胃癌侵犯胰腺60例诊疗分析

目的　探讨胃癌侵犯胰腺的手术治疗价值。方法　对 3 90例胃癌术前行电子胃镜 ,上腹B超 ,螺旋CT扫描 ,所有病例均接受外科手术 ,术中及术后病理证实胃癌侵犯胰腺 60例。术中行联合胰腺切除的胃癌根治术 3 3例 ,非根治术 2 7例。结果　CT扫描和B超提示侵犯胰腺术前诊断率分别为 72 .41%和 3 8.3 3 %。联合胰腺切除的根治手术和非根治术两组的生存期差异有显著性 ( P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CT扫描和上腹部超声对胃癌侵犯胰腺诊断有较大帮助。联合胰腺切除的胃癌根治术可延长部分病例生存期。胰腺受侵犯未作胰腺部分切除者效果差。     

联合内镜超声与腹腔镜超声作为胰腺肿瘤的术前评估

胰腺肿瘤可切除性的术前精确评估可以减少无效的外科手术探查。该研究主要目的是了解联合内镜超声与腹腔镜超声检查在术前评估胰腺肿瘤能否手术根治（R0切除）的价值。2002年1月到2004年2月丹麦Odense大学医院外科共收治179例胰腺肿瘤病人，经CT和腹部B超初查筛选，其中31例（17％）由于病情严重和身体状况差而被排除，2例（1％）由于术前CT扫描发现转移而被排除。对146例进行研究，首先进行内镜超声检查，如果内镜超声检查认为肿瘤能切除，再行腹腔镜超声检查。     

胃癌侵及胰腺的外科治疗

目的：探讨胃癌侵及胰腺外科治疗的手术适应证和术式选择。方法：回顾性分析我院1984年6月至2001年6月对58例胃癌怀疑侵及胰腺的患进行手术治疗的临床资料。结果：扩大根治切除组（联合胰腺切除）36例，经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润24例（66．7％），淋巴结转移30例（83．3％），姑息切除组22例，术后并发症发生率15．5％，其中扩大根治切除组为16．7％，姑息切除组为13．6％，两差异无显性意义（P＞0．05），两组无手术死亡，随访48例，术后1、3、5年生存率扩大根治切除组分别为75．0％，38．9％，19．4％，姑息切除组分别为22．7％，9．1％，4．5％，扩大根治切除组术后1、3年生存率明显高于姑息切除组（P＜0．005），结论：对胃癌侵及胰腺的患，扩大根治切除可提高1、3年生存率，但选择适应证甚为重要。     

胃癌根治手术联合脾脏切除远期疗效分析

目的探讨胃癌根治手术联合脾脏切除对胃癌患者预后的影响。方法1994年6月至2004年3月完成胃癌手术692例,其中在胃癌D2、D3手术基础上联合脾脏切除45例,选择同时期完成的具有可比性的仅行胃癌根治手术的343例病例进行分析,比较淋巴结转移的临床病理学因素、淋巴结转移率、切除脾脏后5年生存率。结果胃癌联合脾脏切除No10淋巴结转移率为15．6％,其中上1／3（U）区为11．5％,中1／3（M）区为33．3％,下1／3（L）区为0％。近端胃癌和胃体部癌、低分化及未分化腺癌、BorrmannⅢ、Ⅳ型、肿瘤浸润深度在T3、T4以及Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌与远端胃癌、高中分化腺癌、Borrmann Ⅰ、Ⅱ型、肿瘤浸润深达度在T1、T2以及Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌比较,其淋巴结转移率的差异有统计学意义。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌切除脾脏后平均生存时间和中位生存时间与单纯胃癌根治手术组比较降低并有统计学意义差异,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌切除脾脏以后平均生存时间和中位生存时间与单纯胃癌根治手术组比较差异无统计学意义。结论Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者不应联合脾脏切除,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌联合切除脾脏也未能提高术后生存率,胃癌直接侵犯胰腺体尾部,脾门淋巴结明显肿大转移者,才有脾切除的指征。联合脾脏切除的手术适应证需进一步研究。     

