1)ms,P＜0.01.溶栓有效者与无效者比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05,表1).结论 有效的溶栓治疗可使QTd明显减小,减少危险性心律失常的发生,降低AMI患者病死率.QTd对预测AMI患者溶栓疗效以及早期危险性心律失常和预后具有重要价值.     

倍他乐克对心绞痛患者QT间期离散度的影响

目的研究倍他乐克对冠心病劳力型心绞痛患者QT间期离散度(QTd)的影响。方法按照前瞻性研究设计,对162例入选患者进行随机、单盲试验研究,入选患者在治疗前做12导联同步心电图检查,测量心率、最大和最小QT间期,计算QTd、心率校正后QT间期离散度和QT间期离散度比,在治疗4周后重复上述心电图检查;治疗组服用倍他乐克50～100 mg/d,对照组服用安慰剂治疗,比较2组前后的QTd变化,用t检验进行统计学处理。结果倍他乐克可以明显缩短劳力性心绞痛患者的QTd和心率校正后QTd(QTcd),降低QT间期离散度比。比较两组治疗4周后的QTd、QTcd和QTd ratio数值,两组差异有统计学意义,QTd、QTcd和QT间期离散度比分别为(44.5±17.3)ms比(63.8±15.6)ms,P<0.01,(45.7±15.3)ms比(64.9±16.3)ms,P<0.01和4.94%±2.1%比8.08%±1.5%,P<0.001。结论倍他乐克在改善心肌缺血的同时可以明显的缩短QTd,降低QT间期离散度比;QT间期离散度比对预测冠心病患者发生恶性心律失常和猝死比QTd具有更重要的预后价值。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病的心电图特征和临床观察

目的观察致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)的心电图特征及临床特点。方法选取我院2012年5月~2015年2月收治的致心律失常右室心肌病患者50例。全部患者窦性心律下常规同步12导联心电图扫描,放大全部图像结果,测量心电图参数,将精确度升高到1 ms。结果出现Epsilon波4例(28.0%),V1~V3导联QRS平均时限为(121±20)ms,其中41例(82%)患者110 ms;V4~V6导联QRS平均时限为(104±21)ms;QRSd1/QRSd2=1.15。出现T波倒置27例,S波升支时间≥55 ms 21例,室壁阻滞22例,持续性或是非持续性心动过速29例。结论 ARVC多见于青年男性,多数ARVC患者会出现Epsilon波异常、V1~V3导联QRS时限110 ms、T波倒置、QRSd1/QRSd21.2、室壁阻滞、S波升支时间延长等,在诊断时应结合患者个人情况、家庭情况、临床症状等进行综合判定。     

静脉溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QT间期离散度及室性心律失常的影响

目的　研究静脉溶栓心肌再灌注治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者QT间期离散度(QTd)与校正的QT间期离散度 (QTcd)及室性心律失常 (VA)恶性程度的影响。方法　分别于入院时及溶栓治疗后 4周记录 15例溶栓成功及 17例溶栓未成功患者常规 12导联心电图 ,计算QTd及QTcd ,并行心电监测 ,记录住院期间发生的VA。结果　再通组 (15例 ) 4周后QTd与QTcd[(5 2 .9± 10 .4)ms、(5 8.7± 12 .3 )ms]与溶栓前QTd与QTcd比较 [(69.7± 15 .5 )ms ,(80 .5± 2 7.0 )ms]显著减小 (P <0 .0 5 )。 4周后再通组较溶栓失败冠脉未通组 (17例 )QTd与QTcd[(63 .7±15 .5 )ms ,(72 .3± 2 5 .4)ms]显著减小 (P <0 .0 5 )。再通组VA恶性程度与未通组比较有显著降低 ,死亡率亦降低。结论　早期静脉溶栓成功心肌再灌注治疗可以显著减小心肌梗死患者的QT间期离散度 ,并降低室性心律失常的恶性程度     

贵阳地区5280例心电图Q-T离散度正常参考值

目的为研究正常人12导联同步心电图QT间期离散度(QTd)的平均值。方法采用美国产MarquittMAC1200型12导联同步心电图自动分析记录仪对5280例正常国人进行检测,并根据性别及年龄分组,将自动测量所得数据输入计算机进行统计学处理。结果5280例男女QTd平均值为(43.43±18.41)ms,QTcd平均值为(48.31±22.45)ms;男组性QTd(43.43±19.32)ms,QTcd(48.20±23.72)ms,女性组QTd(43.35±14.24)ms,QTcd(48.76±16.42)ms,两组比较均无显著差异。各年龄组之间的QTd与QTcd亦无显著差异;男女各组之不同年龄组的QTd均<50ms,QTcd<55ms。结论正常国人QTd平均值<50ms,QTcd<55ms,其与性别和年龄无明显关系。     

