Early treatment of acute necrotico-hemorrhagic pancreatitis: percutaneous peritoneal dialysis. Preliminary data

Early peritoneal dialysis is proposed for the early treatment of acute necrotic haemorrhagic pancreatitis on the basis of experimental and clinical studies. The results obtained in 53 cases so treated in the past 8 years are reported.     

生长抑素在胆源性胰腺炎中应用疗效的进一步探讨

目的：探讨生长抑素施他宁在胆源性急性胰腺炎中的治疗作用。方法：将126例胆源性胰腺炎患者随机分为二组，治疗组62例，对照组64例，治疗组用施他宁治疗7－10d，观察并发症发生、住院时间和死亡率。结果：两组在年龄、性别、病因及疾病严重程度上无差别。与对照组相比，治疗组并发症发生率较低。住院时间明显缩短，P＜0．05；治疗组死亡8例，对照组有死亡10例。结论：生长抑素施他宁治疗胆源性重症急性胰腺炎有效，可减缓病情发展，缩短住院时间，改善预后。     

Experimental acute necrotico-hemorrhagic pancreatitis in dogs. Treatment by intraductal block

The aim of this experimental study was to demonstrate that the mortality of calcium chlorine induced acute pancreatitis in the dog was decreased by the intraductal injection of solid substances. Seventy-two dogs were used. In the control group (n = 5) the mortality was 100%. Three different drugs were used for the intraductal injection: Ethibloc (n = 37), Tissucol (n = 10) and silicones (n = 10). The mortality rate has been respectively of 13.5, 10 and 10%. In order to define at which level of the pancreatic duct the obstruction had a maximum efficiency, 10 dogs underwent a distal ligation of the pancreatic duct after induction of the pancreatitis. The mortality rate in this group was 100%. It can be therefore concluded that only the complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct decreases the mortality rate in this experimental model.     

Microcirculatory effects of somatostatin in acute pancreatitis

Somatostatin, a 28-amino-acid inhibitory polypeptide has been advocated for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and acute pancreatitis. This study examines the effect of somatostatin in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in piglets (n = 12), weighing 8-12 kg. Six animals served as controls, and received only fluid resuscitation (0.9%, NaCl, 20 ml/kg/h). Six animals received somatostatin treatment consisting of a 15 micrograms/kg bolus i.v. given simultaneously with the induction of pancreatitis, and treatment continued with an intravenous infusion (15 micrograms/kg/h) for 5 h. Cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure, arterial pO2, hematocrit and serum amylase were recorded before and each hour during the experiment. Regional blood flow in the gastrointestinal area was measured using the microsphere method. The microspheres labelled with three different isotopes were administered before the experiment and at 2 and 5 h, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the cardiac output (p less than 0.05) and an increase in systemic blood pressure in the somatostatin-treated group (p less than 0.025). Pancreatic blood flow decreased by 43% following somatostatin infusion. The decreases at 2 and 5 h were highly significant (p less than 0.005). Blood flow to the mucosal but not muscular region of the stomach was decreased by somatostatin. This study suggests that somatostatin might be harmful in acute pancreatitis due to its adverse effects on pancreatic blood flow and cardiac output. However, somatostatin may be effective in reducing gastrointestinal bleeding. If the drug is used clinically, careful monitoring of the cardiac output is necessary.     

生长抑素和生长激素联合应用治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨生长抑素和生长激素联合应用治疗重症急性胰腺炎（ＳＡＰ）的疗法。方法 对３２例ＳＡＰ，随机分为生长抑素治疗组（ｎ＝１１），生长激素和生长抑素联合应用治疗组（ｎ＝１０）以及对照组（ｎ＝１１）。观察各组治疗后血清ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα的变化，住院日数，并发症和死亡率。结果 生长 抑素和生长激素联合组能冯少并发症，降低死亡率，缩短住院日数，抑制ＳＡＰ病人的炎性细胞因子高表达，促进白蛋白合成     

Current approach to the treatment of acute pancreatitis with reference to the use of somatostatin

A series of 172 cases of acute pancreatitis encountered between 1-1-79 and 30-4-88, including 57 treated with somatostatin is presented. A comparison between the latter and the other cases treated with a variety of drugs (aprotinin, cimetidine, ranitidine) led to the following conclusions: 1) somatostatin significantly improves the clinical course of acute oedematous pancreatitis with circumscribed necrosis; 2) it makes no difference to the development of cases with diffuse necrosis and haemorrhage.     

非手术治疗暴发性急性胰腺炎1例报告

笔者对 1例暴发性急性胰腺炎患者通过采取血液滤过以及机械通气维持重要脏器的功能 ;通过介入超声方法 ,早期进行腹腔灌洗和引流以减少毒素吸收 ,感染期进行胰腺周围积液、积脓引流和冲洗以控制感染 ;通过消化内镜技术 ,进行早期肠内营养支持以及鼻胆管引流等综合措施 ,使患者肺肝肾功能得以恢复 ;胰周感染得到有效控制 ;胆道狭窄解除 ,经 1 52d治疗后痊愈出院。提示早期血液净化、多脏器功能维护、肠内外营养支持以及感染控制是治疗暴发性急性胰腺炎的重要措施 ,而介入超声治疗的成功应用为非手术治疗暴发性急性胰腺炎提供了经验     

Efficacy of somatostatin and its analogues in the treatment of acute pancreatitis: clinical retrospective study