胃癌胰体尾侵犯的发病因素和临床结局分析

目的探讨胃癌病人胰体尾侵犯的相关临床病理因素和手术干预的临床结局。方法回顾性分析1994年8月至2006年3月间中山大学附属第一医院胃癌数据库资料中病人的临床病理资料和随访结果。结果870例胃癌病人中有73例发生胰体尾侵犯。BorrmannⅣ型、肿瘤穿透浆膜、离胃〉3cm淋巴结转移、腹膜扩散与胃癌胰体尾侵犯相关（P〈0．05）。联合胰体尾切除根治术后，较严重的并发症发生率为2．3％（1／44），围手术期内无病人死亡。联合胰体尾切除根治术组病人1、3、5年存活率分别为63％、24％和19％，其1年内各时点存活率总体上高于胃癌姑息性切除组和姑息性手术组（P〈0．05）。结论联合胰体尾切除的根治术具有可接受的手术并发症发生率，能显著改善胃癌胰体尾侵犯病人的近期预后。     

多层螺旋CT辅助术中判断胃癌浆膜侵犯的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT辅助术中判断胃癌浆膜侵犯的价值。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2011年6月间中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的206例胃癌患者的临床资料。将术前CT和术中判断胃癌浆膜侵犯情况与术后病理对照．以比较术前CT与术中判断胃癌浆膜侵犯的诊断价值。结果术前CT和术中判断胃癌浆膜侵犯的敏感性分别为88．5％和98．9％,特异性分别为81．5％和61．3％．CT判断浆膜侵犯的准确率高于术中判断．但差异未达到统计学意义（84．5％比77．2％,P=0．060）。术中判断胃癌浆膜面为正常型、反应型、结节型、腱状型和多彩弥漫型者浆膜侵犯率分别为0（0／29）、2．5％（1／40）、40．5％（15／37）、59．2％（29／49）和82．4％（42／51）。对于浆膜呈腱状型表现者,术中判断胃癌浆膜侵犯的准确率为61．2％．明显低于术前CT的87．8％（P=0．002）。结论术前CT检查能够辅助术中判断胃癌浆膜有无侵犯．对浆膜呈腱状型的胃癌．手术医生应重视术前CT诊断。     

胃癌侵犯邻近脏器手术切除的疗效评价

１９７２年６月～１９９３年１２月，共手术治疗２８０例胃癌侵犯邻近脏器的患者。第一组为胃癌和受侵犯脏器完全切除者９３例，第二组为胃癌和受侵犯脏器不完全切除者５５例，第三组为仅切除胃癌原发灶者１３２例。三组术后５年生存率分别为３２．７％、７．７％和８．２％。第一组５年生存显著高于第二组和第三组（Ｐ＜０．０５），第二组和第三组５年生存率相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。作者认为对胃癌侵犯邻近脏器的患者，只要没有肝脏血行转移、腹膜种植和淋巴结广泛转移等不能治愈的因素，都应积极将胃癌和受侵犯脏器一并切除，以达根治目的；对有不能治愈因素存在者，则应争取切除胃癌原发灶，以提高生存质量和延长生存期。     