QTd与冠心病冠脉病变支数关系的临床意义

目的:分析QT离散度(QTd)与冠心病冠脉病变支数关系的临床意义。方法:对79例经选择性冠状动脉造影检查明确诊断为冠心病患者,取入院时首次常规12导联心电图,测量QTd及校正QT离散度(QTcd)。全部病例按主要冠脉病变支数分为A、B、C三组。A组为单支病变(n=30),B组为双支病变(n=27),C组为三支病变(n=26),比较各组QTd和QTcd。结果:三组QTd和QTcd分别为A组55.2ms±10.2ms和57.0ms±11.3ms,B组为59.1ms±10.5ms和62.4ms±12.9ms,C组为67.1ms±9.8ms和69.9ms±10.6ms。三组比较均有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:冠心病患者随着冠脉病变支数增多,心肌缺血缺氧增加,灌注减少,心肌电不稳定性增加,病变血管对应导联QT间期相对延长,QTd增大。QTd和冠脉病变支数成正相关。QTd可作为判断冠心病严重程度的一项临床心电学指标。     

QT离散度不能反映心肌复极的区域性差异

目的　探讨体表心电图上QT离散度 (QTd)是否可以反映区域性的心肌复极差异。方法　正常对照 (对照 )组和心肌梗死 (心梗 )组各有 12 0例 ,记录同步 12导联心电图 ,人工测量各导联QT间期 ,计算QTd。结果　与对照组相比 ,心梗组QTd明显增加 ,分别为 (5 6 3± 17 8)ms与 (10 0 9±5 4 3)ms,P <0 0 0 1;但两组之间存在很大交叉 ,无法确立参考值。最长QT和最短QT在两组的导联分布呈现一致趋势。心梗组全部 12导联QT间期均较对照组明显延长 ,平均QT间期分别为 (397 0± 4 6 8)ms与 (36 7 3± 2 2 8)ms ,P <0 0 0 1。不同梗死部位各亚组之间心电图各导联QT间期均值差异无显著性(P =0 6 36 ) ,未见到与梗死部位相关的区域性QT间期改变。结论　QTd增大常与QT间期延长同时出现 ,QTd增大从整体上反映了心肌复极异常 ,但是不能代表心肌复极的区域性差异。     

冠状动脉内支架置入术对有与无心肌梗死史患者QT离散度影响的比较

探讨和比较冠心病患者经过成功冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 )内支架置入术对有与无心肌梗死史的病人QT离散度(QTd)影响的程度 ,选择术前QTd≥ 60ms者 1 0 0例 ,根据有无心肌梗死病史分为两组 ,其中无心肌梗死组 62例 ,心肌梗死组 38例 ,于术前、后 72h分别做 1 2导联同步心电图进行测量QTd和计算校正QTd(QTcd)。在无心肌梗死组中 ,支架置入术后 ,QTd、QTcd明显缩短 (分别为 51± 1 9vs 72± 34ms,54± 2 4vs 81± 37ms;P <0 .0 5) ;而在心肌梗死史组中 ,术后QTd、QTcd上无显著变化 (分别为 70± 2 6vs74± 30ms ,80± 30vs82± 32ms;P >0 .0 5)。结论 :冠脉内支架置入术显著缩短无心肌梗死史冠心病患者的QTd和QTcd ,而对有心肌梗死冠心病患者的QTd和QTcd无影响     

QT离散度与高血压合并Ⅱ型糖尿病的关系探讨

目的　探讨QT离散度 (QTd)与高血压 (EH)合并Ⅱ型糖尿病 (NIDDM)的关系。方法　测量 5 2例EH合并NIDDM(A组 )和 5 2例EH无并发症患者 (B组 )以及 5 0例正常人 (C组 )的同步 12导联心电图及其最大Q -T间期 (QTmax) ,最小Q -T间期 (QTmin) ,QTd =QTmax -QTmin。用Bazett公式计算校正的QTd(QTcd) ,进行比较分析。结果　QTd、QTcd :A组分别为 (5 5 8± 13 2 )ms和 (63 8± 13 6)ms;B组分别为 (40 6± 8 4)ms和 (46 1± 10 0 )ms;C组分别为 (40 0± 9 7)ms和 (44 1± 10 9)ms。A组与B组、A组与C组比较有非常显著的统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　QTd、QTcd与高血压合并Ⅱ型糖尿病密切相关 ,可作为预测其心血管受损程度的敏感指标     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.