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas, with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems. Acute pancreatitis is mild in 80% of cases; virtually all patients with this form of disease will survive, because it's associated with minimal organ dysfunction and uneventful recovery; the severe pancreatitis develops in 20% of cases and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. It's most important to identify the severity of disease at the moment of hospital admission; many scoring systems have been developed to serve as early prognostic signs: Ranson's criteria, Imrie's criteria, Apache II score, Balthazar's TC score. Recently, new drugs have been proposed in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, as, for example, calcitonine, glucagon, systemic antioxidants, antagonists of the receptors of interleukines, antiproteases (aprotinin and gabexate-mesilate) and the inhibitors of pancreatic secretions (somatostatin and its analogues). However, many controversies still exist concerning the real efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, particularly regarding the inhibitors of pancreatic secretions: recently, some studies showed that somatostatin is able to actually reduce the local complication of the disease and the development of severe forms of acute pancreatitis; on the other hand, other studies failed to show real advantages of somatostatin reducing morbidity and mortality for pancreatitis. The aim of present study is a retrospective analysis of patients affected by acute pancreatitis in order to evaluate efficacy of somatostatin and its analogues. All patients subdivided in two groups: group A, patients treated with conventional therapy plus somatostatin and/or octreotide (SS/LS), and group B, patients treated only with conventional therapy. Results seem to show that somatostatin does not positively affect morbidity and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. The Authors conclude that, at present; somatostatin cannot be considered surely effective in preventing complications and mortality in acute pancreatitis. Further studies are still necessary to verify the effectiveness of somatostatin and its analogues in the therapy of acute pancreatitis.     

重症急性胰腺炎35例治疗体会

目的　探讨重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 1 996年～ 2 0 0 1年35例SAP患者的治疗经验。结果　 35例中治愈 30例 ,死亡 5例。非手术治疗 2 8例 ,其中 2例 1周内死于早期休克 ,1例 2周后死于继发性感染 ;手术治疗 7例 ,2例死于术后并发症。结论　早期非手术方法可以治愈大多数SAP。明确的胆道梗阻或并发急腹症、胰腺组织坏死继发严重感染时应行手术治疗 ,手术方式以简单易行、保证充分引流及解除胆道梗阻为目的     

重症急性胰腺炎的综合治疗体会:附60例报告

为总结重症急性胰腺炎的综合治疗经验，笔者回顾分析了1988年5月—2002年9月收治的60例重症急性胰腺炎的临床资料。对60例SAP治疗依照“个体比方案”的原则，根据不同病因和病期而采取不同的综合治疗措施，非手术治疗35例，手术治疗25例，死亡8例(13．3％)，治愈52例(86．7％)，随诊52例，随访时间最长为10年，最短为0．5年，平均5．25年，均未发现复发。笔者认为，依照“个体化方案”的原则，并根据不同的病因、病期而合理采用不同的综合治疗措施，可提高SAP的治愈效果，降低病死率。     

Does somatostatin analogue prevent experimental acute pancreatitis?

Because somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic secretion, we hypothesized that pretreatment with somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS 201-995) might prevent cerulein-induced edematous pancreatitis. We studied 18 rats prepared with jugular vein catheters. The following agents were administered intravenously to groups of four rats for 6 hours: 1 mL/h (control) crystalloid solution; 1-microgram/kg bolus then 1 microgram/kg per hour of octreotide; and 5 micrograms/kg per hour of cerulein; also, in a fourth group of six rats, octreotide and cerulein were administered simultaneously. At the end of experiments, blood was drawn for plasma amylase determinations; rats were killed and pancreata were examined. Supramaximal cerulein administration to conscious rats induced hyperamylasemia and edematous pancreatitis, confirming previous observations; in both groups of rats receiving cerulein, there was prominent interstitial edema, acinar vacuolization, and mild-to-moderate acute inflammation. While octreotide pretreatment of rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis was associated with a lesser increase of wet pancreas weight and plasma amylase concentration, there was little overall benefit of octreotide pretreatment in this form of experimental acute pancreatitis.     

急性胆源性胰腺炎112例诊治分析

目的：探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）的诊断和外科治疗原则。方法：对我院2004年7月—2009年6月收治的112例ABP患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组患者全部治愈。LC无中转开腹,其中延期和择期手术的患者,选择性使用内镜介入治疗,效果优于单纯保守治疗。结论：胆管梗阻引起胰液排出障碍是ABP发病的重要原因,及时解除胆管梗阻是治疗的关键。保守治疗联合以微创为主的外科治疗是简单有效的方法。     

生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的　探讨生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎的临床效果。方法　应用人工合成的生长抑素类似物———奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎患者 38例 ,结果与 5 9例非奥曲肽治疗组对照。观察了两组以及奥曲肽治疗前后血清淀粉酶及腹腔液淀粉酶的含量 ,比较两组并发症的发生率。结果　奥曲肽治疗组中 ,17例急性水肿性胰腺炎 (AEP)患者、2 1例急性坏死性胰腺炎 (ANP)患者血清淀粉酶及 19例ANP患者腹腔液淀粉酶含量在治疗前分别为 :(932± 6 7)IU/L、(12 47± 43)IU/L、(988± 47)IU/L ;治疗后 48h分别为 (2 74± 5 7)IU/L、(432± 37)IU/L、(176± 32 )IU/L ,治疗前后差异均有显著意义 (P均 <0 0 5 )。奥曲肽治疗组中 2 1例ANP患者发生并发症 18例次 ,非奥曲肽治疗组 2 6例ANP患者发生并发症 38例次。结论　奥曲肽能有效降低血清淀粉酶和腹腔液淀粉酶的活性 ,改善临床症状 ,降低并发症的发生率。