达芬奇机器人手术系统与腹腔镜及开腹胃癌根治术腹腔冲洗液癌胚抗原和多巴脱羧酶的变化

目的 探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统、腹腔镜及开腹胃癌根治术腹腔冲洗液CEA和多巴脱羧酶（DDC）的变化.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年3月第三军医大学西南医院收治的126例行胃癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中行达芬奇机器人手术系统胃癌根治术、腹腔镜胃癌根治术、开腹胃癌根治术者各42例,设为机器人手术组、腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组.收集患者手术前后腹腔冲洗液,采用ELISA法检测CEA和DDC浓度.计量资料采用配对t检验及方差分析,多重比较采用LSD法,计数资料采用x2检验及非参数检验.结果 机器人手术组、腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组患者术前腹腔冲洗液中CEA浓度分别为（242±189） μg/L、（221±174） μg/L和（257±135） iμg/L,术后CEA浓度分别为（1 262 ±785） μg/L、（1 172 ±699） μg/L和（2 996±1 947） μg/L;3组患者术前腹腔冲洗液中DDC浓度分别为（8±5） μg/L、（7±4） μg/L和（8±6） μg/L,术后DDC浓度分别为（87±55） μg/L、（81 ±52） μg/L和（146±135） lμg/L.3组患者术前CEA与DDC浓度比较,差异无统计学意义（F =0.491,0.161,P＞0.05）;3组患者术后CEA与DDC浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（F =27.214,6.865,P＜0.05）.两两比较术后CEA与DDC浓度发现：开腹手术组较腹腔镜及机器人组明显升高（P＜0.05）,而腹腔镜手术组与机器人手术组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.分析同种手术方式手术前后腹腔冲洗液中CEA和DDC浓度：3组术后CEA和DDC浓度均较术前显著增高,差异有统计学意义（t=-11.053、-11.700、-9.780,-10.261、-9.955、-6.969,P＜0.05）.结论 达芬奇机器人手术系统胃癌根治术与腹腔镜胃癌根治术比较,术后腹腔冲洗液中CEA和DDC浓度差异无统计学意义,但均明显低于开腹胃癌根治术,对于防止CEA和DDC介导的胃癌腹腔转移可能有一定作用.     

联合脏器切除治疗324例进展期胃癌的疗效分析

目的探讨联合脏器切除对伴有临近脏器侵犯或已有远处转移胃癌患者生存率的影响。方法对1998-2003年间收治324例伴有临近脏器侵犯或已有远处转移胃癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果324例患者均经胃镜或术后病理证实为胃癌,其中91例（28．09％）行联合脏器切除扩大胃癌根治术;64例（19．75％）行姑息性手术;131例（40．43％）仅行化疗治疗;38例（11．73％）未行任何治疗。其1年的生存率分别为：76．92％（70例）、42．19％（27例）、46．56％（61例）和7．89％（3例）;其3年的生存率分别为：36．26％（33例）、21．88％（14例）、19．84％（26例）和0％（0例）;其5年的生存率分别为：20．88％（19例）、12．5％（8例）、14．50％（19例）和0％（0例）。联合脏器切除术后的并发症发生率为19．78％（18例）,围手术期死亡6例,姑息性手术术后并发症仅为3．13％（2例）。结论对有临近脏器侵犯或已有远处转移的晚期胃癌患者,进行联合脏器切除仅能提高患者1年的生存率,无助于延长手术患者远期的生存时间,同时术后并发症多,大大增加了围手术期的危险性,在手术中需谨慎对待。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的:探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾分析79例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的资料,通过内镜及影像学检查获得诊断,行根治切除手术60例,旁路手术19例。结果:各种检查方法的准确率:十二指肠镜93.0%,上消化道造影88.0%,CT59.5%。根治手术组和姑息手术组的中位生存期分别为2.32年、0.57年,根治术后辅助化疗组中位生存期为3.35年。统计学分析显示单纯根治组与根治化疗组生存期存在显著差异。结论:十二指肠肿瘤缺乏临床特异性,联合内镜及影像学检查可以提高术前诊断率。治疗以胰十二指肠切除和局部根治性十二指肠段切除术为主,姑息的捷径手术可改善生活质量,辅助化疗可能延长术后生存期。     

Correlation between spiral computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and findings at operation in pancreatic and ampullary tumours

BACKGROUND: Spiral computed tomography (CT) allows high-resolution examination of the pancreas, surrounding vascular structures, lymph nodes and liver. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) also allows high-resolution imaging of the pancreas and adjacent structures but is an invasive procedure. With the availability of spiral CT, the role of EUS in the investigation of patients with suspected pancreatic or ampullary tumours is unclear. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with clinical suspicion of a pancreatic or ampullary tumour underwent both spiral CT and EUS. Thirty-four patients had surgical exploration, of whom 17 underwent pancreatic resection and 17 had biliary and gastric bypass. The results of spiral CT and EUS were compared with the operative findings. RESULTS: The final histological diagnosis was ductal adenocarcinoma (24 patients), ampullary carcinoma (six), serous cystadenoma (two) and chronic pancreatitis (two). EUS demonstrated 33 and spiral CT 26 of the 34 primary lesions. EUS was particularly useful in the assessment of small resectable tumours missed by spiral CT. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS and spiral CT for detecting involvement by the tumour of the superior mesenteric vein, portal vein and lymph nodes were similar, but EUS was less effective at evaluating the superior mesenteric artery. CONCLUSION: EUS is an important additional investigation after spiral CT in patients with a suspected pancreatic or ampullary tumour.     

