GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在经口气管插管应用中的对比研究

目的:比较GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在经口气管插管应用中的优缺点.方法:对20例择期妇科或普外科病人,予术前行常规气管插管困难程度评估.全麻诱导后先后采用Macintosh直接喉镜和GlideScope视频喉镜行喉部显露,评估声门的Cormack分级,再行气管插管.结果:采用GlideScope视频喉镜后20例病人均在显示器上清晰显示声门,Cormack分级:Ⅰ级为18例,Ⅱ级为2例;采用Macintosh直接喉镜组Cormack分级Ⅰ级为6例,Ⅱ级为12例,Ⅲ级为2例.与Macintosh直接喉镜组比较,GlideScope视频喉镜组的Cormack分级显著低(P＜0.01),Cormack分级Ⅰ级显露率(90%vs 30%)显著高(P＜0.01).GlideScope视频喉镜组和Macintosh直接喉镜组显露声门的时间分别为(25±14)s和(27±19)s,组间比较无显著意义.GlideScope视频喉镜组经口气管插管成功率为100%,但各有1例病人分别重复插管2次和3次才取得成功,原因为气管导管置入口腔变形,无法将气管导管对准声门.结论:GlideScope视频喉镜用于临床经口气管插管具有操作简单、改善Cormack分级、声门显露清晰等优点,但气管导管通过口咽拐角处困难是其缺点.     

GlideScope(R)视频喉镜在颈椎手术中的应用

目的 探讨GlideScope(R)视频喉镜在颈椎手术患者经鼻气管插管中的应用效果和安全性.方法 63例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的颈椎损伤患者拟全麻下颈椎内固定术.所有患者均固定头位.常规麻醉诱导后,于GlideScope(R)视频喉镜明视下经鼻气管插管.评估喉部暴露分级;监测并比较麻醉诱导前后及插管前后的血流动力学变化.结果 喉部暴露均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级(Cormack-Lehane分级法),插管成功率100%.与麻醉诱导前比较,插管时的血流动力学指标无明显变化.结论 对于颈椎损伤接受全麻下颈椎内固定术的患者,应用GlideScope(R)视频喉镜经鼻插管效果满意且不良反应轻微.     

GlideScope(R)视频喉镜在颈椎手术中的应用

目的 探讨GlideScope(R)视频喉镜在颈椎手术患者经鼻气管插管中的应用效果和安全性.方法 63例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的颈椎损伤患者拟全麻下颈椎内固定术.所有患者均固定头位.常规麻醉诱导后,于GlideScope(R)视频喉镜明视下经鼻气管插管.评估喉部暴露分级;监测并比较麻醉诱导前后及插管前后的血流动力学变化.结果 喉部暴露均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级(Cormack-Lehane分级法),插管成功率100%.与麻醉诱导前比较,插管时的血流动力学指标无明显变化.结论 对于颈椎损伤接受全麻下颈椎内固定术的患者,应用GlideScope(R)视频喉镜经鼻插管效果满意且不良反应轻微.     

GlideScope视频喉镜下经鼻与经口气管插管在困难气道患者中的比较

 目的 比较在困难气道中使用GlideScope视频喉镜(GlideScope videolaryngoscope,GVL)经口与经鼻气管插管的效果。方法 60例行择期神经外科手术的患者随机均分为GVL经口气管插管组和GVL经鼻气管插管组。麻醉诱导后,所有患者均采用硬质费城颈托固定颈部,模拟困难气道。比较两种方法的气管插管时间、困难插管评分、总的插管成功率、试插的次数及插管并发症。结果 与经口气管插管比较,GVL经鼻气管插管的时间较短(49 s vs. 38 s,P<0.01),且插管难度降低。但两组总的插管成功率及试插次数相似。两组均无误入食管以及缺氧情况发生,但经鼻气管插管组的鼻出血发生率较高(28% vs. 7%,P=0.042)。结论 在困难气道中,GVL经鼻气管插管较GVL经口气管插管快速、容易,但经鼻插管的鼻出血发生率较高。     

GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在颈椎制动患者气管插管中的比较

 目的 比较GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在颈椎制动患者气管插管中的难易,及两种工具插管对血液动力学的影响。方法 拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下行择期手术的患者60例,ASAⅠ级,年龄18～60岁,随机分为G组和M组（n=30）。常规麻醉诱导后,手法制动头颈部,G组采用GlideScope视频喉镜,M组用Macintosh直接喉镜行气管插管。分析比较两组声门暴露情况（Cormark-Lehane分级）以及暴露时间,试插次数,失败例数,有无助手辅助,插管前后心率与收缩压乘积（rate-pressure product,,RPP）变化。结果 与M组比较,G组声门暴露情况较好,但暴露时间显著延长（P＜0.05）。M组需要助手辅助及插管失败的比例均高于G组。两组RPP的变化在各个时点无显著差别。结论 在为颈椎制动患者气管插管中,GlideScope视频喉镜能够更好的显露声门,降低插管难度,提高插管的成功率。     

GlideScope视频喉镜在颈椎手术中的应用

目的探讨GlideScope视频喉镜在颈椎手术患者经鼻气管插管中的应用效果和安全性。方法63例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级的颈椎损伤患者拟全麻下颈椎内固定术。所有患者均固定头位。常规麻醉诱导后,于GlideScope视频喉镜明视下经鼻气管插管。评估喉部暴露分级;监测并比较麻醉诱导前后及插管前后的血流动力学变化。结果喉部暴露均为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级（Cormack-Lehane分级法）,插管成功率100%。与麻醉诱导前比较,插管时的血流动力学指标无明显变化。结论对于颈椎损伤接受全麻下颈椎内固定术的患者,应用GlideScope视频喉镜经鼻插管效果满意且不良反应轻微。     