Assessment of adventitial involvement of esophageal carcinoma by endoscopic ultrasonography

Summary The adventitial involvement (AI) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in 20 patients was analyzed by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography (CT). The findings were compared with the histologic evidence of tumor invasion in the resected specimens. AI was detected as an irregularity or interruption of the third layer of the esophageal wall on ultrasound examination. The overall accuracy in the assessment of depth of tumor invasion by EUS and CT scan was 80% and 68%, respectively. EUS diagnosed AI in 17 patients and detected direct tumor invasion of either the aorta, trachea or pericardium in 7 of them. In 4 patients who had severe stenotic lesions, EUS underestimated the depth of tumor invasion when compared to the histologic findings. Overall, these results, show that EUS when combined with CT scanning is a useful means of preoperatively evaluating tumor invasion in patients with esophageal carcinoma.     

5种影像学检查方法对胰腺癌诊断价值的比较

目的 评价BUS、MRI、CT、ERCP、EUS五种影像学检查方法对胰腺癌诊断的价值.方法 376例胰腺癌患者进行了BUS、MRI、CT、ERCP和EUS的一项或多项检查,均经手术及病理证实为胰腺癌.对检查结果进行分析.结果 结果显示BUS、MRI、CT、ERCP、EUS对胰腺癌的准确性分别为85.1%、88.9%、89.4%、90.2%和93.8%:EUS对胰腺癌有较高的准确性.而BUS的准确性最差;CT、MRI、ERCP三者的准确性没有显著差异.结论 EUS对胰腺癌是目前准确性最高的影像学检查方法:MRI、CT对于术前判断胰腺癌的可切除性具有极其重要意义:ERCP对胰腺癌的诊断是一种较好的方法.但不作为首选的方法.     

Computed tomography-based diagnostics might be insufficient in the determination of pancreatic cancer unresectability

AIM: To inquire into a question of an overestimation of arterial involvement in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS: Radiology data were compared with the findings from 51 standard, 58 extended and 17 total pancreaticoduodenectomies; 9 distal resections with celiac artery (CA) excision; and 28 palliations for PC. The survival of 11 patients with controversial computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound data with regard to arterial invasion, after R0/R1 procedures (false-positive CT results, Group A), was compared to survival after eight R2 resections (false-negative CT results, Group B) and after 12 bypass procedures for locally advanced cancer (true-positive CT results, Group C). RESULTS: In all of the cases in group A, operative exploration revealed no arterial invasion, which was predicted by CT. The one-year survival in Group A was 88.9%, and the two-year survival was 26.7%, with a median follow-up of 22 mo. One-year survival was not attained in groups B and C, with a significant difference in survival (P_a-b = 0.0029, P_b-c = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Arterial encasement on CT does not necessarily indicate arterial invasion. Whenever PC is considered unresectable, endoUS should be used. In patients with controversial CT an EUS data for peripancreatic arteries involvement radical resection might be possible, providing survival benefits as compared to R2- resections or palliative surgery.     

Improved contemporary surgical management of insulinomas: a 25-year experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital

OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in the management strategy of patients with insulinomas and identify critical factors in patient outcome. BACKGROUND: Pancreatic insulinomas are rare neoplasms that are present in various ways. The optimal approach to localization, operative management, and follow-up of insulinomas is undetermined. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with a diagnosis of insulinoma requiring surgery at a tertiary care center between 1983 and 2007 were reviewed. Demographic details, mode of presentation, preoperative localization, operative procedures, and pathology data were assessed. The effect of different factors on survival was determined. RESULTS: Seven of 61 (11%) patients had a diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN-1). Multiple insulinomas were noted in 8% of cases and were more common in MEN-1 patients. The overall rate of malignancy was 8%. Confusion (67%), visual disturbances (42%), and diaphoresis (30%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Weight gain was noted in 44% of patients. The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 18 (1-240) months. The sensitivity of preoperative imaging of tumors before 1994 was 75%, compared with 98% after this period, which included use of endoscopic ultrasound scanning (P = 0.012). A combination of palpation and intraoperative ultrasound detected 92% of tumors. Distal pancreatectomy (40%), enucleation (34%), and pancreaticoduodenectomy (16%) were the most common procedures and pancreatic fistula occurred in 18% of patients. Three patients underwent noncurative distal pancreatectomy in the early period. The 10-year disease-specific and disease-free survival was 100% and 90% respectively. There were 5 patients with disease recurrence. Lymph node metastases (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001), and the presence of MEN-1 (P = 0.035) were prognostically significant adverse factors in disease-free survival. Lymphovascular invasion was the only significant factor on multivariate analysis (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Pancreatic insulinomas can be readily localized preoperatively with modern imaging to avoid unsuccessful blind pancreatic resection. Surgical resection is associated with low morbidity and mortality and achieves long-term disease-free survival in the absence of lymphovascular invasion.     

直肠癌术前分期方法的研究

评估研究直肠癌术前分期方法。方法:对80例直肠癌病人使用术前腔内超声、CT、MRI检查肿瘤病变的深度和直肠指检及术后病理报告在评估病变深度的正确率。结果:直肠腔内超声检查直肠癌浸润深度的正确诊断率为89.3％,对早期直肠癌的正确诊断率为83.3％。CT正确诊断率为86.4％,早期癌的正确诊断率为66.6％。MRI的正确诊断率为90％,早期癌的正确诊断率为83.3％。直肠指检的诊断正确率仅为52.5％。结论:直肠内超声可分辨直肠壁各层的细微结构,可作为直肠癌术前分期的首选诊断方法。     

伴破骨样巨细胞胰腺未分化癌的临床病理特征与治疗策略

目的:探讨伴破骨样巨细胞胰腺未分化癌（UCOGCP）的临床病理特征与治疗策略。方法:采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2004年1月至2019年1月北京大学第一医院收治的5例UCOGCP病人的临床病理资料;男1例,女4例;中位年龄为56岁,年龄范围为33~71岁。病人术前行实验室检查、影像学检查及活组织病理学检查。胰头部肿...     

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的MSCT表现

目的探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现特点。方法回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的cT表现。男7例,女6例,平均年龄49．2岁,均行cT平扫加增强扫描。结果13例中,胰岛素瘤5例,胃泌素瘤2例,非功能性神经内分泌肿瘤6例。13例患者共发现15个病灶,胰头占3／15、胰颈占1／15、胰体占3／15、胰尾占8／15。CT平扫呈等密度5个,低密度10个,其中混杂密度占6／15。平扫7个病灶局部突出或隆起于胰腺轮廓外。增强扫描动脉期明显强化8个,中度强化5个,轻度强化2个;胰腺期7个病灶强化程度同动脉期。结论胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的CT表现具有一定的特征,结合临床资料,做出术前诊断可能性较大。     

超声内镜与CT对胰腺及壶腹部周围肿瘤的术前诊断价值

目的评估超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)和CT对胰腺及壶腹部周围肿瘤的术前诊断价值。方法回顾性分析33例胰腺及壶腹部肿瘤患者术前EUS、CT资料,与手术探查及术后病理结果对照,从肿瘤大小、部位等角度筛选出影响EUS准确性的因素。结果 EUS在判断胰周脂肪浸润、胆管扩张、胰周脏器侵犯、血管侵犯等方面敏感性、特异性与CT的差异无统计学意义(P>0．05);EUS在胰管扩张及淋巴结转移方面的诊断价值优于CT(P=0．039和P=0．004); EUS判断胰周脂肪浸润和胰周脏器侵及的准确性与肿瘤大小有关(P=0．015和P=0．022),判断胰管扩张的准确性与肿瘤部位有关(P<0．001)。结论 EUS对胰腺及壶腹部周围肿瘤诊断的临床价值很高,结合CT检查有助于加强对患者术前评价的认识。