GlideScope视频喉镜不能减轻经口气管插管的心血管反应

目的：通过与Macintosh直接喉镜相比较．评价GlideScope视频喉镜是否能够减轻经口气管插管的心血管反应。方法：选择60例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级、年龄18—60岁和拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下施择期整形外科手术的患者，随机分为GlideScope视频喉镜组（GSVL组，3嘲）和Macintosh直接喉镜组（MDLS组，30例）。麻醉诱导后分别采用GlideScope视频喉镜或Macintosh直接喉镜实施经口气管插管操作，观察麻醉诱导前、后，气管插管时和气管插管后5min内的血压、心率（HR）和二重指数（RPP）的变化，并记录气管插管时间。结果：GSVL组的气管插管时间显著长于MDLS组。麻醉诱导后，两组的血压和RPP均较麻醉诱导前基础值显著降低。与麻醉诱导后值相比，气管插管引起两组的血压、HR和RPP显著升高。除了GSVL组观察期的DBP最大值之外，气管插管在两组引起的血压升高均未显著超过基础值。与基础值相比，GSVL组气管插管时的14R和RPP显著升高，并且HR增快持续了4min；虽然MDLS组气管插管时的HR亦显著高于基础值。但是HR增快仅持续了1min。两组在所有观察时间点的心血管指标均无显著差异。结论：采用GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜实施经口气管插管可引起类似的心血管反应。GlideScope喉镜在减轻经口气管插管心血管反应方面并不优于Macintosh直接喉镜。     

HPHJ-A视频喉镜与Macintosh喉镜的临床应用效果对比研究

目的对比观察HPHJ-A视频喉镜与Macintosh喉镜的临床插管应用效果,分析各自的优缺点。方法选择100例拟行气管插管全麻的患者,随机均分为2组,分别应用HPHJ-A视频喉镜和Macintosh喉镜进行声门暴露,插管。观察并记录使用两种喉镜暴露患者声门的Cormack-Lehane分级,插管前后患者血流动力学变化,插管时间及插管尝试次数。结果 HPHJ-A视频喉镜暴露声门的Cormack-Lehane分级结果明显优于Macintosh喉镜,两组患者的血流动力学变化、插管时间及插管尝试次数没有显著差异。以患者是否存在困难插管进行亚组处理,Cormack-Lehane分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者使用HPHJ-A视频喉镜的血流动力学影响更小(P<0.05),插管时间和插管尝试次数更少(P<0.05)。结论 HPHJ-A视频喉镜与Macintosh喉镜相比可以明显改善声门的暴露状况,尤其对困难气道患者的麻醉管理具有一定的优势。     

TruviewTM EVO2光学喉镜和GlideScope视频喉镜显露喉部结构的比较

目的:比较TruviewTM EVO2光学喉镜与GlideScope视频喉镜在经口气管插管中显露喉部结构的效果,探讨该光学喉镜在全麻气管插管中的应用价值.方法:经13气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期手术的ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级成人患者200例.麻醉前记录入选患者一般情况和气道评估指标(Mallampati舌咽结构分级、甲颏间距、张口度).全麻诱导后随机应用光学喉镜或视频喉镜先后显露喉部结构并记录Cormack-Lehane喉部结构显露分级(C/L分级),用后一种喉镜进行气管插管.观察指标包括术前患者一般情况及气道评估指标,C/L分级,口咽部损伤,术后咽痛、声音嘶哑等并发症.结果:200例患者中男107例,女93例,平均年龄(52±13)岁,身高(164.8 11.3)cm,体质量(64.05±11.5)kg,甲颏间距(6.9±1.1)cm,张口度(3.7±0.5)cm.两种喉镜C/L分级均与Mallampati舌咽结构分级具有相关性(P＜0.01),Mallampati分级越高,C/L分级越高.200例患者中,视频喉镜C/L分级百分比分别为:Ⅰ级71.0%、Ⅱ级28.5%、Ⅱ级0.5%;而光学喉镜为:Ⅰ级78.5%、Ⅱ级21.0%、Ⅲ级0.5%.所有患者未记录到明显13咽部损伤和术后咽痛及声音嘶哑.结论:TruviewTM EVO2光学喉镜对喉部结构显露C/L分级优于GlideScope视频喉镜,可安全用于临床气管插管时喉部结构的显露.     

Disposcope内窥镜与McGrath视频喉镜在困难气道中的联合应用

目的：评估Disposcope内窥镜与McGrath视频喉镜联合应用于困难气道的可行性。方法：选取我院术前评估符合困难气道诊断标准拟行气管插管全麻且全麻诱导后喉显露Cormack-Lehane分级的Wilson修正分级（ W-C-L分级）在3级及以上的80例患者,将W-C-L分级相同的患者配成对子,按随机方法均分到Disposcope内窥镜联合McGrath视频喉镜组（ D组）和Macintosh喉镜组（ M组）。在麻醉条件基本一致的情况下观察两组患者的气管插管时间、首次插管成功率、插管次数、气管插管即时并发症、改用其它插管方法或使用喉罩的情况、喉显露分级。结果：D组插管时间更短、首次插管成功率更高、插管次数更少、咽部出血更少,改用其它插管方法或使用喉罩的比率更低,喉显露的分级更低。结论：困难气道时合用Disposcope内窥镜与McGrath视频喉镜可以解决大多数患者的气道建立问题,是一种安全、快速、有效的困难气道解决途径,值得在临床推广使用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.